一种改进的非刚性医学图像配准算法

非刚性医学图像配准是医学影像处理和应用中重要的研究课题.对传统的基于局部仿射变换的非刚性图像配准模型进行了改进,结合图像的区域灰度信息和切比雪夫低通滤波器幅度特性提出了一种新颖的非刚性医学图像配准算法.该算法采用自适应的局部非线性正则项,比传统算法更好地保持了图像的局部细节和边缘信息,通过结合多分辨率分层细化以及由粗到细的变形技术求解策略,很好地解决了传统配准模型无法对大变形单模态图像或者存在灰度差异的多模态图像之间进行配准的问题.实验证明,该模型和算法可以很好地实现对医学图像的非刚性配准.     

基于多通道稀疏编码的非刚性多模态医学图像配准

针对稀疏编码相似性测度在非刚性医学图像配准中对灰度偏移场具有较好的鲁棒性,但只适用于单模态医学图像配准的问题,提出基于多通道稀疏编码的非刚性多模态医学图像配准方法。该方法将多模态配准问题视为一个多通道配准问题来解决,每个模态在一个单独的通道下运行;首先对待配准的两幅图像分别进行合成和正则化,然后划分通道和图像块,使用K奇异值分解（K-SVD）算法训练每个通道中的图像块得到分析字典和稀疏系数,并对每个通道进行加权求和,采用多层P样条自由变换模型来模拟非刚性几何形变,结合梯度下降法优化目标函数。实验结果表明,与局部互信息、多通道局部方差和残差复杂性（MCLVRC）、多通道稀疏诱导的相似性测度（MCSISM）、多通道Rank Induced相似性测度（MCRISM）多模态相似性测度相比,均方根误差分别下降了30.86%、22.24%、26.84%和16.49%。所提方法能够有效克服多模态医学图像配准中灰度偏移场对配准的影响,提高配准的精度和鲁棒性。     

耦合配准与分割的水平集演化模型

提出一种配准与分割耦合模型。配准项采用基于抽象匹配流的非参数配准模型,解决基于B样条的参数化配准方法与非参数活动轮廓模型在定义形式和求解方法上不一致的问题。分割项采用基于边缘的活动轮廓模型实现对感兴趣区域的分割,对分割模型的改进解决原有模型对初始化敏感的问题。整个模型直接定义在水平集函数上,定义直观,数值求解简单。对单模态及多模态大脑图像的实验,验证该模型的有效性。     

基于局部仿射模型的多模态弹性图像配准

针对目前弹性图像配准方法较难应用于多模态图像的问题,提出了一种转化图像模态的解决方案。计算图像中每个灰度值在另一幅图像中对应像素的灰度均值,使用该均值代替原图像中对应的像素值,两幅图像灰度被转换为基本一致的状态,使用局部仿射模型配准图像。将灰度转换后的图像与目标图像配准,再将图像的形变参数映射到浮动图像中就可以实现多模态的图像配准。实验结果表明该方法可将局部仿射模型成功地用于多模态图像配准。     

非介入式手术导航中医学图像配准算法

提出一种用于非介入手术导航中基于自由变形模型的多模态医学图像非刚性配准方法,对术前MRI/CT和术中超声图像中都可见的血管结构进行配准.当图像对准时,一种图像中的血管中心点对应着另一种图像下灰度脊点;对于全局变换采用刚性变换、局部形变采用基于函数控制B样条的自由变形模型来描述;采用遗传算法和共轭梯度法相结合达到最小化目标函数.将文中算法应用于体模和临床数据,在配准精度和收敛速度上都取得了良好的效果.     

一种新的轮廓提取方法及其在MR-CT配准中的应用

提出一种新的轮廓提取算法,并将这种算法应用到刚体配准.这种新的轮廓提取算法通过属性的大小自动获得属性算法中的属性阚值及其对应的灰度阚值,对灰度阙值对应的层集进行属性运算后再应用梯度算子得到轮廓.该算法具有强抗噪性而且轮廓边缘保持完好.本文还提出该算法的性质并证明.这种算法提取的脑MR-CT图像的轮廓非常相似,即将多模态配准转化为单模态配准.实验证明配准精度大大提高.     

同时配准-分割脑MR图像的耦合变分模型

提出一种新颖的变分耦合模型,同时实现配准与分割.模型中使用耦合函数将非刚性配准信息与基于区域信息的曲线演化理论结合在一起,构造总能量函数,通过求解该能量函数的极值达到配准-分割的目的.该方法可以分割多模态医学图像,即使在两图间的强度信息区别较大时,也可以得到较好的分割结果.实验结果表明该方法具有较好的鲁棒性.     

可见光-远红外图像的多模态能见度深度学习模型

为了增强能见度深度学习模型在小样本条件下的准确率和鲁棒性,提出一种基于可见光-远红外图像的多模态能见度深度学习方法.首先,利用图像配准获取视野范围与分辨率均相同的可见光-远红外输入图像对;然后,构造三分支并行结构的多模态特征融合网络;分别在可见光图像、远红外图像及其累加特征图中提取不同性质的大气特征,各分支的特征信息通过网络结构实现模态互补与融合;最后在网络末端输出图像场景所对应的能见度的等级.采用双目摄像机收集不同天气情况下的室外真实可见光-远红外图像作为实验数据,在不同性能指标、多角度下的实验结果表明,与传统单模态能见度深度学习模型相比,多模态能见度模型可显著提高小样本条件下能见度检测的准确率和鲁棒性.     

基于量子粒子群算法的医学图像配准

医学图像配准是图像融合等图像处理需要先行解决的问题.首先用坎尼算子提取图像的边缘,再用K均值聚类算法进行聚类分析提取轮廓特征点,然后引入了带有量子行为的粒子群优化算法来求解配准所需的空间变换参数.实验结果表明,QPSO能够迅速地在全局范围内找到最优解,应用于多模态医学图像配准是可行的.     

医学图像配准分类研究

医学图像配准是医学图像研究领域的一项重要课题。配准种类包括刚性配准和非刚性配准,配准形式包括不同个体间的配准以及同一个体不同图谱的配准。介绍了基于处理流程和基于图像特征的图像配准方法以及基于变形模型的图像配准三大类。非刚性配准比刚性配准在稳定性和计算效率等方面要求更高,技术难度更大,同时具有更重要的应用意义。随着计算机技术的应用和发展,非刚性配准成为一个非常活跃的研究领域,相关的模型和方法 备受关注。     

基于Legendre矩的CT及MR医学图象融合方法

为了提高CT、MR多模态医学图象配准、融合的精度和速度,提出了基于Legendre矩的CT和MR多模态医学图象配准、融合方法,并运用二维9数据图象的Legendre矩正交性和无冗余性的特点,通过找出CT及MR两种模态医学图象的质心,计算出两图象的比例因子,从而完成了两图象的平移和旋转,并精确地实现了CT和MR两模态图象的配信、融合,还优化了Legendre矩的快速算法和提高了应用Legendre矩配准CT和MR图象的速度。实验表明,利用Legendre矩对CT和MR等多模态图象配准、融合,不失为一种比较直接、简洁的方法;同时,Legendre矩在医学影象诊断、放疗计划系统等方面也具有重要的应用价值。     

Applicability of the SIFT operator to geometric SAR image registration

The SIFT operator's success for computer vision applications makes it an attractive alternative to the intricate feature based SAR image registration problem. The SIFT operator processing chain is capable of detecting and matching scale and affine invariant features. For SAR images, the operator is expected to detect stable features at lower scales where speckle influence diminishes. To adapt the operator performance to SAR images we analyse the impact of image filtering and of skipping features detected at the highest scales. We present our analysis based on multisensor, multitemporal and different viewpoint SAR images. The operator shows potential to become a robust alternative for point feature based registration of SAR images as subpixel registration consistency was achieved for most of the tested datasets. Our findings indicate that operator performance in terms of repeatability and matching capability is affected by an increase in acquisition differences within the imagery. We also show that the proposed adaptations result in a significant speed-up compared to the original SIFT operator.     

基于B样条的快速弹性图像配准方法

论文提出了一种基于B样条的医学图像快速弹性配准方法。该方法在原有方法的基础上引入“分块计算,部分更新”的策略来提高运行速度。实验结果表明,论文方法与原有方法相比,配准效果相似,但配准速度却显著提高,因此是一种实用的弹性配准方法。     

Wavelet-based image registration technique for high-resolution remote sensing images

Image registration is the process of geometrically aligning one image to another image of the same scene taken from different viewpoints at different times or by different sensors. It is an important image processing procedure in remote sensing and has been studied by remote sensing image processing professionals for several decades. Nevertheless, it is still difficult to find an accurate, robust, and automatic image registration method, and most existing image registration methods are designed for a particular application. High-resolution remote sensing images have made it more convenient for professionals to study the Earth; however, they also create new challenges when traditional processing methods are used. In terms of image registration, a number of problems exist in the registration of high-resolution images: (1) the increased relief displacements, introduced by increasing the spatial resolution and lowering the altitude of the sensors, cause obvious geometric distortion in local areas where elevation variation exists; (2) precisely locating control points in high-resolution images is not as simple as in moderate-resolution images; (3) a large number of control points are required for a precise registration, which is a tedious and time-consuming process; and (4) high data volume often affects the processing speed in the image registration. Thus, the demand for an image registration approach that can reduce the above problems is growing. This study proposes a new image registration technique, which is based on the combination of feature-based matching (FBM) and area-based matching (ABM). A wavelet-based feature extraction technique and a normalized cross-correlation matching and relaxation-based image matching techniques are employed in this new method. Two pairs of data sets, one pair of IKONOS panchromatic images from different times and the other pair of images consisting of an IKONOS panchromatic image and a QuickBird multispectral image, are used to evaluate the proposed image registration algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can select sufficient control points semi-automatically to reduce the local distortions caused by local height variation, resulting in improved image registration results.     

基于P样条和局部互信息的非刚性医学图像配准*

为了克服互信息仅考虑两幅图像相应像素的灰度信息,忽略了图像本身的内在空间信息,以及B样条变换模型存在形变场奇异点的缺陷,提出一种基于P样条和局部互信息的非刚性医学图像配准方法。该方法以局部互信息为相似性测度,采用P样条变换模型模拟待配准图像的几何形变,然后使用三次插值算法对图像像素进行赋值,结合对大规模参数优化效率高的LBFGS算法对配准参数进行优化。实验结果表明,该方法较传统的互信息和B样条变换模型都有效地提高了配准的精度。     

A modified medical image registration

Medical image registration is commonly used in clinical diagnosis, treatment, quality assurance, evaluation of curative efficacy and so on. In this paper, the edges of the original reference and floating images are detected by the B-spline gradient operator and then the binarization images are acquired. By computing the binarization image moments, the centroids are obtained. Also, according to the binarization image coordinates, the rotation angles of the reference and floating images are computed respectively, on the foundation of which the initial values for registering the images are produced. When searching the optimal geometric transformation parameters, the modified peak signal-to-noise ratio (MPSNR) is viewed as the similarity metric between the reference and floating images. At the same time, the simplex method is chosen as multi-parameter optimization one. The experimental results show that, this proposed method has a fairly simple implementation, a low computational load, a fast registration and good registration accuracy. It also can effectively avoid trapping in the local optimum and is adapted to both mono-modality and multi-modality image registrations. Also, the improved iterative closest point algorithm based on acquiring the initial values for registration from the least square method (LICP) is introduced. The experiments reveal that the measure acquiring the initial values for registration from image moments and the least square method (LSM) is feasible and resultful strategy.     

一种面向医学图像非刚性配准的多维特征度量方法

医学图像的非刚性配准对于临床的精确诊疗具有重要意义.待配准图像对中目标的大形变和灰度分布呈各向异性给非刚性配准带来困难.本文针对这个问题,提出基于多维特征的联合Renyi α-entropy度量结合全局和局部特征的非刚性配准算法.首先,采用最小距离树构造联合Renyi α-entropy,建立多维特征度量新方法.然后,演绎出新度量准则相对于形变模型参数的梯度解析表达式,采用随机梯度下降法进行参数寻优.最终,将图像的Canny特征和梯度方向特征融入新度量中,实现全局和局部特征相结合的非刚性配准.通过在36对宫颈磁共振（Magnetic resonance,MR）图像上的实验,该方法的配准精度相比较于传统互信息法和互相关系数法有明显提高.这也表明,这种度量新方法能克服因图像局部灰度分布不一致造成的影响,一定程度地减少误匹配,为临床的精确诊疗提供科学依据.     

Non-Rigid Multi-Modal Image Registration Using Cross-Cumulative Residual Entropy

In this paper we present a new approach for the non-rigid registration of multi-modality images. Our approach is based on an information theoretic measure called the cumulative residual entropy (CRE), which is a measure of entropy defined using cumulative distributions. Cross-CRE between two images to be registered is defined and maximized over the space of smooth and unknown non-rigid transformations. For efficient and robust computation of the non-rigid deformations, a tri-cubic B-spline based representation of the deformation function is used. The key strengths of combining CCRE with the tri-cubic B-spline representation in addressing the non-rigid registration problem are that, not only do we achieve the robustness due to the nature of the CCRE measure, we also achieve computational efficiency in estimating the non-rigid registration. The salient features of our algorithm are: (i) it accommodates images to be registered of varying contrast+brightness, (ii) faster convergence speed compared to other information theory-based measures used for non-rigid registration in literature, (iii) analytic computation of the gradient of CCRE with respect to the non-rigid registration parameters to achieve efficient and accurate registration, (iv) it is well suited for situations where the source and the target images have field of views with large non-overlapping regions. We demonstrate these strengths via experiments on synthesized and real image data.     

基于加权互信息的多模图像配准算法

基于互信息方法的医学配准容易出现局部极值现象,导致准确率下降。为此,提出一种基于加权互信息的多模图像配准算法。通过全局滤波和边缘提取进行图像预处理,突出图像特征,采用加权互信息方法实现配准。实验结果表明,该算法能够提高多模图像配准的准确率,加快匹配速度。