加速度传感器动态校准系统不确定度评估方法的研究

针对加速度传感器动态校准获取其工作频带的过程中,因校准系统存在测试不确定度导致传感器校准不准确的问题,设计了某型号加速度传感器的动态校准试验,以试验数据为依据提出了系统不确定度评估方法。通过对冲击试验台为冲击激励源构成的动态校准系统测试过程中几个主要误差源的分析,结合文中提出的系统不确定度评估方法计算出校准系统的测试标准不确定为1.77%,扩展不确定度为3.54%。对比测量仪器特性评定相关指标可知该校准系统符合工程校准需要,而该评估方法的提出对校准系统的不确定度评估有一定的现实指导意义。     

基于模糊隶属度函数的传感器失效管理方法

传感器失效管理是传感器管理系统中的一个重要部分，也是当前研究的热点。针对基于模糊逻辑的传感器失效管理方法，该文通过计算机仿真，分析了不同形式的隶属度函数对传感器失效管理的影响。仿真结果表明，基于模糊逻辑的方法能满足传感器失效管理的要求，并且可以减少数据的波动和误差。 真     

基于微位移定位系统MEMS梳齿位移传感器的研究

MEMS硫齿位移传感器是一种基于MEMS技术电容理论的传感器,具有体积小、重量轻、性能稳定、功耗低和易于集成等特点.首先探讨了梳齿传感器的工作原理,随后介绍了使用梳齿传感器有效检测微动工作台位移的方法,并进行了结构失效和梳齿电极不平行失效的可靠性分析.通过采用这种传感器可以达到提高微位移定位平台系统的集成度、精度、分辨...     

光伏微逆变器电流传感器和功率管开路故障诊断

当电流传感器出现性能蜕化、故障或失效时,光伏微逆变器系统的输出会受到严重影响,甚至微逆变器系统其他部件有可能被直接损坏而导致整个系统永久失效;微逆变器系统中反激式变换器功率管的开路故障会引起2个交错支路电流不平衡,导致输出电流波形畸变率变大.为此,提出一种基于状态观测器的光伏微逆变器电流传感器和功率管开路故障诊断方法.建立两路反激式变换器的数学模型;构建状态观测器以实现对两路反激式变换器原边电流的在线估计,并生成残差;将残差与阈值进行比较,实现对微逆变器系统中电流传感器与功率管的实时故障诊断.仿真结果验证该方法可行且有效.     

FBG位移传感器的标定与不确定度分析

为了提高光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)位移传感器标定精度和实现自动标定,设计一种量程为18 cm的FBG位移传感器校准装置对FBG位移传感器进行在线校准.通过对FBG解调仪测量的波长量和计算得出的位移量进行最小二乘法拟合得到FBG传感器的静态标定系数,并对标定装置和传感器进行不确定度评定.实验结果表明:FBG位移传感器标定平台标定得到FBG位移传感器的灵敏度为0.0145 nm/mm,线性度为99.87％,重复性误差为0.082％,校准装置的测量不确定度为0.11 mm.     

量测不确定下多传感器一致性数据融合算法

针对量测不确定下多传感器信息采集系统中数据有效融合处理,提出一种量测数据一致性融合算法.首先,引入马氏距离实现两传感器量测数据一致性的近似估计;然后,结合模糊理论中隶属度函数的性质定义一种度量局部量测信息提取和利用效率的支持度函数,进而构建综合全局量测数据间相互支持程度的支持度矩阵;最后,通过对支持度矩阵的计算求解各传感器量测数据在评估系统状态估计中的权重,并通过加权融合方式实现对系统状态真值的估计.理论分析和仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

基于光栅技术的比例式数字电容转角传感器的校准

为进一步改善比例式电容转角传感器的品质指标,开发了一套以高精度光栅转角传感器为核心的精密角度校准系统,并通过上位计算机实现了校准工作的自动控制操作.测试结果表明,利用本系统校准,电容转角传感器的基本误差、线性度指标都得到有效改善,前者平均值从2%降低至0.2%,后者由0.58%降至0.22%;标准不确定度达到0.2%.     

FBG应变传感器标定过程中的不确定度研究

为实现光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)应变传感器静态的性能测试和试验分析,设计了一种量程为700×10-6的FBG应变传感器标定装置对其进行校准实验.通过运用最小二乘法对解调仪中的中心波长和计算得出的应变量进行拟合,得到FBG应变传感器的静态标定系数,并分析标定装置的不确定度大小.结果表明:该FBG应变传感器标定装置合成不确定度是2.55×10-6,标定得出的FBG应变传感器的灵敏度1.37 ×10-3nm/10-6,线性度为99.72％,满足FBG应变传感器的标定要求,该传感器能够运用于工程实际中.     

传感器失效不确定时滞系统指数稳定可靠控制

针对一类含有时变时滞的不确定参数线性系统,研究了在传感器发生故障情况下系统指数稳定鲁棒可靠控制器设计问题。系统中的参数不确定性满足广义匹配条件,时变时滞及其变化率有界,并假设故障传感器元件的输出为零。经过适当的状态变换,将原系统的指数稳定鲁棒可靠控制问题转化为另一个等价系统的鲁棒可靠控制问题。根据Lyapunov稳定性理论,得到了系统存在指数稳定鲁棒可靠控制器应满足的一个矩阵不等式。为了便于数值求解,将该矩阵不等式转化为线性矩阵不等式(LMI),并给出了可靠控制器的设计方法和步骤。利用该文方法设计的指数稳定鲁棒可靠控制器能够使得时滞系统对于任意允许的不确定性以及传感器失效都具有指定衰减度的渐近稳定性。数值算例说明了所提出设计方法的有效性。     

时滞关联大系统的分散鲁棒容错控制

针对不确定时滞关联大系统,提出了一种分散鲁棒容错控制方法。目的是当发生传感器或执行器故障以及具有参数不确定时,使系统仍保持渐进稳定。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,给出了该系统在传感器失效时具有容错性能的充分条件及控制器的设计步骤,并将结果推广到执行器失效的情况。最后通过实例仿真验证了方法的正确性,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

Effect of model uncertainty on failure detection: the thresholdselector

The performance of all failure detection, isolation, and accommodation (DIA) algorithms is influenced by the presence of model uncertainty. The authors present a unique framework to incorporate a knowledge of modeling error in the analysis and design of failure detection systems. A concept is introduced called the threshold selector, which is a nonlinear inequality whose solution defines the set of detectable sensor failure signals. It identifies the optimal threshold to be used in innovations-based DIA algorithms. The optimal threshold is shown to be a function of the bound on modeling errors, the noise properties, the speed of DIA filters and the classes of reference and failure signals. The size of the smallest detectable failure is also determined. The results are applied to a multivariable turbofan jet engine example, which demonstrates improvements compared to previous studies     

基于簇的分布式传感器故障检测算法

针对大规模无线传感器网络(WSN)中故障检测准确率降低,并产生较大通信负载的问题,根据传感器节点的时空相关性特点,提出一种基于簇的分布式传感器故障检测算法。通过邻居节点间的数据交换和互相测试检测簇首节点,并以正常簇首节点作为参照诊断故障节点。性能分析与实验结果表明,在大规模WSN中,该算法具有良好的故障检测能力和较低的通信负载,在邻居节点数较少、节点故障率较高的情况下,能达到98%以上的故障检测准确率,并保持较低的能耗水平。     

无线传感器网络中可容错的事件监测算法

事件监测是传感器网络研究中的一个重要问题,传感器网络自身的局限性以及感知数据的非确定性向事件监测技术提出了挑战.文中分析了传感器网络中存在的各种非确定性,引入可容错的事件监测机制.文中首先提出可容错的事件发现和参与事件监测节点选择算法.在此基础上,提出可容错的事件发生区域估算算法.算法对于动态传感器网络具有较好监测效果.最后通过大量模拟实验验证了所提出算法的性能.     

Optimally overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring design for minimal positional uncertainty in obstacle detection

This paper presents the optimal overlapping arrangement of a circular array of ultrasonic sensors for minimal positional uncertainty in obstacle detection. First, it is shown that beam overlap among three adjacent ultrasonic sensors leads to significant reduction of positional uncertainty. Second, the positional uncertainty of an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is compared to a single ultrasonic sensor in terms of a collision-free region with obstacles. Third, the optimal design index for an overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is defined as the area closest between the non-overlapped and overlapped sensing sub-zones. Fourth, using commercial low directivity ultrasonic sensors, an optimally overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring is given along with its prototype installed on top of a mobile robot. Finally, experimental results are given to demonstrate the validity and performance of our overlapped ultrasonic sensor ring prototype.     

Effect of thermal and mechanical properties variations on microcantilever mass sensor performance

Ensuring desirable performance for piezoelectric microcantilever sensors constitutes a crucial research subject particularly for the applications such as detection of biochemical entities, virus particles or human biomarkers. However, these sensors’ performance may be affected by the environmental conditions such as temperature variation, and/or the uncertainty in the material properties. The objective of this study is to explore Young modulus uncertainty of microcantilever’s structural layer, thermo-mechanical and geometrical temperature dependency effects, on the natural frequency, bias and sensitivity of microcantilever mass sensors. These effects have been investigated for different sensor lengths and resonant modes. Also, a temperature compensation method which omits the need for bulky non-contact thermometers or fabrication of built-in temperature sensor has been proposed. As theoretical model, Euler–Bernoulli beam theory has been employed and solved by Galerkin expansion procedure. Using this model, it is demonstrated that the sensitivity of microcantilever sensor decreases with increasing the added mass. The microcantilever sensor sensitivity operating at the second resonant mode has been improved almost five times comparing to the first mode sensitivity regardless of microcantilever length. The simulation results show that temperature variation causes thermal frequency shift which in turn introduces a significant mass bias far beyond the sensors’ minimum detectable mass. This mass bias is constant for a given microcantilever in its first and second resonant mode. Additionally, the effect of temperature variation on the sensitivity of the given mass sensors is negligible. However, it has been shown that the variations in sensors sensitivity due to uncertainty of Young modulus remain constant for different lengths and two resonant modes of the microcantilever sensor.     

基于LabVIEW静压气体轴承性能检测装置的测控软件设计

采用LabVIEW设计了静压气体轴性能检测装置的测控软件.上位机软件通过串口与下位机进行指令传送和数据交换,控制检测装置运行,接收由AVR单片机采集的气体压力传感器、测力传感器和位移传感器的实验数据,同时对数据进行分析计算并实时显示和自动保存.实验结果表明,系统较好地实现了人机交互,自动化程度高、工作稳定性强、可操作性高.     

多符号差分球形译码在无线传感器网络分布式检测中的应用研究

在无线传感器网络分布式检测中,信道条件复杂,难于估计.比较相关检测,差分检测的优势是不需要信道估计,但总是付出一定的性能损失.为了缩短这一差距,本文提出多符号差分检测,并结合低复杂度球形译码算法,对多符号差分球形检测的迭代搜索过程进行了详细分析.算法检测性能和复杂度的分析表明,该检测算法不仅能有效降低计算复杂度,而且能保证较好的检测性能.结果证明该算法可作为一种有效检测算法应用于无线传感器网络分布式检测中.     

基于分布式算法执行替代链的WSN故障节点检测和替代方法

针对无线传感器网络中故障节点的检测和替代问题,提出了一种基于分布式算法执行替代链的故障节点的检测和替代方法。首先,描述了传感器节点检测故障邻居所需执行的指令;然后,根据分布式算法执行替代链;最后,以局部最优方式替代故障节点,从而维护WSN的连通性。仿真结果表明,本文方法明显改善了场强覆盖降低百分比,相比检测和替代效果较好的C₃R方法,本文方法更能节省能量,且延长了网络寿命。     

基于四相检测技术的微电容传感器

一种基于四相检测技术的电荷转移式微电容传感器,具有很强的消除杂散电容影响的能力,适用于被检测对象电容值小于1pF的场合,分辨力达1fF,灵敏度高于1V/pF,并能输出4～20mA的电流。其优良的性能和低廉的价格,使得微电容传感器的广泛推广应用成为可能。     

Strength of landmine signatures under different soil conditions: implications for sensor fusion

Most sensors for the detection of buried landmines are influenced by the properties of the soil that surrounds the mine. The temporal and spatial variability in soil properties accounts for a significant part of the detection uncertainty that is associated with most sensors. In particular, most sensor types (e.g. ground-penetrating radar, thermal infrared cameras, and chemical sniffers) are affected by the water content of the soil. However, each sensor type reacts in its own way to variations in soil water content and other soil properties. The resulting variation in sensor performance has serious implications for sensor fusion operations. We show how knowledge of soil physics can contribute to a better understanding of sensor performance and can lead to improved data fusion.