同构阵列式自重构机器人的仿真与控制

针对同构阵列式模块化自重构机器人的特点,说明该机器人系统是一个分布式的多智能体系统,结合agent技术,对自重构模块的组成进行了分析,并提出一种能够准确描述该类机器人的拓扑结构、运动、位置及模块间连接关系的特征向量矩阵;对自重构模块的翻转、平移运动和元模块的构成及运动形式进行了描述,搭建了分布式多智能体的控制结构,结合模块的空间矢量进行路径规划,利用Java3D技术建立了可视化的模块化自重构机器人仿真环境,在此平台上对模块的运动进行了仿真,验证了该控制算法和仿真平台的有效性。     

晶格畸变自重构机器人结构设计及运动分析

针对大规模晶格式自重构机器人系统整体难以运动的问题,提出了通过局部晶格畸变实现晶格式系统整体运动的方法.给出了一种晶格畸变的规则,并根据此规则设计了一种模块结构,用离散置换群对此模块的重构运动特征进行了分析.利用由6个模块组成的2个晶格进行了畸变硬件实验,验证了这种结构模块组成的晶格可以实现晶格畸变.基于Vortex+OSG的高保真虚拟仿真平台,通过52个模块组成的晶格式机器人系统进行了蛇形运动的计算机仿真,结果证明了局部晶格畸变产生全局运动方法的有效性.     

基于网络的自重构机器人重构路径研究

文中针对自重构机器人的重构问题提出了一种基于网络的分析方法.自重构模块机器人"AMOEBA-I"的9种不同构形组成了一个构形网络.机器人的每种构形被看成带有权值的有向构形网络中的一个节点.一种构形向另一种构形的转换可描述为一条非负值的有向路径.将图论应用于构形变化的分析,根据构形的拓扑信息相应定义了重构路径、可重构矩阵和路径矩阵.在此基础上,将图论中的算法应用于重构路径的计数和最佳重构路径的选择.数值分析与仿真实验结果验证了该方法的可行性.同时,该方法还可以用于其他自重构机器人的构形控制与自重构规划.     

一种带自检功能的自重构机器人运动规划算法

针对目前模块化自重构机器人集中式运动规划算法的不足,对自重构机器人建立元胞自动机模型,采用分布式算法对自重构机器人的运动进行规划;通过加入了自检和优先级的功能,对分布式算法进行改进,简化了规则,使自重构机器人顺利翻越障碍;仿真实验结果表明,采用改进后的运动规划算法,自重构机器人能成功翻越比自身高的障碍物.     

一种自重构机器人手抓取构形的拓扑转换

自重构机器人手是由一些模块构成的复杂的模块化自重构机器人系统。本文提出了一种能够准确描述了这类机器人手抓取构形拓扑结构的方法;分析了构形拓扑转换的规律和步骤,并结合模块的运动形式,描述了拓扑结构转换的操作过程,并运用智能算法对构形拓扑结构转换进行优化。经验证,拓扑转换的操作步骤减少了,自重构机器人手的构形转化效率提高了。     

一种新型机器人自标定装置及其算法

针对传统基于几何约束的机器人自标定装置仅能对局部工作空间内的机器人位型进行标定测量的问题,提出了一种由安装于机器人末端的球心位置测量装置和可移动球杆组成的新型便携式机器人自标定装置,通过利用球面约束和距离约束,可在较大工作空间内对机器人进行标定测量,从而提高标定结果的可靠性．根据可移动球杆的单、双球布置方式,分别建立了基于向量差和距离差的2种机器人自标定模型及其算法．通过采用局部指数积公式并引入位置伴随变换矩阵,简化了2种自标定模型,从而降低了对运动学方程线性化的计算量．最后,对一种6自由度串联机器人进行了仿真实验,实验结果表明2种自标定算法均能够快速收敛,验证了2种算法的有效性和鲁棒性．     

自重构机器人系统中任务规划策略研究

在自重构多机器人系统中，机器人控制需要解决的关键问题是系统的任务规划和多机器人的协调控制。其中，任务规划是高层的组织与决策机制问题，指如何组织多个机器人共同完成任务，实现机器人系统资源的优化配置。本文通过建立一种多机器人系统的模型，结合集中规划的决策方法，实现自重构机器人系统任务规划的优化问题。仿真结果表明，该方法是可行的。     

基于松散偏好规则的群体机器人系统自组织协作围捕

针对群体机器人协作围捕,提出了一种基于松散偏好规则的自组织方法.首 先给出了个体机器人的自由运动模型和围捕行为的数学描述.通过对围捕行为的分解,构造松散偏好 规则来使个体机器人在自组织运动过程中相互协调最终形成理想的围捕队形.在此基础上,设计了个体自组织运动控制器.最后运用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明系统的稳定性.仿真和实验结果表 明,本文给出的自组织方法对于群体机器人协作围捕是行之有效的.     

自重构自修复机器人的研究

比较可重构机器人与自重构自修复机器人的特点,阐述了自重构自修复机器人的研究现状、任务、意义及应用前景.     

基于万向式关节的模块化自重构机器人

提出了一种基于万向式关节的模块化自重构机器人——UBot．该机器人模块结构紧凑、刚性好、运动灵活,具有运动、 重构和处理任务的能力．它由许多标准模块组成,模块均采用万向式结构的正立方体外形,具有4个可以与相邻模块连接\/断开的连接面． 设计了钩爪式连接机构,它可以快速可靠地与相邻模块连接/断开,该连接机构连接后具有自锁功能,节省能量．设计了 模块电气系统．最后进行了连接机构和机器人运动实验,证明了UBot系统的可靠性和运动灵活性．     

Towards an Efficient Self-organizing Reconfiguration Method for Self-reconfigurable Robots

This paper deals with the essential technique for self-organizing metamorphosis of self-reconfigurable robots. A general model describing self-reconfigurable robots is proposed; the model is capable of expressing the topological structure of typical 2-D and 3-D self-reconfigurable robots. Afterwards, a self-organizing metamorphic strategy of self-reconfigurable robots, based on full-discrete local intelligence, is proposed. The modules concurrently process the local interactive information. A reasonable motion sequence for modules can be obtained by means of determining and evolving the rules of modules motion. Consequently, the global self-organizing behavior will be obtained, and the complexity of the algorithm is reduced. Simulation samples are provided to illustrate this approach and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

Kinematic Design of Modular Reconfigurable In-Parallel Robots

This paper describes the kinematic design issues of a modular reconfigurable parallel robot. Two types of robot modules, the fixed-dimension joint modules and the variable dimension link modules that can be custom-designed rapidly, are used to facilitate the complex design effort. Module selection and robot configuration enumeration are discussed. The kinematic analysis of modular parallel robots is based on a local frame representation of the Product-Of-Exponentials (POE) formula. Forward displacement analysis algorithms and a workspace visualization scheme are presented for a class of three-legged modular parallel robots. Two three-legged reconfigurable parallel robot configurations are actually built according to the proposed design procedure.     

A Modularized Personal Robot DRP I: Design and Implementation

In this paper, we investigate comprehensive issues of modularized robot systems and present architecture for effective development of personal robots. The proposed architecture includes the interface and interaction methodology of the hardware modules and the software among the modules. Based on the architecture, we present a fully modularized personal robot dynamically reconfigurable personal robot I. Its hardware modules are easily added to or removed from the original system, and also the distributed software functions of the modules are rearrangeable accordingly. We focus on how to effectively build up the robot, and discuss the dynamically reconfigurable features of it for evaluating the proposed idea and approach.     

Modular Design of a Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Robot

This paper discusses the modular design of distributed reconfigurable robots. The design concept, mechanical structure, electrical processing unit, actuator dissection and reconfiguration examples of the proposed robotic modules are presented in detail. The reconfigurable robotic motion is realized via a collection of the proposed modules with the capability of connecting and disconnecting with adjacent modules. The key actuation of the robotic reconfiguration is driven only by the E-type electromagnets and different shapes of the modules are implemented for versatile applications. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed robotic modules has been extensively tested.     

Configuration representation and reconfiguration optimization for the reconfigurable robots with independent manipulation

Single module of the reconfigurable robots with independent manipulation can perform the actions of locomotion and manipulation. In conformity with the request for achieving autonomous operation in the unstructurized environment instead of fixed operation in the structurized environment, these robots are applied in the complicated and dangerous environment. The existing researches on the configuration theory focus on the reconfigurable robots with limited locomotion and the ones with independent locomotion, not being applicable to the reconfigurable robots with independent manipulation. The vector configuration is put forward, the research content of which contains the topology and locomotion direction of configuration, the posture and orientation and connection relation between modules. Module state vector and configuration state matrix are proposed for representation methodology for the swarm configuration of these reconfigurable robots, which supports transformation operation to represent and trigger behavior motion of the module and reconfiguration between configurations. Optimization algorithm of assembly reconfiguration applying workload as the optimization target is presented, as well as optimization algorithm of transformation reconfiguration applying the integration of posture orientation workload and connection workload. The result of optimization is the relation of state transformation between the initial configuration and the object one as the basic of reconfiguration plan and control. Supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA04Z254) and the Scientific Research Fund for Doctor of Liaoning Provice (Grant No. 20071007)     

Solving function distribution and behavior design problem for cooperative object handling by multiple mobile robots

This paper addresses the function distribution and behavior design problem for a multirobot system which incorporates a behavior-based dynamic cooperation strategy for object handling. The proposed multiple robot system is composed of a managing robot and homogeneous behavior-based robots. The cooperation strategy in this system is realized in two steps: designing the distributed robot's cooperative behavioral attributes according to the robot's abilities, and organizing these behavioral attributes so that team cooperation is realized. For indicating an incremental style of local behavior construction, an advanced design of cooperative behavior for coping with unknown disturbance is addressed. Additionally, two extended cooperation strategies designed for a path tracking task are described. These three strategies are based on the same concept on performing manipulation in coordination. Therefore, by considering the function distribution among the managing robot and worker robots, and considering behavior design of each worker robot, the proposed system is able to achieve the object handling task with different performances according to the task requirement, such as with or without path tracking and with or without contact with the environment. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed system.     

Multiagent control of self-reconfigurable robots

We demonstrate how multiagent systems provide useful control techniques for modular self-reconfigurable (metamorphic) robots. Such robots consist of many modules that can move relative to each other, thereby changing the overall shape of the robot to suit different tasks. Multiagent control is particularly well-suited for tasks involving uncertain and changing environments. We illustrate this approach through simulation experiments of Proteo, a metamorphic robot system currently under development.     

Algorithms for Fast Concurrent Reconfiguration of Hexagonal Metamorphic Robots

The problem addressed is the distributed reconfiguration of a system of hexagonal metamorphic robots (modules) from an initial straight chain to a goal configuration that satisfies a simple admissibility condition. Our reconfiguration strategy depends on finding a contiguous path of cells that spans the goal configuration and over which modules can move concurrently without collision or deadlock, called an admissible substrate path. A subset of modules first occupy the admissible substrate path, which is then traversed by other modules to fill in the remainder of the goal. We present a two-phase reconfiguration strategy, beginning with a centralized preprocessing phase that finds and heuristically ranks all admissible substrate paths in the goal configuration, according to which path is likely to result in fast parallel reconfiguration. We prove the correctness of our path-finding algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness through simulation. The second phase of reconfiguration is accomplished by a deterministic, distributed algorithm that uses little or no intermodule message passing.     

可重构模块化机器人现状和发展

由于市场全球化的竞争,机器人的应用范围要求越来越广,而每种机器人的构形仅能 适应一定的有限范围,因此机器人的柔性不能满足市场变化的要求,解决这一问题的方法就 是开发可重构机器人系统．本文介绍了可重构机器人的发展状况,分析了可重构机器人的研 究内容和发展方向．     

Rapid response manufacturing through a rapidly reconfigurable robotic workcell

This article describes the development of a component-based technology robot workcell that can be rapidly configured to perform a specific manufacturing task. The workcell is conceived with standard and inter-operable components including actuator modules, rigid link connectors and tools that can be assembled into robots with arbitrary geometry and degrees of freedom. The reconfigurable “plug-and-play” robot kinematic and dynamic modeling algorithms are developed. These algorithms are the basis for the control and simulation of reconfigurable robots. The concept of robot configuration optimization is introduced for the effective use of the rapidly reconfigurable robots. Control and communications of the workcell components are facilitated by a workcell-wide TCP/IP network and device-level CAN-bus networks. An object-oriented simulation and visualization software for the reconfigurable robot is developed based on Windows NT. Prototypes of the robot workcells configured to perform the light-machining task and the positioning task are constructed and demonstrated.