Nonlinear excitation controller design for power systems： an I＆I approach

The Immersion and Invariance(I&I) methodology provides a novel approach for nonlinear system control, which is distinct from the traditional feedback linearization and backstepping method.In this paper,a new excitation controller is designed for single machine infinite bus system(SMIBS) based on the I&I approach.Firstly the dynamic model of SMIBS is homeomorphously transformed to a specific form for which a stable lower-order target system is selected.Then the I&I excitation controller is designed by immersing the transformed system into the target system.Simulation results from PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate that the proposed controller guarantees transient stability of the system after large disturbances.     

新型增益调度变结构控制器的性能比较研究

为了提高变结构控制系统的控制效率,从节省控制能耗、消除颤振、快速进入滑动模态、获取稳定滑动模态等基本要求出发,将变结构控制器设计成具有增益调度控制器参数的增益调度变结构控制器,并提出了增益调度变结构控制器的设计方法.通过选择不同的调度变量、调度变量函数以及调度变量的变化范围,给出6种不同的增益调度变结构控制器,并进行了仿真研究,以比较其控制性能.     

Nonlinear control design for excitation controller and power system stabilizer

The paper focuses on the design of excitation controller and power system stabilizer (PSS) control schemes to enhance voltage regulation and transient stability. To design the excitation controller, the nonlinear models of the synchronous generator and electrical system are suitably arranged to give an input-output nonlinear model, which is subsequently made linear by a compensating law. The PSS control scheme is designed according to a new approach, based on the inverse system theory, which guarantees satisfactory swing damping by reducing the mutual influence between transient stability and voltage regulation. The results obtained by numerical simulations in different operating conditions confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design, also in the presence of model parameter inaccuracy.     

Chattering-free fuzzy variable structure control for multivariable nonlinear systems

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based variable structure control (VSC) with guaranteed stability for multivariable systems is presented. It is aimed at obtaining an improved performance of nonlinear multivariable systems. The main contribution of this work is firstly developing a generic matrix formulation of the FLC-VSC algorithm for nonlinear multivariable systems, with a special attention to non-zero final state. Secondly, ensuring the global stability of the controlled system. The multivariable nonlinear system is represented by T-S fuzzy model. The identification of the T-S model parameters has been improved using the well known weighting parameters approach to optimize local and global approximation and modeling capability of T-S fuzzy model. The main problem encountered is that T-S identification method cannot be applied when the membership functions (MFs) are overlapped by pairs. This in turn restricts the application of the T-S method because this type of membership function has been widely used in control applications. In order to overcome the chattering problem a switching function is added as an additional fuzzy variable and will be introduced in the premise part of the fuzzy rules together with the state variables. A two-link robot system and a mixing thermal system are chosen to evaluate the robustness, effectiveness, accuracy and remarkable performance of proposed FLC-VSC method.     

Nonlinear control of coal-fired steam power plants

This work proposes a nonlinear control strategy for steam power plants that efficiently controls the superheated steam temperature while accommodating large and frequent variations in power demand. The variables to be controlled are the pressure in the boiler, power generation, and superheater/reheater temperatures. The proposed strategy decomposes the overall plant into three separate subsystems and applies decoupling with deadtime compensation for each one of them. The derived strategy is implemented within a MATLAB/Simulink environment for different setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection cases, showing excellent performance and robustness.     

Variable structure controllers for unstable processes

A variable structure control (VSC) method for unstable industrial processes is proposed. The proposed control method is able to provide a highly satisfactory system performance and to tackle with robustness issues of the processes in the presence of uncertainties. An ITAE-based numerical tuning algorithm for acquiring optimal control parameters, and a direct auto-tuning mechanism for the proposed controller are also provided. The performance of the proposed VSC method is illustrated on some unstable process models including a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), in order to show its effectiveness, validity and feasibility.     

Structural analysis of fuzzy controllers with nonlinear input fuzzy sets in relation to nonlinear PID control with variable gains

The popular linear PID controller is mostly effective for linear or nearly linear control problems. Nonlinear PID controllers, however, are needed in order to satisfactorily control (highly) nonlinear plants, time-varying plants, or plants with significant time delay. This paper extends our previous papers in which we show rigorously that some fuzzy controllers are actually nonlinear PI, PD, and PID controllers with variable gains that can outperform their linear counterparts. In the present paper, we study the analytical structure of an important class of two- and three-dimensional fuzzy controllers. We link the entire class, as opposed to one controller at a time, to nonlinear PI, PD, and PID controllers with variable gains by establishing the conditions for the former to structurally become the latter. Unlike the results in the literature, which are exclusively for the fuzzy controllers using linear fuzzy sets for the input variables, this class of fuzzy controllers employs nonlinear input fuzzy sets of arbitrary types. Our structural results are thus more general and contain the existing ones as special cases. Two concrete examples are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the new results.     

Design of variable structure control for fuzzy nonlinear systems

In this paper, the variable structure control problem is presented for Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems with uncertainties and external disturbances. The sliding surfaces for the T–S fuzzy system are proposed by using a Lyapunov function and a fuzzy Lyapunov function, respectively. And we design the variable structure controllers such that the global T–S fuzzy system confined on the sliding surfaces is asymptotically stable. Two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.     

A family of robust adaptive excitation controllers for synchronous generators with steam valve via Hamiltonian function method

Using the Hamiltonian function method,this paper proposes a family of robust adaptive excitation controllers for synchronous generators with steam valve control.First,a parameterization method of robus...     

一种新型的滑模变结构增益调度控制器设计方法

研究影响一般滑动模态变结构控制性能的因素,并给出了根据切换函数选择滑动模态系数、边界层厚度以及控制器增益系数的一般要求．针对一类含参数不确定性的非线性系统,采用新型增益调度变结构控制策略进行控制,以切换函数作为调度变量对滑动模态系数、边界层厚度以及控制器增益系数进行调度,以提高滑动模态变结构控制系统的控制性能,抑制颤振,降低控制能耗．仿真算例验证了所提出控制策略的有效性．     

Robust covariance control for perturbed stochastic multivariable system via variable structure control

Based on the concept of variable structure control, this paper investigates the steady state covariance assignment problem for perturbed stochastic multivariable systems. By using the invariance property of variable structure systems, the matched perturbation of the system disappears on the sliding mode. With the aid of Ito-formula, the controller u(t) is proposed. Combining the sliding phase and hitting phase of the system design, the control feedback gain matrix G is derived to satisfy the steady state covariance assignment.     

一种离散变结构控制趋近律

提出一种符合高氏6个特点的离散变结构控制的趋近律.应用该趋近律设计的变结构控制系统,可保证系统在有限步到达准滑模带,系统运动最终趋于原点,并有降低抖动及保持快速趋近的品质.仿真结果说明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

On discrete-time variable structure sliding mode control

The purpose of this paper is to show the limitations of discrete-time variable structure sliding mode control and that the equivalent control must be used in order to have sliding in a neighborhood of the switching surface. Conflicting requirements for the sliding mode controller behavior in the continuous and discrete-time domains are revealed and analyzed. A linear control law for an uncertain discrete-time linear plant, with bounded uncertainties, is analyzed and its superiority over nonlinear controllers is demonstrated. The conclusion of the obtained results is that in the discrete-time variable structure sliding mode controller design, unlike in the continuous-time, the designer may have limited flexibility in selecting controller architectures.     

离散不确定系统预估+ 步长修正变结构控制

在现有文献的基础上，给出一种预估＋步长修正的离散变结构控制律设计方法，该方法可用于离散时间不确定系统变结构控制，有效地抑制切换函数的发散振荡，克服现有方法中条件限制过程的缺点，仿真结果表明，该方法具有收敛性好，抖振小，鲁棒性强的优点。     

A variable structure MRAC with expected transient and steady-state performance

A new output feedback variable structure model reference adaptive control (VS-MRAC) scheme is proposed in this paper for uncertain plants with relative degree one. The scheme is based on the existing VS-MRAC structure together with a high gain switching mechanism to adjust the variable structure control signal. The main features of the scheme are that (1) the pre-specified transient and steady-state performance specifications for tracking error can be guaranteed, (2) it does not require the plant high frequency gain sign to be known a priori, (3) the usual assumption for MRAC system that the reference model is strictly positive real (SPR) is not needed and (4) the plant input disturbance, which is assumed to be unknown but bounded, can be completely rejected.     

Nonlinear average passivity and stabilizing controllers in discrete time

A novel notion of average passivity is proposed. On this basis, Passivity Based Controllers-PBC-such as the discrete-time versions of the well-known continuous-time negative output feedback and L_gV controllers, are introduced and discussed.     

活套系统的神经网络离散变结构控制

针对带钢热连轧中活套系统的解耦控制问题,提出了神经网络交结构多变量解耦控制方法.通过将活套高 度和张力复合控制系统看成高度和张力两个独立的控制系统,将二者的耦合关系当作扰动来处理,根据全阶滑模交 结构控制理论,分别对这两个系统设计控制器.利用两个径向基神经网络来保证滑态可达条件的满足.最后用 Matlab对活套多变量耦合控制系统进行仿真研究,结果表明解耦后的活套控制系统可获得更好的控制效果.     

一种离散时间系统变结构控制的新方法

研究离散时间系统变结构控制问题,提出一种新的离散变结构趋近律.利用该趋近律设计的离散变结构控制器,不仅能大幅度削弱抖振,使系统运动最终趋干原点不存在稳态振荡,而且可使系统的准滑动模态保持步步穿越切换面的基本属性,有效地改善了控制品质,提高了系统的鲁棒性.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性与合理性.     

双馈感应风力发电机组的非线性变结构空载并网控制策略

采用矢量控制结合PI控制来实现双馈感应发电机并网时,电机的各种磁链以及电压电流交叉耦合补偿部分都会降低电网电压跟踪的速度,使动态响应性能不够理想,令超调量增大.本文采用变结构控制与全状态反馈线性化解耦相结合的控制策略,来控制双馈感应发电机组的空载并网过程.在MATLAB仿真模型基础上,从空载并网时发电机定子电压对电网电压的跟踪、并网过渡过程中定转子电流变化情况,和并网后功率调节和最大风能捕获这3个阶段进行了仿真分析.最后将非线性变结构控制器与传统矢量控制外加PI调节控制的仿真结果进行了对比分析.结果表明,采用全状态反馈线性化变结构控制的双馈感应风力发电机组,可以实现发电机的平滑并网,并网效果较好,定子电流对电网冲击小,转子电流实现比较平稳的过渡.并网后,发电机能够有效地进行最大风能捕获,实现变速恒频发电和有功、无功功率的独立调节控制.通过与传统矢量控制的比较分析,可以看出,双馈感应风力发电机组采用状态反馈精确线性化变结构控制器比传统矢量PI控制器对电网电压跟踪速度更快,动态响应更快速、调节时间和超调量更小.     

Asymptotic linearization of uncertain systems by variable structure control

A nonlinear control system with uncertain dynamics described by a single ordinary differential equation with scalar control and available state is given. Based on knowledge of upper and lower estimates of the unknown dynamics, we show that the system can be transformed to an asymptotically equivalent linear model (arbitrarily fixed) described by a single linear ordinary differential equation of the same order, by using an (explicitly described) discontinuous feedback control law of variable structure type.The linear behaviour is obtained up to an (arbitrarily fast) exponentially decaying error term.