喀斯特城市地表温度遥感反演算法比较

针对喀斯特城市快速扩展所引发的热环境问题,提出喀斯特山峰混合像元比辐射率估算方法,使Landsat 8遥感数据的地表温度反演算法适用于喀斯特城市,利用5种单通道算法和劈窗算法反演地表温度,分析反演精度和敏感性因子。结果表明:在我国南方喀斯特地区大气水分含量较高的情况下,单通道算法比劈窗算法精度更高,Jimenez单通道算法(JSC)和覃志豪单窗算法(QMW)更适用于喀斯特城市地表温度反演,反演值和实测值的误差在1.0℃内。反演地表温度的统计值以JSC算法与QMW算法相近,平均值的差值为0.26℃,标准差的差值为0.01℃,建筑和裸岩温度平均值的差值分别为0.43℃和0.54℃,高于水体和茂密植被;Jimenez劈窗算法与Rozenstein劈窗算法相近,平均值的差值为1.14℃,标准差的差值为0.19℃;Weng单通道算法在劈窗算法与JSC和QMW算法之间。各算法对比辐射率ε较敏感,ε每增加0.01,地表温度反演值误差增加0.4～0.7℃;除QMW算法反演值随近地面气温每增加1.0℃而引入近0.5℃误差外,各算法对近地面气温、大气总水分含量、大气透射率的敏感性相对较低。研究结果可为喀斯特城市热环境监测提供科学依据。     

基于Landsat-5 TM数据的河南省白沙灌区地表温度反演研究

地表温度是土壤水分和植被水分状态的指示计,在干旱遥感监测中有重要作用。应用Landsat-5 TM遥感数据和气象资料,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)区分地表覆盖类型,采用Van de Griend的经验公式法结合典型地表赋值法计算出地表比辐射率。用单窗算法和单通道算法分别对河南省白沙灌区地表温度进行反演,结果表明:两种方法均能较好地将白沙灌区地表温度分布趋势反映出来,单窗算法的反演精度较高,绝对误差为1.1 ℃,更适宜白沙灌区的地表温度反演,进而可以提高灌区旱情遥感监测精度。     

基于改进SURF算法的柔性装夹机器人快速工件匹配方法

针对传统SURF算法在构建局部特征描述符时耗时较长,无法满足实时性要求的问题,提出了一种改进的SURF算法。首先,运用Hession矩阵行列式（DoH）检测图像中的关键点,并利用非极大值抑制法和插值运算搜索、定位极值点;其次,采用灰度质心法确定关键点的主方向;然后,采用二进制描述符BRIEF对关键点进行描述,并利用关键点的主方向构造带有方向的特征描述符,使其具有旋转不变性;最后,运用汉明距离初步确定匹配点,再用比率检测法和RANSAC算法去除误匹配点,进而获取精准配准。实验结果表明,该改进SURF算法在应用于机器人进行柔性装夹时,对工件图像的平均匹配时间由SURF算法的214.10 ms减少到86.29 ms;而且匹配精度方面比原SURF算法提高了2.6%,因此,所提算法能够有效提高柔性装夹机器人工件图像的匹配速度和匹配精度。     

光刻调焦调平测量系统算法比较研究

调焦调平测量系统是光刻机对焦控制的核心部件,调焦调平测量系统的数据处理精度影响光刻机的对焦控制性能,计算速度影响光刻机产能。论文通过仿真与实验对比分析了多项式拟合算法(polynomial fitting)、RF(random forest)算法和XGBoost(extreme gradient boosting)算法在调焦调平测量系统中的测量精度与计算耗时。仿真与实验结果表明,多项式拟合算法精度随时间变化不敏感,RF算法和XGBoost算法精度随计算时间的增加而迅速提升。对于不存在噪声的仿真数据,7阶多项式拟合的3σ值为0.001nm;RF算法在2ms时可对仿真数据完全拟合;XFBoost算法在5ms时,拟合精度基本趋于稳定,为0.6nm。对于存在噪声的实验数据,RF算法与XGBoost算法对噪声有较好的鲁棒性,随计算时间的增加,RF算法与XGBoost算法拟合精度不断提升并分别于3ms和5ms超越多项式拟合算法,但精度提升有限。在光刻机中,为了兼顾对焦精度和产能,必须兼顾算法的拟合精度与拟合时间,因此调焦调平测量系统选用多项式拟合算法较为合适。     

远红外电地暖温控器的设计与测温算法的研究

为了更好地控制远红外电地暖系统工作,在普通温控器基础上进行了一定的优化,设计出了一款智能温控器,并详细地介绍了硬件和软件设计方案;它采用了AVR单片机和NTC热敏电阻温度探头,在硬件上对按键电路和电源控制电路做了一定改进,提高了温控器的可靠性和节能性;在软件上采用了中位值滤波法和防脉冲干扰值滤波法两者结合的算法,取得了良好的滤波效果,并利用线性补偿法有效地保证了在宽范围的高测温精度;经过实验分析,在10~60℃温度范围内,测量精度为1℃,完全可以满足实际要求。     

基于MODIS数据的湖面温度反演算法精度对比研究——以太湖为例

以MODIS(Terra)影像数据为数据源,对比了不同分裂窗算法反演2012年太湖湖泊表面温度结果,并通过太湖水环境自动监测站网实测数据与不同算法结果进行了精度对比分析.结果表明,MODIS地表温度产品(Version 5)和覃志豪算法产品所反演的太湖表面温度精度都很高,其与实测数据的均方根误差分别为1.189℃和0.987℃.在综合数据获取、处理和适用性的基础上,研究认为,在水文、气象和生态等科学研究中可以直接利用MODIS地表温度产品(Version 5)来获取太湖地区的湖泊表面水温.     

酉变换步进搜索求根MUSIC算法的研究与仿真

求根MUSIC算法具有比基本MUSIC算法更好的性能.但其实现难度极大而基本MUSIC算法的计算量很大,时延较长.酉变换步进搜索求根MUSIC算法依据求根MUSIC算法的原理采用步进搜索的方法,将摹本MUSIC算法的复对称矩阵分解转化为实对称矩阵分解,并将复数域的矩阵计算转化为复数域的只有乘法和加法的多项式运算,从而大大降低算法的计算量和实现难度.在matlab上的仿真也表明:酉变换步进搜索求根MUSIC算法是一种实现容易,计算量较小,效果较好的一种DOA估计方法.     

基于动态感兴趣区域车道线分段拟合算法

提出实时视频中基于动态感兴趣区域及分段拟合的车道线的检测算法,动态调整感兴趣区域(ROI),缩小处理空间。采用大津算法(OTSU)动态提取感兴趣区域灰度阈值,并将该值作为多梯度Sobel边缘检测中的灰度阈值以提高边缘检测精度,利用改进的并行快速细化算法骨架化边缘图像,利用基于广度优先最短路径算法去除毛刺,最后再将图像划分近景和远景区域。在不同区域,采用直线或者曲线分段拟合,提高拟合精度。模拟实验结果表明,背景不太复杂时,一帧图像处理时间约为15ms;而背景较复杂时,处理时间约为35ms,能满足实时性。     

基于强度转移法的模糊温控系统的设计

本文利用模糊推理的强度转移法设计了一类恒温烤箱控制系统.首先,以烤箱温度为控制对象,以AT89C51单片机、Pt100、MOC3041,以及可控硅BTA06等主要器件设计了硬件系统.然后,详细地给出了强度转移法的算法步骤.最后,对算法进行编程,并连结各硬件部分,通过LED显示电路检测控制器实际的效果.测试结果表明,该控制系统的上升时间约380秒,温度超调仅为0.2℃,并且温度在期望值处的波动范围小于±0.3℃.     

利用线性插值算法的高精度水膜厚度传感器的研究

针对路面水膜厚度传感器的温漂问题,提出了一种利用双线性插值算法的高精度水膜厚度测量器。该算法通过双线性插值和最小二乘法相结合的方式,实现了对水膜厚度传感器输出温漂的有效补偿,极大改善了测量误差,显著提高了测量精度。实测结果显示,温度为10℃ 、20℃、30℃、50 ℃时,水膜厚度在0 ~ 4mm范围内的绝对误差均在0.2mm之内,在4mm~ 8mm范围内的绝对误差均在0.5mm以内,展现出宽温度范围内的高精度特点。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate