基于Gabor小波和属性约简的人脸识别

人脸识别方法易受光照、姿态和表情变化的影响,针对这一问题,提出了一种基于Gabor小波和粗糙集属性约简的人脸识别方法。该方法先对人脸图像进行Gabor小波变换,将小波变换的系数作为人脸图像的特征向量;然后结合信息论中信息熵与互信息的概念定义了粗糙集里的一种新的属性重要度,并以此属性重要度为启发式信息进行约简数据集,从而对所得的人脸图像特征进行降维,并采用支持向量机进行分类。实验结果表明,该算法降低了支持向量机分类器的复杂度,有较好的识别性能。     

一种新的特征提取方法

针对影像分类识别中,属性特征过多不但会造成维数灾难,而且会影响分类精度的问题,该文采用基于Relief-F算法的主成分分析(PCA)变换特征提取方法解决特征降维问题。首先采用Relief-F算法进行特征选择,剔除无效特征;然后进行PCA变换减少特征之间的相关性,降低特征维数。定量分析与实验结果表明:Relief-F算法进行特征选择,能有效提高分类精度;进行PCA变换后,进一步降低了特征的维度;Relief-F算法与PCA变换相结合能实现较好的实验效果。     

小波变换在油气预测中的应用研究

通过对小波变换算法的研究,实现了小波油气预测算法.首先对给定的数据进行小波特征参数的提取;其次进行小波参数值的分析和比较,优选油气识别之用的小波特征参数;然后进行小波特征参数的综合,并根据已知井位的油气属性,确定归类的门阀值.     

基于改进遗传模拟退火 K-means的心电波形的分类研究

针对心电图自动诊断困难这一问题,提出了一种新的聚类算法：基于均方差属性加权的遗传模拟退火K-means改进聚类算法,用于改进心电图（ECG）信号的自动识别技术。利用小波变换的多分辨率和抗干扰能力好的特点,检测QRS波、P波、T波,提高了特征检测的准确性;利用聚类分析具有较好的鲁棒性和适合于大数据量分析的特点,对心电信号进行波形分类。采用MIT-BIH标准心电数据库中的部分数据对识别结果进行判断,改进后的K-means聚类算法的准确率高于传统的K-means聚类算法,实验表明该算法对心电信号可以进行有效分类。     

基于变精度覆盖粗糙集的入侵检测方法

精准且快速地识别异常用户行为是入侵检测系统（IDS）的重要任务。针对入侵检测数据维度高、样本量大的问题,提出了基于变精度覆盖粗糙集的相关族属性约简方法,并将其运用至入侵检测数据中。首先,基于覆盖决策表生成条件属性的变精度相关族;然后,在所有条件属性变精度相关族的基础上利用启发式算法求得决策表的属性约简;最后,在上述的基础上结合分类器对入侵检测数据进行检测。实验结果表明,所提方法具有计算属性约简时间短的优点,在大样本数据集上,基于模糊粗糙集依赖度的属性约简算法NFRS运行所需时长为该算法的96倍。在入侵检测数据集NSL-KDD上,该方法可快速识别关键属性,剔除无效信息,其整体准确率可达到90.53%,且对Normal的识别准确率可达到97%。     

基于RS和DWT—IOSVM的模拟电路故障诊断

针对以往故障诊断模型往往忽略故障数据中存在的大量无关和冗余信息以及故障诊断精度不高的缺点,设计了一种基于粗糙集(Rough Set,RS)和离散小波变换(Discrete Wavelet transform,DWT)一支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)的模拟电路故障诊断方法;首先,采用离散小波变换获取电路故障诊断特征向量以去除无关信息;然后通过基于RS属性出现频率的差别矩阵算法对特征向量进行属性约简以消除冗余属性;最后,建立多分类的SVM对电路进行分类以实现故障诊断,为了进一步提高故障诊断精度,采用改进免疫优化算法(Immune Optimizing Algorism,IOA)对SVM核函数的各参数进行优化;仿真实验表明,文中方法能有效实现电路的故障诊断,与其它方法相比,故障精度高达100%,是一种有效的电路诊断方法。     

一种基于粗糙集文本自动分类的改进算法

自动文本分类的效果在很大程度上依赖于属性特征的选择。针对传统基于频率阈值过滤的特征选择方法会导致有效信息丢失,影响分类精度的不足,提出了一种基于粗糙集的文本自动分类算法。该方法对加权后的特征属性进行离散化,建立一个决策表;根据基于依赖度的属性重要度对决策表中条件属性进行适当的筛选;采用基于条件信息熵的启发式算法实现文本属性特征的约简。实验结果表明,该方法能约简大量冗余的特征属性,在不降低分类精度的同时,提高文本分类的运行效率。     

基于小波变换和SVM的心电早搏信号识别

对心电信号的实时、准确识别在临床上具有重要意义。研究基于小波变换自动识别室性早搏(PVC)和房性早搏(APB)的方法,首先对信号进行Marr小波变换并提取信号在小波域上的特征参数,构建时频域特征向量,然后使用径向基核SVM进行训练,研究模型参数的选取对训练结果的影响。使用MIT-BIH心电数据库中的数据进行测试,结果表明:在小样本的情况下,建立的模型对正常心电、房性早搏和室性早搏的识别具有较高的准确率。     

基于代价敏感和近似分类质量的决策粗糙集属性约简研究

针对决策粗糙集属性约简在引入代价后分类精度不高的问题,对其中代价敏感与分类精度的平衡进行了研究。将分类总代价和近似分类质量作为属性约简过程中的约束条件,结合模拟退火方法,提出了一个基于代价敏感和近似分类质量的决策粗糙集属性约简（ARACOQ）算法。利用UCI数据集对算法进行了模拟实验,实验结果验证了ARACOQ算法的有效性,该算法能够在可承受代价范围内找到一个分类精度最高的属性约简集。     

基于近似决策熵的属性约简

粗糙集理论已被证明是一种有效的属性约简方法. 目前有许多启发式属性约简算法已被提出, 其中基于信息熵的属性约简算法受到了广泛的关注. 为此, 针对现有的基于信息熵的属性约简算法问题, 定义一种新的信息熵模型—–近似决策熵, 并提出一种基于近似决策熵的属性约简(ADEAR) 算法. 通过在多个UCI 数据集上的实验表明, 与现有算法相比, ADEAR算法能够获得较小的约简和较高的分类精度, 具有相对较低的计算开销.     

Dictionary learning for VQ feature extraction in ECG beats classification

Vector quantization(VQ) can perform efficient feature extraction from electrocardiogram (ECG) with the advantages of dimensionality reduction and accuracy increase. However, the existing dictionary learning algorithms for vector quantization are sensitive to dirty data, which compromises the classification accuracy. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel dictionary learning algorithm that employs k-medoids cluster optimized by k-means++ and builds dictionaries by searching and using representative samples, which can avoid the interference of dirty data, and thus boost the classification performance of ECG systems based on vector quantization features. We apply our algorithm to vector quantization feature extraction for ECG beats classification, and compare it with popular features such as sampling point feature, fast Fourier transform feature, discrete wavelet transform feature, and with our previous beats vector quantization feature. The results show that the proposed method yields the highest accuracy and is capable of reducing the computational complexity of ECG beats classification system. The proposed dictionary learning algorithm provides more efficient encoding for ECG beats, and can improve ECG classification systems based on encoded feature.     

Detection of electrocardiogram signals using an efficient method

Automatic detection of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is very important for clinical diagnosis of heart disease. This paper investigates the design of a three-step system for recognition of the five types of ECG beat. In the first step, stationary wavelet transform (SWT) is used for noise reduction of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Feature extraction module extracts higher order statistics of ECG signals in combination with three timing interval features. Then hybrid Bees algorithm-radial basis function (RBF_BA) technique is used to classify the five types of electrocardiogram (ECG) beat. The suggested method can accurately classify and discriminate normal (Normal) and abnormal heartbeats. Abnormal heartbeats include left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB), atrial premature contractions (APC) and premature ventricular contractions (PVC). Finally, the classification capability of five different classes of ECG signals is attained over eight files from the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database. Simulation results show that classification accuracy of 95.79% for the first dataset (4000 beats) and an overall accuracy of detection of 95.18% are achieved over eight files from the MIT/BIH arrhythmia database.     

采用S变换特征选择方法的心律失常分类

针对短时傅里叶变换与小波变换对心电图（Electrocardiogram,ECG）信号特征提取不足以及心律失常识别困难的问题,提出了一种基于S变换特征选择的心律失常分类算法。首先对ECG信号进行S变换,并从幅值和相位两个角度提取ECG信号的时频特征,与形态特征和RR间隔组成原始特征向量。然后将遗传算法与支持向量机（Support vector machine,SVM）结合组成Wrapper式特征选择方法,并在其中融入ReliefF算法,即采用ReliefF算法计算特征权重,并根据特征权重大小来指导遗传算法种群初始化,遗传算法以SVM的分类性能作为适应度函数来搜索特征子集。最后使用"一对多"（One against all,OAA）SVM对MIT-BIH心律失常数据库8种类型心拍进行分类。实验结果表明,该算法达到了较好的分类效果,灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为96.14%,99.75%和99.81%。     

An expert system for automated recognition of patients with obstructive sleep apnea using electrocardiogram recordings

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. The traditional diagnosis methods of the disorder are cumbersome and expensive. The ability to automatically identify OSA from electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we proposed an expert system based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), fast-Fourier transform (FFT) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) for the automatic recognition of patients with OSA from nocturnal ECG recordings. Thirty ECG recordings collected from normal subjects and subjects with sleep apnea, each of approximately 8 h in duration, were used throughout the study. The proposed OSA recognition system comprises three stages. In the first stage, an algorithm based on DWT was used to analyze ECG recordings for the detection of heart rate variability (HRV) and ECG-derived respiration (EDR) changes. In the second stage, an FFT based power spectral density (PSD) method was used for feature extraction from HRV and EDR changes. Then, a hill-climbing feature selection algorithm was used to identify the best features that improve classification performance. In the third stage, the obtained features were used as input patterns of the LS-SVM classifier. Using the cross-validation method, the accuracy of the developed system was found to be 100% for using a subset of selected combination of HRV and EDR features. The results confirmed that the proposed expert system has potential for recognition of patients with suspected OSA by using ECG recordings.     

基于小波神经网络的心电诊断算法的研究

研究了一种基于小波神经网络的心电图室性早搏和正常窦性心律分类算法.首先对MIT-BIH标准数据库进行室性早搏和正常窦性心律样本的提取与标准化,然后应用小波神经网络建立分类模型.利用小波变换的波形检测和特征提取特点以及人工神经网络的自我学习能力,通过大量的心电图样本训练后,使网络不仅对训练样本有较高的分辨率(97.5%),而且对未训练过的样本也有较好的分辨率(95.1%).仿真结果表明,算法计算简单、实现容易,适用于心电图的分类.     

ECG signal classification and arrhythmia detection using ELM-RNN

Arrhythmia is a unique type of heart disease which produces inefficient and irregular heartbeat. This is a cardiac disease which is diagnosed through electrocardiogram (ECG) procedure. Several studies have been focused on the speed and accuracy on the learning algorithm by applying pattern recognition, artificial intelligence in the classification algorithm. In this work a novel classification algorithm is planned based on ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) by using morphological filtering. The popular publicly available ECG arrhythmia database (MIT-BIH arrhythmia DB) is used to express the performance of the proposed algorithm where the level of accuracy is compared with the existing similar types of work. The comparative study shows that performance of our proposed model is much faster than the models working with RBFN (radial basis function network), BPBB(back propagation neural network) and Support Vector Machine. The experimental result with the MIT BIH database with hidden neurons of ELM with RNN, the accuracy is 96.41%, sensitivity 93.62% and specificity 92.66%. The classification methodology follows main four steps the heart beat detection, the ECG feature extraction, feature selection and the construction of the proposed classifier.

     

A new optimum feature extraction and classification method for speaker recognition: GWPNN

Speech and speaker recognition is an important topic to be performed by a computer system. In this paper, an expert speaker recognition system based on optimum wavelet packet entropy is proposed for speaker recognition by using real speech/voice signal. This study contains both the combination of the new feature extraction and classification approach by using optimum wavelet packet entropy parameter values. These optimum wavelet packet entropy values are obtained from measured real English language speech/voice signal waveforms using speech experimental set. A genetic-wavelet packet-neural network (GWPNN) model is developed in this study. GWPNN includes three layers which are genetic algorithm, wavelet packet and multi-layer perception. The genetic algorithm layer of GWPNN is used for selecting the feature extraction method and obtaining the optimum wavelet entropy parameter values. In this study, one of the four different feature extraction methods is selected by using genetic algorithm. Alternative feature extraction methods are wavelet packet decomposition, wavelet packet decomposition – short-time Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition – Born–Jordan time–frequency representation, wavelet packet decomposition – Choi–Williams time–frequency representation. The wavelet packet layer is used for optimum feature extraction in the time–frequency domain and is composed of wavelet packet decomposition and wavelet packet entropies. The multi-layer perceptron of GWPNN, which is a feed-forward neural network, is used for evaluating the fitness function of the genetic algorithm and for classification speakers. The performance of the developed system has been evaluated by using noisy English speech/voice signals. The test results showed that this system was effective in detecting real speech signals. The correct classification rate was about 85% for speaker classification.     

Classification of ECG beats by using a fast least square support vector machines with a dynamic programming feature selection algorithm

In this paper, we present a new system for the classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) beats by using a fast least square support vector machine (LSSVM). Five feature extraction methods are comparatively examined in the 15-dimensional feature space. The dimension of the each feature set is reduced by using dynamic programming based on divergence analysis. After the preprocessing of ECG data, six types of ECG beats obtained from the MIT-BIH database are classified with an accuracy of 95.2% by the proposed fast LSSVM algorithm together with discrete cosine transform. Experimental results show that not only the fast LSSVM is faster than the standard LSSVM algorithm, but also it gives better classification performance than the standard backpropagation multilayer perceptron network.     

Statistics over features of ECG signals

This paper presented the usage of statistics over the set of the features representing the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Since classification is more accurate when the pattern is simplified through representation by important features, feature extraction and selection play an important role in classifying systems such as neural networks. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) architectures were formulated and used as basis for detection of variabilities of the ECG signals. Four types of ECG beats (normal beat, congestive heart failure beat, ventricular tachyarrhythmia beat, atrial fibrillation beat) obtained from the Physiobank database were classified. The selected Lyapunov exponents, wavelet coefficients and the power levels of power spectral density (PSD) values obtained by eigenvector methods of the ECG signals were used as inputs of the MLPNN trained with Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The classification results confirmed that the proposed MLPNN has potential in detecting the variabilities of the ECG signals.     

基于多核超限学习机的实时心电信号分析

心电分类是一种复杂的模式识别问题。目前,大部分基于不同机器学习模型的心电分类方法都取得了很高的分类精度,但学习效率不高,因此需要一种快速的心电学习方法。文章提出了基于多种核函数的超限学习方法,利用不同的核函数将特征映射到希尔伯特空间,使心电数据在高维空间中线性可分,并在 MIT-BIH 标准库进行了该方法的实验验证。与其他方法相比,文章所提出的方法具有较高的分类准确率和更快的学习速度,对临床上动态心电图的检测与分析和个性化的实时心电监测具有重要意义。