一种改进的基于纹理的图像修复算法

图像修复是数字图像处理领域重要的研究内容,该文针对Criminisi等人提出的基于纹理的图像修复算法的一些不足,提出一种改进算法,优化了纹理块优先权的计算方法,采用新的搜索匹配块方法和改进了匹配准则.实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的修复效果.     

基于样本块与曲率特征的图像修复改进算法*

针对目前基于样本块的图像修复算法在图像修复过程中容易产生错误的匹配纹理块,难以保持纹理结构连贯性的问题,提出了结合等照度线的曲率特征和高斯函数的图像修复改进算法,首先在数据项中引入了反映纹理结构特征的曲率因子来计算优先权;其次运用高斯函数更新置信项,避免了因置信项快速下降而导致的误匹配问题。通过计算修复结果的PSNR值与其他算法进行对比,实验结果表明,该算法对丰富纹理信息的图像有更好的修复效果。     

新搜索策略下的快速图像修复算法

提出了一种新搜索策略下的快速图像修复算法。通过定义新的优先权计算函数,克服了图像低纹理区域修复过于滞后的问题。又通过预测修复后图像块统计属性,对所有待匹配的图像块进行筛选,加快了图像修复速度,改善了修复效果。实验结果显示,该算法适用于多种类型的数字图像修复。     

基于优先权改进和块划分的图像修复

目的 针对基于样本块的Criminisi图像修复算法易发生置信项迅速下降趋于零,使优先权计算公式失效,导致修复顺序错乱造成的修复效果失真问题,以及在搜索匹配块时存在的搜索范围过大,效率过低,易出现匹配到不符合视觉效果的纹理块问题,提出一种基于优先权改进和块划分的图像修复算法。方法 首先重新定义优先权中的置信项,用样本块中的棋盘距离替代原计算公式,保证优先权一直发挥作用,从而减少因修复顺序不合理造成的错误匹配;其次根据图像纹理信息将其自适应划分为不同大小的图像块,使待修复样本块只在具有相似特征的图像块区域内搜索匹配。结果 实验结果表明,新定义的优先权,保证了修复算法的正常进行,改善了修复图像的视觉效果;由图像自适应块划分引导匹配过程,可使匹配在更少的候选块中进行,提高了算法速度。将本文方法与3种全局搜索匹配方法和1种局部搜索匹配方法进行修复结果对比分析,本文方法的修复结果视觉完整性较好,而且修复时间小于其中3种算法。结论 通过改进Criminisi算法优先权中的置信项,避免因其趋于零导致的修复顺序错乱造成的错误累积情况的发生;同时通过改进待修复匹配块的搜索范围,对整幅图像进行自适应块划分,使搜索只在相似块中进行,不仅减少了时间,而且提高了匹配的准确性。本文方法对于自然图像中大面积目标物体移除方面有较好的应用,可获得较满意的修复效果。     

一种改进的基于样例的图像修复算法

经典的Criminisi图像修复算法,通过结合偏微分方程算法和纹理合成算法两者的优点,对图像的纹理和结构同时进行修复,获得了较好的视觉效果。但基于样例的图像修复算法在定义优先权时仅考虑了置信度和数据项,导致错误信息的繁衍,使修复结果不理想。在Criminisi算法基础上,提出一种改进的基于样例的图像修复方法。通过重新定义修复块的优先权,增加一种度量图像平滑性的几何量,同时增加最佳匹配块的限制条件,从而使修复后的图像获得了更好的视觉效果。     

一种有效的大区域图像修复算法

关于图像修复优化,普通的非纹理图像修复或纹理综合算法都不能对修复区域为大区域的自然图像取得很好的修复结果,传统的CPT算法提出了一种很好的解决自然图像修复思路,结合纹理综合和非纹理修复的方法,采用迭代算法,每次对优先权最高的一点进行块匹配,以此来提高修复过程的有效性,但也存在不足。通过对CPT算法存在的问题进行分析,并在其框架下进行充实和改进,提出一种有效的大区域图像修复算法,并给出一种全新的梯度优先的计算方法。实验证明该方法是有效的,提高了大区域图像修复效果。     

改进的块匹配五台山壁画修复算法

针对五台山壁画破损区域形状不规则、大小不均匀,采用Criminisi算法修复时易出现错误填充的问题,提出一种改进的块匹配五台山壁画数字化修复算法.首先在计算优先权,除置信度与数据项之外引入分散度项,确保信息最丰富的块被优先修复;然后结合图像块结构的整体性将协方差因子引入相似度计算中,以减少错误填充率.对五台山破损壁画进行数字化修复的实验结果表明,该算法较好地解决了Criminisi算法的错误填充问题.     

基于马尔科夫随机场匹配准则的Criminisi修复算法

传统的基于样本的修复算法在修复数字图像时精度较低,提出了一种基于马尔科夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)匹配准则的Criminisi数字图像修复算法。该算法以马尔科夫随机场替代欧氏距离匹配准则,在寻找最佳匹配块前首先通过马尔科夫随机场对图像纹理建模,然后计算图像全局能量对待修复像素块进行估值,最后寻找最佳匹配块以达到全局最优。实验结果表明,该算法对数字图像的修复有了很大改善,纹理误匹配率下降,修复精度得到明显提高。     

基于聚类分割和纹理合成的图像修复改进算法

Criminisi提出的基于样本的图像修复技术需要在整幅图像中遍历样本,代价太大,并可能因选择错误的样本,不断迭代更新后而导致错误信息累积,使修复结果出现较大的偏差。同时,考虑到Criminisi算法中优先权函数的计算失误可能导致修复结果中出现结构失真,由此提出一种基于聚类分割和纹理合成的图像修复改进算法,将目标样本块的搜索限定在与源样本块所覆盖的类别一致的区域当中。在像素点优先权计算中,引入该像素点邻域灰度梯度差值信息,提出更为合理的优先权计算公式,以最大限度保证复杂场景中边缘优先传递,并在置信度更新项中有差别地对待新填充像素点。通过实验证明,改进算法不仅解决了Criminisi算法可能存在的结构偏差延续问题,修复视觉效果更加符合人们的主观感受,而且大大缩短了修复时间。     

参照四邻域裁剪样本的图像修复算法

针对结构纹理信息较复杂、破损尺度较大的图像修复问题,提出一种既能保持图像特征又能提高修复速度的参照四邻域裁剪样本的修复算法,将图像修复问题转化为最佳样本的检索过程。首先,提取图像结构信息,并对图像进行区域划分以缩小样本的裁剪与检索范围;其次,为了改进离差平方和（SSD）方法对块的结构信息匹配的忽视,在像素块匹配计算中引入结构对称匹配约束,有效避免了误匹配,提高了图像块匹配精度及样本搜索效率;然后,通过引入结构因子和置信度,结合传统的优先权计算,得到突出结构作用的优先级公式;最后,利用目标块与四邻域块间的重叠区域计算四邻域参照优先级,并根据四邻域提供的可靠参照信息,依据改进的块匹配方法裁剪样本集并检索最佳样本块,直至所有目标块都检索匹配到最佳样本,完成修复。实验结果表明,该算法可以很好地解决纹理模糊和结构错位等问题,在提高图像修复速度的同时,所提算法修复效果的峰值信噪比（PSNR）比其他对比算法平均提高了0.5~1 dB,使得修复后的图像更好地满足视觉连通性,同时能高效地修复一般区域,具有更好的普适性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.