共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
This paper presents a high-performance broad-coverage supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) system for English verbs
that uses linguistically motivated features and a smoothed maximum entropy machine learning model. We describe three specific
enhancements to our system’s treatment of linguistically motivated features which resulted in the best published results on
SENSEVAL-2 verbs. We then present the results of training our system on OntoNotes data, both the SemEval-2007 task and additional
data. OntoNotes data is designed to provide clear sense distinctions, based on using explicit syntactic and semantic criteria
to group WordNet senses, with sufficient examples to constitute high quality, broad coverage training data. Using similar
syntactic and semantic features for WSD, we achieve performance comparable to that of human taggers, and competitive with
the top results for the SemEval-2007 task. Empirical analysis of our results suggests that clarifying sense boundaries and/or
increasing the number of training instances for certain verbs could further improve system performance.
相似文献
2.
The multiprocessor edf scheduling of sporadic task systems is studied. A new sufficient schedulability test is presented and proved correct. It
is shown that this test generalizes the previously-known exact uniprocessor edf-schedulability test, and that it offers non-trivial quantitative guarantees (including a resource augmentation bound) on
multiprocessors.
相似文献
3.
A number of mobile applications have emerged that allow users to locate one another. However, people have expressed concerns
about the privacy implications associated with this class of software, suggesting that broad adoption may only happen to the
extent that these concerns are adequately addressed. In this article, we report on our work on P eopleF inder, an application that enables cell phone and laptop users to selectively share their locations with others (e.g. friends,
family, and colleagues). The objective of our work has been to better understand people’s attitudes and behaviors towards
privacy as they interact with such an application, and to explore technologies that empower users to more effectively and
efficiently specify their privacy preferences (or “policies”). These technologies include user interfaces for specifying rules
and auditing disclosures, as well as machine learning techniques to refine user policies based on their feedback. We present
evaluations of these technologies in the context of one laboratory study and three field studies.
相似文献
4.
We describe a suite of standards, resources and tools for computational encoding and processing of Modern Hebrew texts. These
include an array of XML schemas for representing linguistic resources; a variety of text corpora, raw, automatically processed
and manually annotated; lexical databases, including a broad-coverage monolingual lexicon, a bilingual dictionary and a WordNet;
and morphological processors which can analyze, generate and disambiguate Hebrew word forms. The resources are developed under
centralized supervision, so that they are compatible with each other. They are freely available and many of them have already
been used for several applications, both academic and industrial.
相似文献
5.
We present a study of using camera-phones and visual-tags to access mobile services. Firstly, a user-experience study is described in which participants were both observed learning to interact with a prototype mobile service and interviewed
about their experiences. Secondly, a pointing-device task is presented in which quantitative data was gathered regarding the speed and accuracy with which participants aimed and clicked
on visual-tags using camera-phones. We found that participants’ attitudes to visual-tag-based applications were broadly positive,
although they had several important reservations about camera-phone technology more generally. Data from our pointing-device
task demonstrated that novice users were able to aim and click on visual-tags quickly (well under 3 s per pointing-device
trial on average) and accurately (almost all meeting our defined speed/accuracy tradeoff of 6% error-rate). Based on our findings,
design lessons for camera-phone and visual-tag applications are presented.
相似文献
6.
We briefly discuss the origin and development of WordNet, a large lexical database for English. We outline its design and
contents as well as its usefulness for Natural Language Processing. Finally, we discuss crosslinguistic WordNets and complementary
lexical resources.
相似文献
7.
Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language
processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this
respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid
for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for
lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.
相似文献
8.
The Stanford Event Heap has been shown to provide appropriate support for constructing interactive workspace applications.
Given this success it is natural to consider the Event Heap as a platform to support other classes of Ubiquitous Computing
applications. In this paper we argue that the distributed, spontaneous nature of these applications places additional demands
on the Event Heap that require extensions to both the engineering and API. Suitable extensions are described and their use
to support a typical Ubicomp application is discussed.
相似文献
9.
Quantitative usability requirements are a critical but challenging, and hence an often neglected aspect of a usability engineering process. A case study is described where quantitative usability requirements played a key role in the development of a new user interface of a mobile phone. Within the practical constraints of the project, existing methods for determining usability requirements and evaluating the extent to which these are met, could not be applied as such, therefore tailored methods had to be developed. These methods and their applications are discussed. 相似文献
10.
This paper describes the simulated car racing competition that was arranged as part of the 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary
Computation. Both the game that was used as the domain for the competition, the controllers submitted as entries to the competition
and its results are presented. With this paper, we hope to provide some insight into the efficacy of various computational
intelligence methods on a well-defined game task, as well as an example of one way of running a competition. In the process,
we provide a set of reference results for those who wish to use the simplerace game to benchmark their own algorithms. The paper is co-authored by the organizers and participants of the competition.
相似文献
11.
We introduce a new type of lexical structure called lexical system, an interoperable model that can feed both monolingual and multilingual language resources. We begin with a formal characterization
of lexical systems as simple directed graphs, solely made up of nodes corresponding to lexical entities and links. To illustrate
our approach, we present data borrowed from a lexical system that has been generated from the French DiCo database. We later
explain how the compilation of the original dictionary-like database into a net-like one has been made possible. Finally,
we discuss the potential of the proposed lexical structure for designing multilingual lexical resources.
相似文献
12.
An important area of Human Reliability Assessment in interactive systems is the ability to understand the causes of human
error and to model their occurrence. This paper investigates a new approach to analysis of task failures based on patterns
of operator behaviour, in contrast with more traditional event-based approaches. It considers, as a case study, a formal model
of an Air Traffic Control system operator’s task which incorporates a simple model of the high-level cognitive processes involved.
The cognitive model is formalised in the CSP process algebra. Various patterns of behaviour that could lead to task failure
are described using temporal logic. Then a model-checking technique is used to verify whether the set of selected behavioural
patterns is sound and complete with respect to the definition of task failure. The decomposition is shown to be incomplete
and a new behavioural pattern is identified, which appears to have been overlooked in the informal analysis of the problem.
This illustrates how formal analysis of operator models can yield fresh insights into how failures may arise in interactive
systems.
相似文献
13.
Hitchcock (2001a) argues that the distinction between singular and general causation conflates the two distinctions ‘actual causation vs. causal tendencies’ and ‘wide vs. narrow causation’. Based on a recent regularity account of causation I will show that Hitchcock’s introduction of the two distinctions is an unnecessary multiplication of causal concepts. 相似文献
14.
Listening to music on personal, digital devices whilst mobile is an enjoyable, everyday activity. We explore a scheme for
exploiting this practice to immerse listeners in navigation cues. Our prototype, ONTRACK, continuously adapts audio, modifying
the spatial balance and volume to lead listeners to their target destination. First we report on an initial lab-based evaluation
that demonstrated the approach’s efficacy: users were able to complete tasks within a reasonable time and their subjective
feedback was positive. Encouraged by these results we constructed a handheld prototype. Here, we discuss this implementation
and the results of field-trials. These indicate that even with a low-fidelity realisation of the concept, users can quite
effectively navigate complicated routes.
相似文献
15.
Recent results on the global multiprocessor edf scheduling of sporadic task systems are, for the most part, applicable only to task systems in which each task’s relative
deadline parameter is constrained to be no larger than its minimum inter-arrival separation. This paper introduces new analysis
techniques that allow for similar results to be derived for task systems in which individual tasks are not constrained in
this manner. For tasks with deadlines greater than their minimum inter-arrival separation, two models are considered, with
and without an implicit intra-task job precedence constraint. The new analyses yield schedulability conditions that strictly
dominate some previously proposed tests that are generally accepted to represent the current state of the art in multiprocessor
edf schedulability analysis, and permits the derivation of an improved speed-up bound.
相似文献
16.
An evaluation of the 2008 Loebner contest
相似文献
17.
This paper addresses the possibility of measuring perceived usability in an absolute way. It studies the impact of the nature
of the tasks performed in perceived software usability evaluation, using for this purpose the subjective evaluation of an
application’s performance via the Software Usability Measurement Inventory (SUMI). The paper reports on the post-hoc analysis
of data from a productivity study for testing the effect of changes in the graphical user interface (GUI) of a market leading
drafting application. Even though one would expect similar evaluations of an application’s usability for same releases, the
analysis reveals that the output of this subjective appreciation is context sensitive and therefore mediated by the research
design. Our study unmasked a significant interaction between the nature of the tasks used for the usability evaluation and
how users evaluate the performance of this application. This interaction challenges the concept of absolute benchmarking in
subjective usability evaluation, as some software evaluation methods aspire to provide, since subjective measurement of software
quality will be affected most likely by the nature of the testing materials used for the evaluation.
相似文献
18.
In a globalised economy the accessibility of services becomes increasingly important for businesses. This has led to a demand
that information systems should be ubiquitous in the sense that they are available to all users under all circumstances, everywhere
and at all times, and independent of the access devices and channels used. The authors believe the key to meeting that demand
is existence of an omnipresent media of interaction and existence of information systems that within that media adapt themselves
to context parameters at run-time. The World Wide Web is considered as that omnipresent media. Thus, the task is left to design
adaptive information systems in a way that avoids unnecessary replication. In this article it will be shown how context parameters
can be utilised to enable system adaptivity. The latter is supposed to increase usability and targets the quality of use,
the content, and the functionality. We propose using an algebraic approach that aids in providing the leanest appropriate
interface via user typing and story boarding. Our approach furthermore limits the content delivered to a user to the amount
that can be dealt with in a usage scenario. The latter is based on defining hyphenation points within the content.
相似文献
19.
As part of a project to construct an interactive program which would encourage children to play with language by building
jokes, we developed a lexical database, starting from WordNet. To the existing information about part of speech, synonymy,
hyponymy, etc., we have added phonetic representations and phonetic similarity ratings for pairs of words/phrases.
相似文献
20.
The complexity of group dynamics occurring in small group interactions often hinders the performance of teams. The availability
of rich multimodal information about what is going on during the meeting makes it possible to explore the possibility of providing
support to dysfunctional teams from facilitation to training sessions addressing both the individuals and the group as a whole.
A necessary step in this direction is that of capturing and understanding group dynamics. In this paper, we discuss a particular
scenario, in which meeting participants receive multimedia feedback on their relational behaviour, as a first step towards
increasing self-awareness. We describe the background and the motivation for a coding scheme for annotating meeting recordings
partially inspired by the Bales’ Interaction Process Analysis. This coding scheme was aimed at identifying suitable observable
behavioural sequences. The study is complemented with an experimental investigation on the acceptability of such a service.
相似文献
|