X-Hop:传递闭包的多跳数压缩存储和快速可达性查询

海量图数据上的可达性查询是图数据管理的基本问题。目前解决这个问题的基本方法是对可达关系传递闭包进行压缩存储,再辅以快速查询算法来回答两顶点是否可达。在此基础上,重点研究了稠密图条件下可达传递闭包的高压缩比存储和有效查询算法,提出了多跳(简称为X-Hop)压缩存储方法。通过采用生成树的结构对2-Hop中的中心顶点进行组织,X-Hop存储有效地降低了2-Hop方法中需要记录的索引点数量,从而极大地提高了压缩比。实验证明,X-Hop在索引的规模上要远远小于2-Hop存储,并且在查询效率上也取得优势。     

RIAIL:大规模图上的可达性查询索引方法

图被广泛用来建模在社交网络、语义网、计算生物学和软件分析中的应用.可达性查询是图数据上的一种基础查询.当前,针对图上的可达性查询已经提出了一些索引算法,但是它们不能灵活地扩展到大的图数据.因此,提出了一种索引方法RIAIL(reachability index augmented by interval labeling).RIAIL将结点的标记信息表示成四元组.前两个元素是区间标记,编码生成树的可达性信息,后两个元素编码非树边的可达性信息.RIAIL查询时只需索引且索引创建代价小.最后,通过大量真实和人工生成数据集上的实验说明,RIAIL能够高效地处理可达性查询,并且可以简单地扩展到大的图数据.     

大规模图数据匹配技术综述

在大数据时代海量的多源异构数据间存在着紧密的关联性,图作为表示数据之间关系的基本结构在社交网络分析、社会安全分析、生物数据分析等领域有着广泛应用.在大规模图数据上进行高效地查询、匹配是大数据分析处理的基础问题.从应用角度对用于图查询的图数据匹配技术的研究进展进行综述,根据图数据的不同特征以及应用的不同需求对图匹配问题分类进行介绍.同时,将重点介绍精确图匹配,包括无索引的匹配和基于索引的匹配,以及相关的关键技术、主要算法、性能评价等进行了介绍、测试和分析.最后对图匹配技术的应用现状和面临的问题进行了总结,并对该技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

图数据隐私保护可达性查询算法研究

数据库领域越来越多的数据通过图的结构进行存储,随着图数据规模的快速增长和云计算的兴起,数据拥有者希望将数据外包给具有强大计算能力的服务商为其客户提供查询服务。为解决数据库中的可达性查询问题,提出一种隐私保护的可达性索引和查询方法。对原始的2-hop索引构建方法进行优化,设计maxISCover启发式方法,给出根据人工节点添加算法建立pp-2-hop索引的unifyIS和unifyLS算法,并在此基础上,给出基于密文域的优化可达性查询方法。实验结果表明,基于maxISCover优化方法和unifyIS算法建立的索引大小相比于基于原始2-hop索引的方法减小1个~2个数量级。     

带权大图上的K步可达性查询算法

可达性查询作为图中最常用的基本操作，在生物信息学、智慧交通等领域应用广泛，但在一些现实问题中，仅仅进行可达性查询并不能满足人们对距离信息的需求，K步可达性查询应运而生。目前已有的K步可达性查询的处理对象为有向无环图，无法充分反映顶点间的距离信息，并且无环图并不符合交通网络等实际应用情况。针对以上问题，提出一种针对带权有向图的K步可达性查询算法。通过求解近似最小顶点覆盖集，分别构建了顶点覆盖集内索引和顶点覆盖集外的双向最短路径索引，有效避免了查询时的I/O操作，提高了查询效率。在10个数据集上进行对比实验，并通过比较索引构建时间、索引规模、查询时间等指标证明了该算法的高效性。     

有向无环图上k步可达查询优化算法

k步可达查询用于在给定的有向无环图（DAG）中回答两点之间是否存在长度不超过k的路径。针对现有方法的索引规模大、查询处理效率低的问题,提出一种基于部分点的双向最短路径索引来提升索引的可达信息覆盖率,并提出一组优化规则来减小索引规模;然后提出基于简化图的正反互逆拓扑索引来加速回答不可达查询;最后提出远距离优先的双向遍历策略来提高查询处理的效率。基于21个真实数据集（如引用网络、社交网络等）的实验结果表明,相比已有的高效方法PLL及BFSI-B,所提出的算法具有更小的索引规模和更快的查询响应速度。     

基于路径索引的密集邻域图数据查询方法研究

随着社交网络、生物信息以及web挖掘等应用的不断发展,图结构数据的存储和查询处理越来越得到重视。但是,针对顶点邻域非常密集的场合,如何提高此类顶点的查询效率,现有的研究相对较少。论文在分析了顶点密集领域数据的特点后,提出了一种对顶点密集邻域建立路径索引的策略,有效地解决了此类查询的效率。首先分析顶点密集的邻域的查询模式,并在这些模式上建立路径索引,然后采用B 树方法,对路径索引的存储、更新和查找方法进行了设计实现,最后,采用图数据库NEO4J为基础,对路径索引存储空间和查询性能进行了测试,测试表明,虽然路径索引会占用存储空间,但是能够提高特定的查询处理的性能。     

一种保持结点可达性的高效社会网络图匿名算法

为了保护社会网络隐私信息,提出了多种社会网络图匿名化技术.图匿名化目的在于通过图修改操作来防止隐私泄露,同时保证匿名图在社会网络分析和图查询方面的数据可用性.可达性查询是一种基本图查询操作,可达性查询精度是衡量图数据可用性的一项重要指标.然而,当前研究忽略了图匿名对结点可达性的影响,导致较大的可达性信息损失.为了保持匿名图中结点的可达性,提出了可达性保持图匿名化（reachability preserving anonymization,简称RPA）算法,其基本思想是将结点进行分组并采取贪心策略进行匿名,从而减少匿名过程中的可达性信息损失.为了保证RPA算法的实用性,针对其执行效率进行优化,首先提出采用可达区间来高效地评估边添加操作所导致的匿名损失;其次,通过采用候选邻居索引,进一步加速RPA算法对每个结点的匿名过程.基于真实社会网络数据的实验结果表明了RPA算法的高执行效率,同时验证了生成匿名图在可达性查询方面的高精度.     

层次序列索引的大规模动态标签图子图查询

标签图常用于智能交通网、生物信息网等新兴领域的建模。子图查询作为图数据分析的关键问题，引起了研究者的广泛关注。对现有子图查询算法的研究发现，随着图数据规模增大且频繁更新，传统子图查询算法普遍存在查询效率低，存储开销大，忽略顶点标签信息等问题。为此，提出了一种支持大规模动态标签图子图查询的层次序列索引（Dynamic Hierarchical Sequence，DHS），该索引提取数据图中带有顶点编号的层次拓扑序列关系以实现子图查询；针对图的动态变化，提出了更新点拓扑扩展式索引维护策略，仅从局部变化顶点及边开始进行增量式更新，大大降低了重建索引造成的巨大开销；提出了基于DHS索引的子图查询方法，仅需将查询图与数据图的层次序列进行匹配即可获得候选集，并在其上利用关系匹配策略获得最终查询结果。实验证明提出的方法在保证高效查询的同时降低了索引的创建及维护时间，提高了子图查询效率。     

面向大规模图数据的分布式可达性索引与查询策略

针对构建大规模图数据可达性索引时的构建时间长、存储代价高和响应时间长等问题,提出一种分布式可达性索引与查询策略(DRIQ)。在不破坏原图中节点可达性的前提下,将大规模图划分成若干小规模子图,并对每个子图分布式并行地创建可达性索引,从而提高可达性索引创建效率。给出保持图划分后各子图内节点间以及子图间节点可达性的方法,从而保证基于DRIQ进行可达性查询的正确性。实验结果表明,与传统可达性查询方法相比,该策略具有高效性和可扩展性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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