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1.
研究一种基于多人纯策略非合作博弈的演化优化算法,可用于一类组合优化问题的求解.该算法的演化过程可建模为一个马尔科夫链模型.它将组合优化问题映射为多人非合作博弈,通过博弈主体的理性行为对问题的解进行优化.给出定义良好并可供扩展的算法框架,明确算法的要素所必须满足的3个约束:有限性约束、弱一致性约束和收敛性约束,并应用于若干典型NP-Hard的组合优化问题的求解.理论和实验结果表明,与一些传统优化算法相比,本算法在实际应用中具有良好的问题求解能力.  相似文献   

2.
约束满足问题是人工智能中一个重要的研究方向,近年来,对动态变化的约束满足问题的研究逐渐成为该领域的热点.在目前该领域最流行的LC算法基础上,引入禁忌搜索策略,提出了一个基于最小冲突修补的算法Tabu_LC.算法在每次冲突调整时将所有冲突变量看成一个整体,并采用分支定界搜索策略求解冲突变量组成的子问题,极大地提高了求解效率.同时,在约束求解系统"明月1.0"架构下给出了算法的具体实现,并针对大量随机问题进行了对比实验.结果表明,Tabu_LC算法在求解效率和解的质量上都明显优于LC算法.  相似文献   

3.
现代战争条件下,装备综合保障目标和约束的复杂度急剧增加,采用传统方法所建立的问题模型往往求解困难,而且不易于理解和维护.提出了一个基于Multi-Agent的装备保障决策支持系统,可实现复杂保障问题的规约、求解、组合、划分、反馈和动态控制,并给出了一个应用该系统进行保障规划问题求解的实例.系统采用基于Agent构件的分布式体系结构,高层Agent可由低层Agent组装而成.系统顶层使用了7类Agent,其中Decision-Maker和Solver进一步采用了基于Multi-Agent的A-Team框架来实现保障任务控制和问题求解,有效地提高了问题求解的效率和可靠性.  相似文献   

4.
约束满足问题是人工智能领域中最基本的NP完全问题之一。多年来,随着约束满足问题的深入研究,国内外学者提出多种实例模型。其中,RB模型是一种能生成具有精确相变的增长域约束满足问题实例,其求解难度极具挑战性。为了寻找其求解的新型高效算法,促进约束可满足问题的RB模型求解算法领域的研究,首先从约束满足问题的模型发展、求解技术进行分析;其次,对各类求解RB模型实例算法进行梳理,将求解的算法文献划分为回溯启发式类、信息传播类和元启发式类相关改进算法,从算法原理、改进策略、收敛性和精确度等方面进行对比综述;最后给出求解RB模型实例算法的研究趋势和发展方向。  相似文献   

5.
针对权限系统中存在角色授权策略单一和授权冲突的问题,设计IPC_URBAC模型,在RBAC模型的基础上增加继承约束的用户直接授权机制和优先约束的用户角色分配机制,提出基于个体和优先的授权冲突解决策略,并给出用户权限和角色权限的求解算法。运用IPC_URBAC,构造二进制授权掩码进行复杂权限设置,应用Web Service完成细粒度权限检查,达到权限与业务的剥离,实现一种与业务无关的柔性授权系统。  相似文献   

6.
王强  刘磊  吕帅 《软件学报》2018,29(11):3517-3527
#SAT在人工智能领域取得了广泛应用,很多现实问题可以规约成#SAT进行求解,得到命题理论的模型个数.通过对基于扩展规则的#SAT求解器的深入研究,发现选择规约子句的顺序对极大项空间的大小有着较大的影响,因此提出两种加速#SAT求解的启发式策略:MW和LC&MW.MW每次选择具有最大权值的子句作为规约子句;LC&MW每次选择最长子句作为规约子句,若最长子句存在多个,则在多个最长子句中选择具有最大权值的子句作为规约子句.利用MW策略设计了算法CER_MW,利用LC&MW策略设计了算法CER_LC&MW.实验结果表明,CER_MW和CER_LC&MW相对于先前的#SAT求解算法在求解效率和求解能力上都有显著的提高.在求解效率方面,CER_MW和CER_LC&MW的求解速度是其他算法的1.4倍~100倍.在求解能力方面,CER_MW和CER_LC&MW在限定时间内可解的测试用例更多.  相似文献   

7.
对基于覆盖网络模型的跨领域的组合服务优化问题进行了深入研究。首先考虑到跨领域策略路由的影响因素,将跨领域组合服务优化问题建模为带有功能约束和多QoS约束的多目标优化问题。然后利用层次算法和蚁群算法求解,先利用层次模型解决功能约束中的服务次序问题,再用改进的蚁群算法在层次模型中求出最优解集。仿真实验表明,随着进化代数的递增,非支配解在解集空间中呈均匀分布状态,说明求解算法的性能较好,跨领域组合服务优化策略具有可行性。  相似文献   

8.
结合低维运动模型和逆运动学的风格化人体运动合成   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
如何得到满足用户指定约束的风格化运动是近年来计算机动画领域的研究难点,针对这个问题,提出一个基于独立特征子空间的低维运动模型,该模型可以较好地参数化运动风格,并在此基础上提出了一种合成满足约束的风格化人体运动的算法.该算法在低维空间中求解反向运动学问题,并在风格子空间中响应用户输入的风格参数,使用户可以在指定关键帧末端约束的同时对风格进行编辑.实验结果表明:文中算法效率高,具有良好的交互性,能够用于动画的交互式编辑和与合成.  相似文献   

9.
为了有效求解约束优化问题,提出一种改进人工蜂群算法。该算法引入Pareto支配准则提高算法探索能力,避免算法早熟。在雇佣蜂阶段,通过识别种群当前状态自适应选取搜索方程与约束处理策略,引导种群快速进入可行区域。在跟随蜂阶段,利用全局最优解引导种群进行搜索,提高算法开发能力。通过对CEC 2006中20个测试函数实验结果分析表明,该算法能够有效求解约束优化问题。进而,将该算法应用于求解投资组合优化问题,通过数值实验说明该算法是求解投资组合优化问题的有效算法,可以用于求解此类金融问题。  相似文献   

10.
布局优化问题是工程应用中普遍存在的一种组合优化问题,属于NP完备问题。针对布局优化问题,将差异演化算法和郭涛算法融入文化算法的框架,利用正交设计方法初始化种群,提出了一种正交文化算法。通过对一个带约束的和一个较大规模的不带约束的布局优化问题进行性能比较,验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

11.
Many real world problems have requirements and constraints which conflict with each other. One approach for dealing with such over-constrained problems is with constraint hierarchies. In the constraint hierarchy framework, constraints are classified into ranks, and appropriate solutions are selected using a comparator which takes into account the constraints and their ranks. In this paper, we present a local search solution to solving hierarchical constraint problems over finite domains (HCPs). This is an extension of local search for over-constrained integer programs WSAT(OIP) to constraint hierarchies and general finite domain constraints. The motivation for this work arose from solving large airport gate allocation problems. We show how gate allocation problems can be formulated as HCPs using typical gate allocation constraints. Using the gate allocation benchmarks, we investigate how constraint heirarchy selection strategies and the problem formulation using two models: a 0–1 linear constraint hierarchy model and a nonlinear finite domain constraint hierarchy model.  相似文献   

12.
Constrained optimum tree (COT) and constrained optimum path (COP) problems arise in many real-life applications and are ubiquitous in communication networks. They have been traditionally approached by dedicated algorithms, which are often hard to extend with side constraints and to apply widely. This paper proposes a constraint-based local search framework for COT/COP applications, bringing the compositionality, reuse, and extensibility at the core of constraint-based local search and constraint programming systems. The modeling contribution is the ability to express compositional models for various COT/COP applications at a high level of abstraction, while cleanly separating the model and the search procedure. The main technical contribution is a connected neighborhood based on rooted spanning trees to find high-quality solutions to COP problems. This framework is applied to some COT/COP problems, e.g., the quorumcast routing problem, the edge-disjoint paths problem, and the routing and wavelength assignment with delay side constraints problem. Computational results show the potential importance of the approach.  相似文献   

13.
李哲  于哲舟  李占山 《软件学报》2023,34(9):4153-4166
约束规划(constraint programming, CP)是表示和求解组合问题的经典范式之一.扩展约束(extensional constraint)或称表约束(table constraint)是约束规划中最为常见的约束类型.绝大多数约束规划问题都可以用表约束表达.在问题求解时,相容性算法用于缩减搜索空间.目前,最为高效的表约束相容性算法是简单表约缩减(simple table reduction, STR)算法簇,如Compact-Table (CT)和STRbit算法.它们在搜索过程中维持广义弧相容(generalized arc consistency, GAC).此外,完全成对相容性(full pairwise consistency, fPWC)是一种比GAC剪枝能力更强的相容性.最为高效的维持fPWC算法是PW-CT算法.多年来,人们提出了多种表约束相容性算法来提高剪枝能力和执行效率.因子分解编码(factor-decomposition encoding, FDE)通过对平凡问题重新编码.它一定程度地扩大了问题模型,使在新的问题上维持相对较弱的GAC等价于在原问题...  相似文献   

14.
We study the weighted circuit constraint in the context of constraint programming. It appears as a substructure in many practical applications, particularly routing problems. We propose a domain filtering algorithm for the weighted circuit constraint that is based on the 1-tree relaxation of Held and Karp. In addition, we study domain filtering based on an additive bounding procedure that combines the 1-tree relaxation with the assignment problem relaxation. Experimental results on Traveling Salesman Problem instances demonstrate that our filtering algorithms can dramatically reduce the problem size. In particular, the search tree size and solving time can be reduced by several orders of magnitude, compared to existing constraint programming approaches. Moreover, for medium-size problem instances, our method is competitive with the state-of-the-art special-purpose TSP solver Concorde.  相似文献   

15.
多约束排序问题是生产调度中常遇到的问题,传统的优化模型及方法在适应约束改变等方面存在诸多不足。鉴于此,将多约束排序问题定义为约束满足问题,系统设计时将模型定义与求解算法分离,利用约束规划平台的基本约束构建特定领域的抽象约束库,形成可重构的多约束排序问题通用求解框架。应用时,根据问题需求不同可利用抽象约束库快速重构优化模型,针对重构的优化模型配置相应的求解算法即可实现问题求解。应用结果表明,提出的方法通用性强,可满足实际应用的要求。  相似文献   

16.
17.
Constraint hierarchies provide a framework for soft constraints, and have been applied to areas such as artificial intelligence, logic programming, and user interfaces. In this framework, constraints are associated with hierarchical preferences or priorities called strengths, and may be relaxed if they conflict with stronger constraints. To utilize constraint hierarchies, researchers have designed and implemented various practical constraint satisfaction algorithms. Although existing algorithms can be categorized into several approaches, what kinds of algorithms are possible has been unclear from a more general viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a novel theory called generalized local propagation as a foundation of algorithms for solving constraint hierarchies. This theory formalizes a way to express algorithms as constraint scheduling, and presents theorems that support possible approaches. A benefit of this theory is that it covers algorithms using constraint hierarchy solution criteria known as global comparators, for which only a small number of algorithms have been implemented. With this theory, we provide a new classification of solution criteria based on their difficulties in constraint satisfaction. We also discuss how existing algorithms are related to our theory, which will be helpful in designing new algorithms.  相似文献   

18.
Presents a framework for efficiently solving logic formulations of combinatorial optimization problems using heuristic search techniques. In order to integrate cost, lower-bound and upper-bound specifications with conventional logic programming languages, we augment a constraint logic programming (CLP) language with embedded constructs for specifying the cost function and with a few higher-order predicates for specifying the lower and upper bound functions. We illustrate how this simple extension vastly enhances the ease with which optimization problems involving combinations of Min and Max can be specified in the extended language CLP* and we show that CSLDNF (Constraint SLD resolution with Negation as Failure) resolution schemes are not efficient for solving optimization problems specified in this language. Therefore, we describe how any problem specified using CLP* can be converted into an implicit AND/OR graph, and present an algorithm called GenSolve which can branch-and-bound using upper and lower bound estimates, thus exploiting the full pruning power of heuristic search techniques. A technical analysis of GenSolve is provided. We also provide experimental results comparing various control strategies for solving CLP* programs  相似文献   

19.
This paper describes the design of the Abstract Library for Parallel Search (ALPS), a framework for implementing scalable, parallel algorithms based on tree search. ALPS is specifically designed to support data-intensive algorithms, in which large amounts of data are required to describe each node in the search tree. Implementing such algorithms in a scalable manner is challenging both because of data storage requirements and communication overhead. ALPS incorporates a number of new ideas to address this challenge. The paper also describes the design of two other libraries forming a hierarchy built on top of ALPS. The first is the Branch, Constrain, and Price Software (BiCePS) library, a framework that supports the implementation of parallel branch and bound algorithms in which the bounds are obtained by solving some sort of relaxation, usually Lagrangian. In this layer, the notion of global data objects associated with the variables and constraints is introduced. These global objects provide a connection between the various subproblems in the search tree, but they pose further difficulties for designing scalable algorithms. The other library is the BiCePS linear integer solver (BLIS), a concretization of BiCePS, in which linear programming is used to obtain bounds in each search tree node.  相似文献   

20.
该文涉及的约束逻辑程序设计(CLP)是一在二叉树上进行搜索的过程,提高搜索效率是CLP的主要研究方向之一。在CLP中约束推理机是核心,由变量组、约束过滤器、临时容器、推理引擎组成。在介绍了约束推理机激活过滤器,对变量进行区间压缩后,提出引入变量事件,总结为三种类型:SINGLE、BOUND和DOMCHG,用于减少过滤器的激发次数。实验结果表明,变量事件能够促进约束推理机的搜索效率,缩短二叉树搜索的时间,可以更快寻找到答案。  相似文献   

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