Software component identification and selection: A research review

Nowadays, with the development of software reuse, software developers are paying more attention to component-related technologies, which have been mostly applied in the development of large-scale complex applications to enhance the productivity of software development and accelerate time to market. Component-based software development is well acknowledged as a methodology, which establishes the reusability of software and reduces the development cost effectively. Two crucial problems in component-based software development are component identification and component selection. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a reference point for future research by categorizing and classifying different component identification and component selection methods and emphasizing their respective strengths and weaknesses. We hope that it can help researchers find the current status of this issue and serve as a basis for future activities.     

基于UDDI的Web服务平台研究

分析了软件复用及软件开发的现状,结合当前流行的Web服务技术提出了一种基于Web服务的软件开发新模式。基于UDDI的Web服务平台则是实现这种软件开发模式的基础,该服务平台充当不同软件开发者之间的中介,为这种协作式软件开发模式提供合作服务,并充分体现了软件就是服务的思想。     

基于重用方法的软件开发环境

软件重用方法是提高软件生产率和质量、缓解软件危机的重要手段 .实施该方法的关键是提供一个帮助开发者实现软件重用的支撑环境 .为此 ,我们在 SUN工作站上设计并实现了一个基于可重用性的软件开发环境 RSDE.本文介绍了该环境的设计、实现和特点     

Principled Modeling and Automatic Classification for Enhancing the Reusability of Problem Solving Methods of Expert Systems

Software reuse is widely believed to be a key to improving software productivity and quality in conventional software. In expert systems, much of the knowledge has been compiled (i.e., compressed and restricted into effective procedures) and this makes reusability difficult. One of the issues in modeling expert systems for enhanced reusability is capturing explicity the underlying problem solving designs. Principled knowledge representation schemes have been used to model components of complex software systems. However, the potential for applying these principled modeling techniques for explicitly capturing the problem solving designs of expert systems has not been fully explored. To overcome this omission, we use an Artificial Intelligence knowledge representation scheme for developing an ontology of the software components to facilitate their classification and retrieval. The application of our ontological approach is of both theoretical and practical significance. This method facilitates the reuse of high-level design. We illustrate the application of principled domain modeling using two real world applications of knowledge-based systems.     

Improving Domain-Specific Language Reuse with Software Product Line Techniques

Developing a domain-specific language (DSL) or a composition of DSLs to model a system concern, such as deploying and configuring software components to meet real-time scheduling constraints, is time consuming. Ideally, developers should be able to reuse DSLs and DSL compositions across projects to amortize development effort. Reusing DSLs is hard, however, because they're often designed to precisely describe a single domain or concern. A new approach uses techniques from software product lines (SPLs) to improve the reusability of a DSL, DSL composition, or supporting tool by providing traceability of language concepts to DSL design. A case study of four DSLs demonstrates the need for—and benefits of—applying SPL reuse techniques to DSLs.     

An empirical investigation on the reusability of design patterns and software packages

Nowadays open-source software communities are thriving. Successful open-source projects are competitive and the amount of source code that is freely available offers great reuse opportunities to software developers. Thus, it is expected that several requirements can be implemented based on open source software reuse. Additionally, design patterns, i.e. well-known solution to common design problems, are introduced as elements of reuse. This study attempts to empirically investigate the reusability of design patterns, classes and software packages. Thus, the results can help developers to identify the most beneficial starting points for white box reuse, which is quite popular among open source communities. In order to achieve this goal we conducted a case study on one hundred (100) open source projects. More specifically, we identified 27,461 classes that participate in design patterns and compared the reusability of each of these classes with the reusability of the pattern and the package that this class belongs to. In more than 40% of the cases investigated, design pattern based class selection, offers the most reusable starting point for white-box reuse. However there are several cases when package based selection might be preferable. The results suggest that each pattern has different level of reusability.     

Assessing the cost-effectiveness of software reuse: A model for planned reuse

Information systems development is typically acknowledged as an expensive and lengthy process, often producing code that is of uneven quality and difficult to maintain. Software reuse has been advocated as a means of revolutionizing this process. The claimed benefits from software reuse are reduction in development cost and time, improvement in software quality, increase in programmer productivity, and improvement in maintainability. Software reuse entails undeniable costs of creating, populating, and maintaining a library of reusable components. There is anecdotal evidence to suggest that some organizations benefit from reuse. However, many software developers practicing reuse claim these benefits without formal demonstration thereof. There is little research to suggest when the benefits are expected and to what extent they will be realized. For example, does a larger library of reusable components lead to increased savings? What is the impact of component size on the effectiveness of reuse? This research seeks to address some of these questions. It represents the first step in a series wherein the effects of software reuse on overall development effort and costs are modeled with a view to understanding when it is most effective.     

基于同态重用的软件开发系统

软件重用技术是解决当前软件危机的唯一手段，该文采用同态重用技术来实现软件开发各阶段的重用，在代码、组件到体系结构的各阶段实现同态重用，提供了一个基于同态重用的开发系统。该开发平台在保持一般开发过程的同时加入了同态重用的功能，提高了软件开发的重用程度，通过网页设计的同态重用实例说明了同态重用开发系统的基本思想。     

DSSRE：基于WWW的分布式软件重用支撑环境

软件重用被视为解决软件危机、提高软件生产率和质量的有效途径。传统的软件重用的活动仅限于机构或企业的内部,随着Internet应用的逐渐普及,WWW已经发展成为一个巨大的分布式信息空间,为用户提供了一个极具价值的信息源,也对软件重用技术产生了重大的影响。其跨平台、分布式的特点为软件重用的应用实践活动开辟了广阔的前景。文中提出了在WWW上开发软件重用环境的思想,并由此设计了DSSRE系统。该系统基于SSRE,并了一个分布式、面向对象的支持软件重用的开发环境。     

基于本体的特定领域软件体系结构设计的研究

随着软件重用技术的不断发展和成熟,软件重用已从代码级逐步提高到系统级,特定领域的软件体系结构设计是系统级软件重用的重要研究内容之一。为了进一步提高软件重用性和建立一个理想的软件体系结构,文中对特定领域软件体系结构、本体进行了基本分析,介绍了本体在特定领域软件体系结构设计中的应用研究,从而,提出了一个体系结构与实际应用相结合有效途径。     

Extending UML to model Web 2.0‐based context‐aware applications

Web 2.0 Mashups offer entirely new opportunities for context‐aware application (CAA) developers by integrating Web 2.0 technologies to facilitate interoperability among heterogeneous context‐aware systems. From a software engineering perspective, a visualized approach for Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling is crucial. Current CAA development, however, cannot provide a conceptual model for Web 2.0‐based CAA. Therefore, the development efficiency and potential for reuse are decreased. The UML is a general purpose modeling language with potential for use in many application domains. However, UML often lacks elements needed to model concepts in specific domains, such as Web 2.0‐based CAA modeling. To address the above issues, this study presents the Web 2.0‐based CAA UML profile, a UML profile for modeling Web 2.0‐based CAA. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工程量清单计价软件的可重用开发技术及应用

以工程量清单计价领域产品的开发为例，研究了重用开发技术在软件各开发阶段的应用，讨论了软件的领域重用和层次重用等方面的问题,实现了软件产品领域横向重用和软件开发过程中的纵向层次重用,提高了软件产品的可重用性、开发效率和质量。     

软件复用技术研究

软件复用是解决软件危机、提高软件生产效率和质量的现实可行的途径。该文着重软件复用的基本概念及软件复用的思想,研究了软件复用的过程及实现,分析和研究了软件复用所采用的软件构件技术中的关键技术。探讨了软件复用技术未来的发展趋势。     

软件复用度量综述

软件复用度量是软件复用技术中不可分割的一部分,在软件复用开发中占据重要地位。软件复用开发与传统的软件开发方式不同,从而影响到软件度量,因此需要新的软件复用度量方法,软件复用度量的研究已经引起学术界的广泛重视。本文是一篇软件复用度量综述,阐述了软件复用对度量的影响以及有关软件复用的度量。     

CORBA构件实现框架研究

构件技术已经发展成为软件复用的主流技术,CORBA构件模型是一种全新的服务器端构件模型,它鼓励通过构件组装来搭建应用系统,从而简化了CORBA应用程序的开发过程,提高了软件生产率和复用程度。该文在CORBA构件模型规范的基础上给出了一个实现框架,详细讨论了在该框架下CORBA构件的实现过程。     

Reuse-Conducive Development Environments

Despite its well-recognized benefits, software reuse has not met its expected success due to technical, cognitive, and social difficulties. We have systematically analyzed the reuse problem (especially the cognitive and social difficulties faced by software developers who reuse) from a multidimensional perspective, drawing on our long-term research on information retrieval, human-computer interaction, and knowledge-based systems. Based on this analysis, we propose the concept of reuse-conducive development environments, which encourage and enable software developers to reuse through the smooth integration of reuse repository systems and development environments. We have designed, implemented, and evaluated CodeBroker—a reuse-conducive development environment—that autonomously locates and delivers task-relevant and personalized components into the current software development environment. Empirical evaluations of CodeBroker have shown that the system is effective in promoting reuse by enabling software developers to reuse components unknown to them, reducing the difficulties in locating components, and augmenting the programming capability of software developers.     

面向对象与软件重用

软件重用是解决需求和可能这一矛盾，提高软件生产率和改善软件质量的重要手段。本文概述了面向过程的软件重用与面向对象的软件重用，旨在说明面向对象的特征更有利用软件重用，文章还介绍了可重用的Ｃ＋＋软件部件以及应用它们进行程序设计的过程。     

Ranking open source application integration frameworks based on maintainability metrics: A review of five-year evolution

Integration frameworks are specialized software tools built and adapted to facilitate the design and implementation of integration solutions. An integration solution allows for the reuse of applications from the software ecosystem of companies to support their business processes. There are several open-source integration frameworks available on the market designed to operate in a business context to manipulate structured data; however, increasingly, they are required to deal with unstructured and large volumes of data, thus requiring effort to adapt these frameworks to work with unstructured and large volume of data. Choosing the framework, which is the easiest to be adapted, is not a trivial task. In this article, we review the newest stable versions of four open-source integration frameworks by analyzing how they have evolved regarding their adaptive maintainability over five years. We rank them according to their maintainability degree and compare past and current versions of each framework. To encourage and enable researchers and developers to replicate our experiments, with the aim of verifying our findings, and to experiment with new versions of the integration frameworks analyzed, we detail the experimental protocol used while also having made all the required software involved available on the Web.     

Web service API recommendation for automated mashup creation using multi-objective evolutionary search

Modern software development builds on external Web services reuse as a promising way that allows developers delivering feature-rich software by composing existing Web service Application Programming Interfaces, known as APIs. With the overwhelming number of Web services that are available on the Internet, finding the appropriate Web services for automatic service composition, i.e., mashup creation, has become a time-consuming, difficult, and error-prone task for software designers and developers when done manually. To help developers, a number of approaches and techniques have been proposed to automatically recommend Web services. However, they mostly focus on recommending individual services. Nevertheless, in practice, service APIs are intended to be used together forming a social network between different APIs, thus should be recommended collectively. In this paper, we introduce a novel automated approach, called SerFinder, to recommend service sets for automatic mashup creation. We formulate the service set recommendation as a multi-objective combinatorial problem and use the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) as a search method to extract an optimal set of services to create a given mashup. We aim at guiding the search process towards generating the adequate compromise among three objectives to be optimized (i) maximize services historical co-usage, (ii) maximize services functional matching with the mashup requirements, and (iii) maximize services functional diversity. We perform a large-scale empirical experiment to evaluate SerFinder on a benchmark of real-world mashups and services. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of SerFinder in comparison with recent existing approaches for mashup creation and services recommendation. The statistical analysis results provide an empirical evidence that SerFinder, significantly outperforms four state-of-the-art widely-used multi-objective search-based algorithms as well as random search.