知识网格环境下基于TMs的协同认知

协同认知，形式上表现为问题解决环境下拥有各自知识的实体，根据一定的学习规则在个体认知的基础上，协同完成某项认知任务。协同认知的参与者可能处于不同地点，因而分布式环境下的知识共享显得尤为重要。本文通过对网格环境下Topic Maps（TMs）这一知识表示手段的应用扩展，对网格环境下的知识表示和知识传播进行了研究，提出了有别于传统网络查询的查询机制。在对协同认知的元学习及群学习进行分析与定义的基础上，将机器处理和心智学习有机结合，构造了一个面向知识网格环境的协同认知学习机制，并相应地给出了一个基于TMs的认知实例。     

基于模糊规则的学习者认知水平估算方法

认知水平估算是远程学习系统中实现学习导航和知识推荐的一个重要依据.针对现有的估算方法存在计算方式单一、逻辑推理简单等问题,提出了一种用模糊集表示认知水平等级,以记忆量为判断标准、试题难度和做题时间为影响因素,通过模糊推理产生对认知等级不同的影响参数,并利用影响参数和改进的SherlockⅡ方法修改认知水平的等级隶属度的方法.通过和其他方法比较,得出本方法逻辑合理、计算简便,能够合理地反映学习者的认知过程.     

基于格式塔心理学的运动类手机App界面设计研究

当前随着手机App市场的发展,手机应用界面设计类型也多种多样。文章以格式塔心理学的视知觉原理作为切入点,结合具体的设计案例,对格式塔心理学在界面设计中的应用进行梳理和归纳,通过分析总结出格式塔视知觉组织原则。通过研究人的视觉规律,探讨优化视觉感知的方法,提炼出能指导优化用户界面认知的论点,总结手机界面设计的理论,将格式塔原理与界面设计联系起来。     

一种使用视觉反馈与行为记忆的蚁群优化算法

在分析现有改进算法的基础上,结合视知觉及认知心理学的相关理论,提出一种具备视觉反馈与行为记忆学习能力的新型蚁群算法:首先,建立视觉模型使得蚂蚁能够通过人工视觉感知周围目标城市的分布,用视知觉修正信息素噪声,提高蚂蚁探索质量;其次,建立行为记忆学习模型,使蚂蚁能够从已经走过的局部最优路径中提取经验来指导周游活动,加快算法收敛速度并强化寻优能力.经过与传统改进策略比较发现,新算法在求解质量与求解时间上均有明显改进.     

图像处理的虚拟3D显示及阴影过渡区检测研究

1RGB分量灰度表示 图像是用各种观测系统以不同形式和手段观测客观世界而获得的,可以直接或间接作用于人眼并产生视知觉的实体.     

一种新的人眼视觉运动认知特性实验分析方法

视觉感知过程源于对象自身的大范围拓扑性质,而场景对象发生运动状态变化时,其所在空间的大范围拓扑关系也将随之改变。为探索大范围拓扑性质和运动性质同时改变时人眼视觉的认知优先特性,基于虚拟现实技术及眼动跟踪技术,通过构建虚拟驾驶及眼动轨迹分析实验平台,结合拓扑复杂度和空间拓扑关系概念分别探讨二维和三维空间中人眼视知觉对物体运动的认知特性。在此基础上,采用响应面分析方法设计场景中自变量因子的随机实验数值,通过可视化方法对比多组认知场景的无感反馈眼动监测结果。实验结果表明,在Tobii眼动仪采集的545个眼动数据中,发生在运动物体上的数据有516个,相比于物体自身属性的大范围拓扑性质变化,人眼视知觉过程更优先识别物体运动的大范围空间拓扑关系变化。该运动认知优先特性为可靠人工智能驾驶中的视觉注视预测技术提供了新的研究思路,同时验证了所提实验分析方法的有效性。     

基于信任知识库的概率模糊认知图

模糊认知图较难表示概念间因果关系测度的不确定性、因果联系的时空特性及专家对知识的不确定性．在继承模糊认知图模型优点的前提下，在概念间的因果关系中引入条件概率及信任知识库表示，提出基于信任知识库的概率模糊认知图模型．该模型用条件概率及信任知识库表示因果联系的时空特性、专家对知识及概念间因果关系测度的不确定性，从而将因果关系测度的不确定性、因果联系的时空特性及专家对知识的不确定性有效地融入模糊认知图中，自然扩展了模糊认知图模拟因果关系的能力，较大限度地减少了认知图对现实世界模拟的失真．最后通过实验说明了基于信任知识库的概率模糊认知图模型，具有比FCM更强的模拟能力．     

连续认知结构推理方法及其应用

实际问题中存在着大量连续量以及对它们的各种认知信息(知识).为了较好地描述和利用这些知识,将这些知识分解为连续认知结论以及关于这个结论的一个认知结构,并将它们统一成一个连续认知结构.在此基础上提出了一种基于连续认知结构的连续认知推理网络,并探讨了一套利用连续认知结构进行推理的方法.这种方法在不完全的知识推理网络中的推理是非单调的,其最简推理复杂度关于推理网络节点在最复杂情况下是线性的.同时,还用例子说明了这种方法在实际问题求解中的适用性.     

认知演化算法

受人类创造性思维过程的启发,借鉴认知心理学和创新计算的研究成果,提出了一种模拟人类基于创造性思维的问题求解过程和行为的智能算法--认知演化算法.该算法以知识为核心,将问题求解看成一个基于知识的创造性思维过程,对发散思维、收敛思维、记忆、执行、学习和价值体系6个关键模块进行了建模,充分发挥了知识演化和基于知识的创造性思维技巧在问题求解中的作用.通过数值实验分析了CEA各参数对算法性能的影响,并以一个扩展的路径优化问题将CEA与经典的智能算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,针对知识密集型优化问题,该算法能够以较少的目标评价次数得到问题的较优解.     

一种关于Agent的模糊认知逻辑

由于经典逻辑不能表示模糊事实,而且Agent也不能利用经典逻辑的方法从模糊事实里获取知识,为了克服经典逻辑方面的不足,提出了一种关于Agent的模糊认知逻辑.首先,介绍了模糊认知逻辑和规则,该方法用数字来表示模糊事实,用模糊逻辑来获取知识.其次,引入了一种反向推理逻辑,利用该方法研究了条件和结论的相关性.最后,主要介绍Agent采用模糊认知逻辑获取知识的过程.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate