基于粗糙集的非监督快速属性选择算法

针对"大数据"中常见的大规模无监督数据集中特征选择速度难以满足实际应用要求的问题,在经典粗糙集绝对约简增量式算法的基础上提出了一种快速的属性选择算法。首先,将大规模数据集看作一个随机到来的对象序列,并初始化候选约简为空集;然后每次都从大规模数据集中无放回地随机抽取一个对象,并且每次都判断使用当前候选约简能否区分这一对象和当前对象集中所有应当区分的对象,并将该对象放入到当前对象集中,如果不能区分则向候选约简中添加合适的属性;最后,如果连续I次都没有发现无法区分的对象,那么将候选约简作为大规模数据集的约简。在5个非监督大规模数据集上的实验表明,所求得的约简能够区分95%以上的对象对,并且求取该约简所需的时间不到基于区分矩阵的算法和增量式约简算法的1%;在文本主题挖掘的实验中,使用约简后的数据集挖掘出的文本主题同原始数据集挖掘出的主题基本一致。两组实验结果表明该方法能够有效快速对大规模数据集进行属性选择。     

新的基于区分对象集的邻域粗糙集属性约简算法

基于正域的属性约简算法是利用"下近似"思想,仅考虑被正确区分样本数的约简算法。借鉴"上近似"的思想,利用"邻域信息粒"的概念定义了区分对象集,探讨了其基本性质,并提出了基于区分对象集的属性重要度度量及启发式属性约简算法。该约简算法既考虑信息决策表的相对正域,也考虑以核属性为启发信息逐个增加条件属性时对边界域样本的影响。通过实例分析,说明了所提算法的可行性,并且以6个UCI标准数据集为实验对象,与基于正域的属性约简算法进行对比实验。实验结果说明,采用提出的约简算法得到的约简属性集,与基于正域的属性约简算法相比,在进行分类任务时的分类精度能够保持不变或有所提高。     

遗传算法与区分矩阵的属性约简算法

对于约简来说,其前提是保证知识库分类能力不变,由此引入弱约简的定义。利用区分矩阵能很容易计算出弱约简和遗传算法可以在全局寻优的优势,将染色体对区分函数的覆盖度作为适应度函数的参数,提出了一种基于遗传算法和区分矩阵的属性约简算法。算法中从粒计算的角度,重新度量粒度,对基于划分和覆盖的粗糙集决策表进行了研究。用k近邻算法通过准确率对弱约简效果进行评估。通过UCI数据集证明了该算法的有效性。该算法的时间复杂度是多项式的。     

基于粒度计算的特征选择方法

从粒度计算的划分模型出发,重新定义了相容决策表的约简,并给出了一种新的基于粒度计算的属性约简算法.该算法以信息熵作为启发信息,通过逐渐增加属性构成条件属性集相对于决策属性的约简,再通过删除约简中的所有不必要属性,得到最小约简.该算法有效地降低了计算属性约简的时间复杂度,可以用于较大规模数据集的特征选择.在5个公开的基因表达数据集上的实验证明了该算法能找到高区分能力的特征子集.     

基于聚类粒化和簇间散度的属性约简算法

属性约简是粗糙集理论中的研究热点,对连续值数据进行属性约简的算法大多基于优势关系或邻域关系。然而连续值数据集的属性不一定具有优势关系;而基于邻域关系的属性约简算法虽然可以通过邻域半径调整粒化程度,不过由于各属性量纲不同且半径参数为连续值使半径难以统一,导致整个参数粒化过程计算量较大。为解决此问题,提出一种基于聚类粒化的多粒度属性约简策略。首先,利用聚类方法将相似样本归类,并提出了基于聚类的近似集、相对正域及正域约简概念;其次,根据JS（Jensen-Shannon）散度理论对簇间各属性数据分布进行差异性度量,并选择出具有代表性的特征用以区分不同类簇;最后,利用可辨识矩阵设计了属性约简算法。所提算法不要求属性具有序关系,且不同于邻域半径,聚类参数为离散值,调节此参数就能够对数据集形成不同粒化程度的划分。在UCI与Kent Ridge数据集上进行的实验结果表明,该属性约简算法可以直接处理连续值数据,且该算法在较小范围内离散地调节聚类参数便能在保持甚至提高分类精度的前提下去除数据集中的冗余特征。     

模糊层次商空间的快速属性约简算法

针对传统属性约简算法利用等价关系计算过程繁琐,样本集较大时运行时间长的问题,提出一种利用模糊欧氏距离的快速属性约简算法。定义模糊欧氏距离计算属性间距离;应用层次商空间结构构建约简粒层空间;以粒层空间聚类结果作为约简基础,实现样本集属性约简。仿真结果表明,该算法约简速度不受样本集样本数量限制,运算速度较快,能够在不删除样本的情况下实现数据的快速约简,约简后对数据集分类精度影响小,部分数据集分类精度有所提升,为大规模数据集约简提供了新的研究思路。     

一种基于粒计算属性约简算法的改进及应用

本文介绍了粒计算及粗糙集的基本概念,通过对粒计算下的粗糙集模型中两种属性约简算法分析对比,提出结合两种属性约简方法,即用差别矩阵求得核属性后,将属性重要性作为启发信息继续进行属性约简,可取得合理的属性组合,并将该方法应用于农业气象数据,挖掘出了合理的可进行预测的规则集。     

基于长度约束区分矩阵的约简算法研究

粗糙集理论是机器学习和数据挖掘领域的重要课题之一,其中属性约简算法是该理论实现应用的主要算法。提出了一种基于长度约束区分矩阵的约简算法（RABDMLC算法）,通过抽样数据集计算平均区分矩阵项长,构造区分矩阵时不构造长于平均区分矩阵项长的项,在一定程度上提高了约简的效率。与基于属性频度函数的约简算法进行对比试验分析后,验证了该算法是有效和可行的。     

基于局部条件区分能力的高效属性约简算法

基于区分矩阵的传统属性约简方法具有直观易理解的优点,但时间和空间复杂度都很高,当数据规模较大或条件属性较多时,会无法快速得到约简结果.为解决该问题,在区分关系的基础上构造了条件区分能力来进行属性选择,提出一种基于条件区分能力的属性约简算法.而为了进一步加快属性重要性的计算、提高约简效率,依据大数定律中频率的稳定性,通过...     

基于SQL的粗糙集属性约简方法

建立粗糙集模型和SQL语言之间的关系,给出信息系统中基于SQL语言的属性集区分能力、对象集的上下近似、属性重要性、核、约简等概念,提出基于属性集区分能力的完备属性约简算法。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性,为粗糙集理论更广泛地应用于具体的实践提供了一种方法。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate