考虑震后道路可靠性的多目标应急调度问题研究

针对重大自然灾害应急物资调度决策问题，提出一种考虑灾后道路可靠性的多目标优化应急调度模型，以最长车辆行驶时间最小、最小车辆行驶路径可靠度最大和系统物资未满足度最小为目标函数，采用第二代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）和加权遗传算法（GA）进行求解，并对求解目标函数结果进行对比分析.以“汶川地震”为仿真算例，结果表明：在多目标应急调度问题上，NSGA-Ⅱ各目标最优解均优于加权GA算法且收敛速度更快，验证了该应急调度模型的有效性.     

双层规划在灾后应急物资调度中的应用综述

为了减少财产损失和人员伤亡、提高灾民满意度,基于双层规划理论,从应急救援角度出发,对突发灾害事件下的应急物资调度问题进行综述。围绕应急物资调度,从灾后应急现状、应急物资选址—分配、不同约束下的应急物资调度及双层规划和群智能优化算法在应急物资调度中的应用等方面进行梳理和讨论。结果表明,关于灾后应急物资调度的研究,目前主要关注单级应急网络结构,且模型的目标函数和约束条件与实际情况存在着出入,结合应急物资调度实际特征提出改进建议;考虑两级应急网络结构,进而构建双层规划模型,实现上下级目标的联合优化。     

基于变长基因型遗传算法的多供应点应急物资调度优化

如何及时高效地调度应急物资以减小突发事件带来的伤害成为社会关注的焦点问题。在综合考虑新冠肺炎疫情这类特殊突发事件特点的前提下,构建了一类多供应点多式联运应急物资调度网络,并以运输成本最低、时间惩罚最少、配送员被感染风险最小为优化目标建立了一类多目标调度优化模型。考虑到基于聚类思想的优化算法在解决多供应点,尤其是多目标调度优化问题中缩减可行域方法科学性存疑的局限性,提出了一类考虑完全可行域思想的变长基因型混合小生境遗传算法,并借助23个基准测试实例验证了这一算法的有效性,更新了部分实例的现有最优解。在此基础上,通过比较多供应点应急物资多式联运算例中四类遗传算法的仿真结果进一步验证了混合小生境等改进策略的优越性。     

多供应点、多需求点应急物资调运模型及算法

研究了多供应点、多需求点应急物资调运问题的优化目标、决策模型及求解算法。首先,从需求点的角度考虑应急物资的需求紧迫程度、运达时间和需求满足情况,提出了应急保障综合评价函数。在此基础上,兼顾不同供需情况以及应急物资和运输工具种类的多样性,构建了以应急保障综合评价函数值最小为目标的决策模型。最后,针对模型特点提出了嵌入解构造算法的改进粒子群优化算法(IPSOA-ESCA)。仿真实验验证了应急保障综合评价函数的合理性、模型的普适性和算法的有效性。     

多禁止时间窗约束的路径恢复问题研究

突发灾难的应急物资的配送有时受多禁止时间约束，为此，针对多禁止时间窗约束的应急物资运输路径优化问题，考虑多禁止时间窗的约束，建立了以总配送时间最小为目标、多禁止时间窗约束的应急物资运输路径优化模型。鉴于该模型为混合整数规划模型，采用GUROBI求解，并与建立的对应的多时间窗约束的路径优化模型对比。最后通过算例分析验证了该模型的高效性和算法的有效性。结果表明，多禁止时间窗约束的应急物资运输路径优化模型求解效率更高；此外评估救灾点对配送时间的影响以及分析多禁止时间窗对应急物资配送规划的影响，结果表明部分救灾点显著影响总配送时间，禁止时间窗的开始时间以及宽度影响总配送路线、时间以及到达各救灾点的时间，因此考虑时间约束特点可为应急物资运输决策提供实用价值。     

应急物资运输与分配决策模型及其改进粒子群优化算法

综合考虑我国应急管理实践、应急响应时间限制以及应急物资分配中的公平要求,在三级应急物资运输网络的基础上,建立了以系统损失最小为目标的应急物资运输和分配决策模型.针对模型的整数非线性规划的特点,提出了改进粒子群（PSO）算法,通过在不同维度上确定不同学习对象,加强了粒子的空间搜索能力.数值算例验证了模型和算法的有效性.     

震后应急物资供应点的多目标动态定位-分配模型

为提高救灾效率,需要研究震后应急物资供应点的定位-分配问题。因此,以需求效用最大化和物资分配公平性为目标,基于混合整数规划方法建立震后应急物资供应点多目标定位-分配模型。根据所建模型的特点,设计基于矩阵编码与小生境技术的非支配排序多目标遗传算法,对定位-分配问题进行求解。算例结果表明,该算法能够有效获得Pareto前沿,决策者可根据偏好与实际需要权衡多个目标,在Pareto前沿面上选择合适的决策方案。     

震后初期应急物资配送LRP中的干扰管理研究

研究震后初期应急物资配送定位-路径问题（LRP）中的干扰事件实时决策方法,综合考虑灾区路网损毁情况、需求点的模糊需求量与时间窗限制、多方式配送等因素,以应急物资总配送时间最短构建了震后应急物流LRP的优化模型,并结合行为科学中对人的行为感知的研究方法从灾区需求点、应急决策部门、应急物流执行者三个方面分析干扰事件对应急物流系统的扰动,在此基础上以系统扰动最小为目标构建一个字典序的干扰管理模型。最后,根据模型特点设计干扰事件处理策略与混合蚁群算法予以求解。算例结果表明,该方法比全局重优化方法和局部重优化方法更加合理有效。     

震后初期应急物资分配-运输的协同决策: 公平与效率兼顾

针对震后初期灾区应急物资严重短缺的现实情况,考虑到受灾群众的非理性攀比心理,基于公平与效率兼顾的视角,构建应急物资分配-运输的双层协同优化模型.顶层模型以所有需求点的损失攀比效应总和最小为目标,保障应急物资分配的公平性;底层模型以应急物资运达需求点的时间攀比效应总和最小、总运输时间最短为目标,保障应急物资配送的公平性与效率性.并根据模型特点设计一种混合遗传算法求解.最后,通过案例验证所提出方法的合理性和有效性.     

长江集装箱多式联运路径优化动态规划算法

考虑不同货流运输需求及其时间窗约束,研究长江集装箱多式联运路径优化问题,以运输总费用最小为目标构建数学模型,提出基于深度优先遍历的两阶段多式联运路径优化动态规划算法.第一阶段通过网络遍历提供所有货流可行路径方案集,作为第二阶段的输入完成多式联运路径优化.算例研究结果表明,动态规划算法可实现模型有效求解,适当调整时间窗约束或班次信息可降低多式联运费用.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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