XL算法的冗余分析与改进

针对多变量二次方程组的求解问题,对XL算法的冗余性进行分析与改进.用XL算法扩展方程组存在冗余现象,采用该算法扩展由m个方程构成的n元二次方程组,所得到的新方程组中线性独立方程个数的上界为[mn(n+3 )-m( m-3)]/2.基于此,对XL算法进行改进.分析表明,改进后的XL算法能降低求解多变量二次方程组的计算复杂...     

《摩擦力》教学设计、反思及评析 《摩擦力》教学设计、反思之三

教材分析本节内容选自广东教育出版社出版的高中《物理(》必修1),教材从生活中的实例引入课题,直接对滑动摩擦力进行阐述,同时通过观察与思考,加深学生对滑动摩擦力的理解。通过一系列对静摩擦力规律的研究,加深对摩擦力的认识。“摩擦力大小的计算和方向的判断”对学生来说是一个难点,而摩擦力又是高中力学知识中常见的力之一,是受力分析的基础。本节学习的成败对以后的学习将产生影响,所以本节内容在物理教学中的地位和作用是重要的。教学目标一、知识与技能认识摩擦力的规律,知道滑动摩擦力的大小与哪些因素有关;能运用滑动摩擦力公式f=…     

面向环境力学的离散元分析软件研发和工程应用

离散元计算分析软件对解决环境力学中的离散介质问题有至关重要的作用.针对环境灾害中的非规则颗粒单元,以圆球颗粒为基本单元,分别构造镶嵌组合单元、黏结组合单元、扩展圆盘单元和扩展多面体单元等,并在此基础上开发基于球形颗粒离散元方法的分析软件(Software of Spherical Particle-based Discrete Element Method,SDEM).该软件可模拟碎冰、岩石和道砟等颗粒材料的力学行为,能直观展现这些力学过程的发生、发展和演化;基于GPU的并行计算实现离散元大规模计算的高效性.对SDEM软件在地质灾害、工程海冰和铁路道床等领域的应用进行介绍.     

极小曲面力学超材料抗冲吸能特性分析

本文基于极小曲面结构构建了一类力学超材料,并研究了其准静态及动态力学特性.首先,通过对等效密度为30%、40%和50%的超材料样件进行准静态压缩试验,分析了不同等效密度下结构准静态力学特性变化规律,结果表明,结构模量及平台应力随等效密度的增长呈指数上升,其变化规律可用Gibson-Ashby模型进行精准拟合;其次,研究了不同冲击工况对极小曲面力学超材料动态力学特性的影响规律.根据动态力学特性影响因素及变化规律,分别构建了刚性-完美塑性-锁定模型和简化吸能特性预测模型,对冲击时的力学超材料强度及吸能特性进行预测.结果表明,基于三周期极小曲面的力学超材料具有良好的抗压抗冲吸能特性,且其动态力学性能可以通过建立的模型进行精确预测,为高性能防护结构设计提供了理论基础.     

双晶悬臂梁式压电换能器建模与结构参数分析

针对如何提高悬臂梁压电发电效率的问题,通过对压电换能器进行力学分析并建立了一个电路等效模型,从而得到了悬臂梁谐振角振频率和输出功率的计算公式。通过代入数值进行计算仿真得出结构参数对输出功率的影响的曲线。通过分析得出:在设计悬臂梁的结构参数时尽量在结构强度允许的条件下选择更重的附加质量块,电极长度和梁的长度比值为0.8,压电陶瓷和金属层厚度比为0.25,能提高换能效率等结论。     

《摩擦力》教学设计、反思之三

本节内容选自广东教育出版社出版的高中《物理》（必修1），教材从生活中的实例引入课题，直接对滑动摩擦力进行阐述，同时通过观察与思考，加深学生对滑动摩擦力的理解。通过一系列对静摩擦力规律的研究，加深对摩擦力的认识。“摩擦力大小的计算和方向的判断”对学生来说是一个难点，而摩擦力又是高中力学知识中常见的力之一，是受力分析的基础。本节学习的成败对以后的学习将产生影响，所以本节内容在物理教学中的地位和作用是重要的。     

基于JPEG-LS的高效掌纹图像安全编码算法

提出一种基于JPEG-LS的对掌纹图像压缩的加密算法,它将JPEG-LS编码系统进行改进,增加了基于前馈反馈非线性动力学滤波器(FFNDF)的安全系统,即针对图像压缩编码最后的熵编码阶段,引入混沌系统,去除图像的空间冗余和相关冗余,以尽可能地降低图像加密对压缩的影响.对算法进行了安全性分析.与其它混沌压缩编码加密算法进行比较的实验结果表明,提出的压缩加密算法不仅具有较高的加密效率和安全性,且计算复杂度低,对压缩性能没有影响.     

用分子模拟方法预测MOFs材料氢吸附的能力

用分子力学力场模拟法预测材料的储氢性能,为实验合成提供理论指导,降低开发成本和时间,有重要的实用意义.本文采用第一性原理推导的分子力学力场及巨正则系综蒙特卡洛模拟(GCMC)法和Feyman-Hibbs有效势计算氢分子在MOF-5体系的吸附曲线,所得不同温度和压力下的超额及绝对吸附曲线均与实验吻合良好,表明模拟法和力场的准确性.于是,预测了一系列不同MOFs材料的储放氢性能后,探讨材料结构和储氢能力.发现化学结构相似的MOFs材料,影响材料储放氢能力的关键因素是材料的自由体积.     

船用橡胶轴承刚度分析

为进行轴系与船体的耦合结构动力学分析,将船用橡胶轴承与轴颈的相互作用简化为以集中质量和刚度形式表述的动力学缩聚模型,并通过接触非线性有限元分析提取轴承结构的等效质量和等效刚度,准确描述含有超弹性橡胶材料的轴承结构在承受一定轴承压力下的力学行为.计算橡胶轴承结构等效质量、等效径向刚度、等效扭转刚度以及等效转动刚度等,并讨论橡胶压缩性对轴承刚度的影响.结果表明:随着橡胶可压缩性的增强,轴承的等效径向刚度增强,扭转刚度减弱.     

支承舱减振性能分析

支承舱是运载火箭与航天器之间的重要连接结构,支承舱的振动特性是力学环境设计需要考虑的因素之一.本文从振动环境控制的角度进行支承舱结构动力学分析,阐述了一种基于支承舱振动特性研究的改善航天器力学环境的方法.在有限元建模过程中,引入了材料级性能试验.计算并比较了不同材料支承舱结构对航天器振动环境的作用,比较了连接面形式对振动环境的影响.基于分析结果给出了进一步研究的建议.     

大型全回转浮式起重机平衡系统优化数学模型

针对大型全回转浮式起重机的结构和工况特点,在满足抗倾覆稳定性要求下,将浮式起重机自重产生的不平衡力矩与起升货物产生的不平衡力矩之和的均方根力矩作为目标函数值,建立以平衡系统主要构件强度、刚度、结构尺寸和回转轮压合理性为约束条件的多目标设计优化数学模型,运用遗传算法优化浮式起重机平衡系统,最终得出优化数据.该数学模型在具体优化过程中取得较为满意的优化结果,为大型全回转浮式起重机的设计优化提供有效方法.     

Low-speed motion control of a mechanical system

Position control of a mechanical system at low speed in the presence of dry friction leads to a slip-stick process and steady-state errors when state feedback is used. In this article, the power transfer between servomotors and the system is analyzed using a Hamiltonian formulation. The analysis shows that power dissipation at low speed cannot be achieved efficiently using a proportional derivative error feedback, with constant gains. A sliding mode approach is proposed and evaluated for achieving accurate positioning of a servomotor in the presence of significant dry friction. Simulation results show the performance of a constant-gain sliding mode controller and of a self-adjusting sliding mode controller.     

基于偏差耦合的起重机起升机构同步控制

针对大型起重机起升机构的驱动电机在负载发生扰动时同步性能较差的问题,采用滑模变结构控制与偏差耦合控制算法相结合的方法,设计了起重机起升机构同步控制器。在Matlab/Simulink仿真环境下建立仿真模型,仿真结果表明该系统具有较好的动态性能,并且有较强的鲁棒性和抗干扰性。     

转台伺服系统滑模变结构控制器的设计与仿真研究

摩擦阻力是转台伺服系统低速运行状态下主要的非线性干扰，该文在介绍了非线性摩擦环节的动态，静态模型及其对转台伺服系统性能的影响的基础上，设计了一个补偿摩擦的滑模变结构控制器，在转台伺服系统的输入加入一个滑模变结构控制器，来补偿非线性摩擦带来的影响，保证了系统的鲁棒性能，仿真结果表明，效果良好。     

Concerning a Technique for Increasing Stability of Climbing Robots

Legged-climbing robot is considered. Each foot of the robot has an electromagnet system for robot"s holding on a metal surface. This surface can be both vertical and inclined, including negative slope. Analytical calculation of robot stability under turn over or sliding conditions has been made. Critical slopes have been determined. One of these slopes corresponds to minimal reserve of robot stability towards sliding and another to minimal reserve of robot stability towards turning-over. As total reserve of stability of a robot is always equal to the minimal one of these reserves. Additional support elements of elastic material with high coefficient of friction, along with electromagnet, allows to increase minimal reserve of robot stability towards sliding. The use of such support elements leads to redistributing force of normal support reaction between electromagnet (which surface has low coefficient of friction) and additional support element (which surface has high coefficient of friction). It is just what leads to increasing the total friction force and as a consequence to increasing of minimal reserve of robot stability towards sliding.     

VS‐CONTROL WITH TIME‐VARYING SLIDING SECTOR — DESIGN AND APPLICATION TO PENDULUM —

In general, a Variable Structure (VS) system is designed with a sliding mode. Recently a sliding sector, designed by an algebraic Riccati equation, has been proposed to replace the sliding mode for chattering‐free VS controllers. In this paper we extend the design algorithm for the sliding sector to a time‐varying sliding sector. The time‐varying sliding sector is defined by functions dependent on both state and time, hence time‐varying uncertainty can be considered. The VS controller is designed to stabilize an uncertain system, quadratically. The design procedure for real systems is introduced via an implementation to the control of “Furuta pendulum”. To enhance the stability it is necessary to compensate the time‐varying nonlinear static friction of the actuator adequately, hence this problem is a good example to demonstrate the performance of the proposed VS control method. In the experiment, it will be shown that the VS control with the time‐varying sliding sector is superior to an orthodox chattering‐free VS control.     

Application of intelligent sliding mode control with moving sliding surface for overhead cranes

In this paper, neural-based fuzzy logic sliding mode control with moving sliding surface has been designed for supervision of an overhead crane. A mathematical model has been established of the crane, and equations of motion have been obtained. First, the suitable sliding surface coefficient has been determined for the fixed sliding surface in the design of sliding mode control. The sliding surface has been moved by using neural-based fuzzy logic algorithm to eliminate disadvantage of the regular sliding mode control. By application of this control algorithm, the control performance incredibly increased. In the application, during the carriage of the load to a target which was 1 m away by a crane with 3 kg of load and 100 cm of rope length, the parameters of effected controllers were updated and their training was realized. In order to display the insensitiveness of the controller to parametric uncertainty, the value of the load was taken as 8 kg and the length of the rope was taken as 3 m and controls for a different target were realized. MATLAB program was used for numerical solutions, and results were examined graphically. Obtained results displayed the success of the algorithm of neural-based fuzzy logic sliding mode control.     

一类非线性系统的自适应滑模模糊控制

针对一类具有多个子系统的欠驱动非线性系统提出了一种自适应滑模模糊控制方法. 首先通过分析模糊控制与边界层滑模控制的相似性,提出了滑模模糊控制方法;然后根据滑模 面斜率和各子系统控制对于系统动态性能的影响,分别采用模糊推理根据系统状态自动地实时 调节滑模面斜率和各子系统在系统控制中的作用;最后通过简单的滑模模糊控制器实现对具有 多个子系统的欠驱动非线性系统的控制.将该方法应用于吊车的运输控制中,仿真结果证明了 其有效性和鲁棒性.     

组合式加载方法测试树脂基复合材料压缩性能的探究

纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板的压缩强度和压缩模量是复合材料结构设计、制造和使用维护的基本力学性能参数,为新材料研发、质量控制和结构设计提供重要依据。而不同压缩性能测试方法对其最终性能指标有重要的影响,甚至得出截然不同的结果。针对以上问题,通过对现有不同复合材料压缩性能测试方法的系统分析与讨论,结合相关测试经验,通过改进ASTM D 6641和GB/T 5258中组合式加载（CLC）测试夹具,优化了CLC加载测试复合材料的压缩性能的方法,提高了复合材料压缩性能测试方法的准确性、有效性和操作简便性,对纤维增强树脂基复合材料的开发与结构设计等具有重要的现实意义。     

Design principle of micromechanical probe with an electrostatic actuator for friction force microscopy

It is important to understand friction force in micro/nano mechanical devices both at high sliding speed and with high lateral resolution. Dual-axis friction force microscopes that can provide high lateral resolution and accuracy have been proposed; however, the sliding speed is limited by the probe scan speed. While a micro mechanical probe (MMP) with an electrostatic actuator can overcome this problem, details of probe design have not been established yet. This paper presents the principle of the mechanical design for an MMP with high force sensitivity and sufficient drive force. The dimensions of the double cantilever beam control the spring constants, resonant frequencies, and drive force. The use of an actuated MMP enables accurate friction force microscopy at high sliding speeds, which is required for the design of micro/nano mechanical devices.