基于本体和云理论的不确定知识表示

描述逻辑是本体的重要表示方式,但只能处理严格的确定性的知识,并不能处理自然界中广泛存在的模糊的和不确定的知识。通过对最基本的描述逻辑ALC进行扩展,提出了能够处理不确定知识的基于本体和云模型不确定描述逻辑:Cloud-ALC,给出了Cloud-ALC的语法和语义及其蕴涵推理关系,研究了Cloud-ALC所具有的相关性质。实例分析说明Cloud-ALC可以为扩展本体描述语言以便能够处理不确定知识提供语义支持。     

动态描述逻辑的可拓集合扩展

通过对可拓集合与经典集合、模糊集合的分析比较,说明可拓集合的特点和优点,用可拓集合代替经典集合或模糊集合作为动态描述逻辑DDL的集合论基础,对DDL进行扩展,生成了一种新的描述逻辑DDES,并给出了DDLES中概念、关系和实例的描述形式以及它们的语义解释,最后对传统描述逻辑ALC、模糊DDL和DDES中的Abox形式进行了比较.     

基于最小/最大描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集模型

覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集都是处理不确定性问题的基础理论,它们有着很强的互补性,且覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合研究是一个新的热点。对多粒度覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合进行深入研究。首先将最小描述、最大描述从单一粒度推广到多个粒度,提出了多粒度的最小描述和最大描述,讨论了多粒度的融合;其次,分别给出了基于最小描述和最大描述的模糊覆盖粗糙隶属度、非隶属度的概念,构建了两种新的模型即基于最小描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集和基于最大描述的多粒度覆盖粗糙直觉模糊集,并讨论了它们的性质,同时举例说明;最后,分析和研究了两种模型的关系。该研究为多粒度覆盖粗糙集和直觉模糊集的融合提供了一种方法。     

具有两种否定的描述逻辑系统MALC

否定信息在知识表示和推理中具有非常重要的作用。随着信息科学的发展,大量的事实表明：信息科学的许多领域需要区分概念的矛盾否定和对立否定。描述逻辑作为一阶谓词逻辑的可判定子集,并没有区分概念的矛盾否定与对立否定。本文将模糊否定词～和对立否定词 引入描述逻辑ALC,建立了一个扩展的描述逻辑系统MALC,使其具有处理模模糊知识的能力。同时,文章给出了基于中介无穷值语义模型的语义解释;在推理机制上,给出了可满足性的定义和可满足性的Tableau算法。     

描述逻辑的粗糙扩展研究

由于传统的描述逻辑系统不适于表示不确定的、模糊的知识,本文将基于粗糙集语义的下近似和上近似引入描述逻辑系统中,使用一种简单的方法将传统描述逻辑进行扩展,介绍了粗糙描述逻辑的概念,在粗糙描述逻辑系统中我们可以使用适当的子概念和超概念来对某些模糊的知识进行约束表示。本文主要讨论描述逻辑ALC的粗糙扩展,介绍扩展后所得到的粗糙描述逻辑RALC的语法、语义和相关推理问题,探讨了使用粗糙描述逻辑来对不精确概念进行建模的基本思想,最后提出了一个RALC的可满足性问题的推理算法。本文的工作可以使得在描述逻辑中对不确定的知识进行形式化描述和推理更加方便。     

空间方向关系模糊描述

采用模糊的方法来描述方向关系.首先给每个方向定义一个模糊隶属函数,使得目标对象属于某个方向的模糊性可用一个模糊集来描述,9方向关系系统可用9个模糊集来描述;然后在每个模糊集上定义一个聚集算子,使得每个模糊对象和精确对象间的方向关系可用一个3×3的模糊矩阵来描述.     

改进的粗糙描述逻辑框架

已有的粗糙描述逻辑(RDLs)都是基于经典的粗糙集理论,也就是在讨论可以处理不确定信息的粗糙描述逻辑前首先要定义出论域中元素间的某种等价关系。事实上,人们经常会遇到用形式概念表示的对象域,这种情况下一个自然的问题就是:如何处理可能出现的不确定性概念?把形式概念分析与粗糙集理论联系起来作为基础,建立了两种新的粗糙描述逻辑。把文献[14]中Y.Y.Yao等提出的方法应用于新的RDLs,其中的上(下)近似算子分别用格论算子和集合论算子来定义。这里的近似的定义虽然不同于传统的粗糙近似算子形式,但是有很好的实用性。基于这个新颖的上(下)近似的定义,把这两组近似算子引入到描述逻辑的结构中形成两种粗糙描述逻辑FlALC和FsALC。给出了相应的语法和语义,最后还给出了扩展的Tableaux算法,其可以用来解决相应的推理问题。     

基于时态的模糊描述逻辑初探

针对现实生活中,有许多的信息都是具有时间属性并且带有模糊、不精确的特点,在时态逻辑和模糊描述逻辑基础上,利用vager集概念,对基于时态的模糊描述逻辑系统进行了初步的研究,并给出了时态模糊描述逻辑的语法和语义的相关说明.与模糊描述逻辑FALC相比,该系统的提出在一定程度上弥补了FALC作为语义Web逻辑基础在表达时序上的空白.     

基于数据域描述的模糊支持向量回归

针对支持向量机中由于噪声和孤立点带来的过拟合问题，提出了一种基于支持向量数据域描述的模糊隶属度函数模型，根据样本到特征空间最小包含超球球心的距离来确定其模糊隶属度．将提出的隶属度模型用于模糊支持向量回归中，二维数据集仿真以及工业PTA氧化过程中4-CBA浓度预测的实例表明，提出的模型可以有效减小回归误差，提高支持向量机抗噪声的能力．     

Bearing condition prediction considering uncertainty: An interval type-2 fuzzy neural network approach

Rolling-element bearings are critical components of rotating machinery. It is important to accurately predict in real-time the health condition of bearings so that maintenance practices can be scheduled to avoid malfunctions or even catastrophic failures. In this paper, an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network (IT2FNN) is proposed to perform multi-step-ahead condition prediction of faulty bearings. Since the IT2FNN defines an interval type-2 fuzzy logic system in the form of a multi-layer neural network, it can integrate the merits of each, such as fuzzy reasoning to handle uncertainties and neural networks to learn from data. The interval type-2 fuzzy linguistic process in the IT2FNN enables the system to handle prediction uncertainties, since the type-2 fuzzy sets are such sets whose membership grades are type-1 fuzzy sets that can be used in failure prediction due to the difficult determination of an exact membership function for a fuzzy set. Noisy data of faulty bearings are used to validate the proposed predictor, whose performance is compared with that of a prevalent type-1 condition predictor called Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The results show that better prediction accuracy can be achieved via the IT2FNN.     

Fuzzy rule interpolation based on principle membership functions and uncertainty grade functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Fuzzy rule interpolation is an important research topic in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems. In this paper, we present a new method for dealing with fuzzy rule interpolation in sparse fuzzy rule-based systems based on the principle membership functions and uncertainty grade functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The proposed method deals with fuzzy rule interpolation based on the principle membership functions and the uncertainty grade functions of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. It can deal with fuzzy rule interpolation with polygonal interval type-2 fuzzy sets and can handle fuzzy rule interpolation with multiple antecedent variables. We also use some examples to compare the fuzzy interpolative reasoning results of the proposed method with the ones of an existing method. The experimental result shows that the proposed method gets more reasonable results than the existing method for fuzzy rule interpolation based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets.     

Interval type-2 neuro-fuzzy system with implication-based inference mechanism

Neuro-fuzzy systems have been proved to be an efficient tool for modelling real life systems. They are precise and have ability to generalise knowledge from presented data. Neuro-fuzzy systems use fuzzy sets – most commonly type-1 fuzzy sets. Type-2 fuzzy sets model uncertainties better than type-1 fuzzy sets because of their fuzzy membership function. Unfortunately computational complexity of type reduction in general type-2 systems is high enough to hinder their practical application. This burden can be alleviated by application of interval type-2 fuzzy sets. The paper presents an interval type-2 neuro-fuzzy system with interval type-2 fuzzy sets both in premises (Gaussian interval type-2 fuzzy sets with uncertain fuzziness) and consequences (trapezoid interval type-2 fuzzy set). The inference mechanism is based on the interval type-2 fuzzy Łukasiewicz, Reichenbach, Kleene-Dienes, or Brouwer–Gödel implications. The paper is accompanied by numerical examples. The system can elaborate models with lower error rate than type-1 neuro-fuzzy system with implication-based inference mechanism. The system outperforms some known type-2 neuro-fuzzy systems.     

Switching between type-2 fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets: an application in medical diagnosis

When dealing with vagueness, there are situations when there is insufficient information available, making it impossible to satisfactorily evaluate membership. The intuitionistic fuzzy set theory is more suitable than fuzzy sets to deal with such problem. In 1996, Atanassov proposed the mapping from intuitionistic fuzzy sets to fuzzy sets. Furthermore, intuitionistic fuzzy sets are isomorphic to interval valued fuzzy sets, and interval valued fuzzy sets are regarded as the special cases of type-2 fuzzy sets in recently studies. However, their discussions are not only hardly comprehending but also lacking the reliable applications. In this study, the advantage of type-2 fuzzy sets is employed, and the switching relation between type-2 fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets is defined axiomatically. The switching results are applied to show the usefulness of the proposed method in pattern recognition and medical diagnosis reasoning.     

Web shopping expert using new interval type-2 fuzzy reasoning

Finding a product with high quality and reasonable price online is a difficult task due to uncertainty of Web data and queries. In order to handle the uncertainty problem, the Web Shopping Expert, a new type-2 fuzzy online decision support system, is proposed. In the Web Shopping Expert, a fast interval type-2 fuzzy method is used to directly use all rules with type-1 fuzzy sets to perform type-2 fuzzy reasoning efficiently. The parameters of type-2 fuzzy sets are optimized by a least square method. The Web Shopping Expert based on the interval type-2 fuzzy inference system provides reasonable decisions for online users.     

Quantification of R-fuzzy sets

The main aim of this paper is to connect R-fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy sets, so as to provide a practical means to express complex uncertainty without the associated difficulty of a type-2 fuzzy set. The paper puts forward a significance measure, to provide a means for understanding the importance of the membership values contained within an R-fuzzy set. The pairing of an R-fuzzy set and the significance measure allows for an intermediary approach to that of a type-2 fuzzy set. By inspecting the returned significance degree of a particular membership value, one is able to ascertain its true significance in relation, relative to other encapsulated membership values. An R-fuzzy set coupled with the proposed significance measure allows for a type-2 fuzzy equivalence, an intermediary, all the while retaining the underlying sentiment of individual and general perspectives, and with the adage of a significantly reduced computational burden. Several human based perception examples are presented, wherein the significance degree is implemented, from which a higher level of detail can be garnered. The results demonstrate that the proposed research method combines the high capacity in uncertainty representation of type-2 fuzzy sets, together with the simplicity and objectiveness of type-1 fuzzy sets. This in turn provides a practical means for problem domains where a type-2 fuzzy set is preferred but difficult to construct due to the subjective type-2 fuzzy membership.