基于SVM的Web文本快速增量分类算法*

针对基于支持向量机的Web文本分类效率低的问题,提出了一种基于支持向量机Web文本的快速增量分类FVI-SVM算法。算法保留增量训练集中违反KKT条件的Web文本特征向量,克服了Web文本训练集规模巨大,造成支持向量机训练效率低的缺点。算法通过计算支持向量的共享最近邻相似度,去除冗余支持向量,克服了在增量学习过程中不断加入相似文本特征向量而导致增量学习的训练时间消耗加大、分类效率下降的问题。实验结果表明,该方法在保证分类精度的前提下,有效提高了支持向量机的训练效率和分类效率。     

物联网环境下基于情境的语义Web服务选择

当前Web服务海量增加，物联网应用技术快速发展、不断普及，而现有的Web服务选择算法低效、用户匹配度低。针对该问题提出一种物联网环境下基于情境的语义Web服务选择方法。该方法应用QoS参数的无量纲化与语义Web服务动态选择方式，将物联网环境下服务与语义Web服务相结合，并根据用户需求针对QoS选择最优的服务集。实验表明，该方法能有效地提高用户服务动态选择的成功率。     

基于BERT模型的中文短文本分类算法

针对现有中文短文本分类算法通常存在特征稀疏、用词不规范和数据海量等问题,提出一种基于Transformer的双向编码器表示(BERT)的中文短文本分类算法,使用BERT预训练语言模型对短文本进行句子层面的特征向量表示,并将获得的特征向量输入Softmax回归模型进行训练与分类。实验结果表明,随着搜狐新闻文本数据量的增加,该算法在测试集上的整体F1值最高达到93%,相比基于TextCNN模型的短文本分类算法提升6个百分点,说明其能有效表示句子层面的语义信息,具有更好的中文短文本分类效果。     

Mixed-Fisher特征云模型聚类在文本情感分类中的应用

海量网络信息的出现,使得提取文本信息情感观点成为研究的热点。针对文本情感分类中文本信息模糊及分类准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于Mixed-Fisher特征选择的文本云向量模型聚类算法。该算法首先分别计算文档中各个词性特征项的Fisher判别比,根据Fisher判别比越大特征向量判别性越强的Fisher准则,选择Fisher比值较大的前q个特征,并按照词性进行组合生成文档的Mixed-Fisher特征向量。然后在Mixed-Fisher特征向量集上构建文档的云向量模型,根据云向量模型间的差异度对模型进行聚类和合并。将该算法应用于文本情感观点的分类,选择核Fisher判别技术用于最终文本观点的判定。仿真实验结果表明,基于Mixed-Fisher特征的云向量聚类模型的分类准确率明显优于传统向量空间模型,从而验证了核Fisher判别技术的有效性。     

基于未知类语义约束自编码的零样本图像分类

为缓解传统零样本图像分类模型中存在的领域偏移问题,提出一种基于未知类语义约束自编码的零样本图像分类模型.首先,利用预训练的ResNet101网络提取所有已知类和未知类图像的视觉特征;其次,通过编码器将提取的图像深度视觉特征从视觉空间映射到语义空间;然后,通过解码器将映射后得到的语义向量重构为视觉特征向量,在语义自编码器的训练过程中,利用未知类图像的聚类视觉中心和未知类语义类原型的分布对齐施加约束,以缓解领域偏移问题;最后,基于经编码器预测得到的测试图像语义向量和各测试类语义类原型之间的相似性,采用最近邻算法实现零样本图像分类.在AwA2和CUB数据集上的实验结果表明,所提出模型具有较高的分类准确度.     

基于改进TF-IDF和ABLCNN的中文文本分类模型

文本分类是自然语言处理领域中的重要内容,常用于信息检索、情感分析等领域.针对传统的文本分类模型文本特征提取不全面、文本语义表达弱的问题,提出一种基于改进TF-IDF算法、带有注意力机制的长短期记忆卷积网络(Attention base on Bi-LSTM and CNN,ABLCNN)相结合的文本分类模型.该模型首先利用特征项在类内、类间的分布关系和位置信息改进TF-IDF算法,突出特征项的重要性,并结合Word2vec工具训练的词向量对文本进行表示;然后使用ABLCNN提取文本特征,ABLCNN结合了注意力机制、长短期记忆网络和卷积神经网络的优点,既可以有重点地提取文本的上下文语义特征,又兼顾了局部语义特征;最后,将特征向量通过softmax函数进行文本分类.在THUCNews数据集和online_shopping_10_cats数据集上对基于改进TF-IDF和ABLCNN的文本分类模型进行实验,结果表明,所提模型在两个数据集上的准确率分别为97.38％和91.33％,高于其他文本分类模型.     

基于GAT2VEC的Web服务分类方法

随着SOA技术的发展,Web服务被广泛应用,服务数量增长迅速.正确高效地对Web服务进行分类,对于提高服务发现质量、促进服务组合效率非常重要.然而,现有的Web服务分类技术存在描述文本稀疏、未充分考虑属性信息以及结构关系等问题,难以有效提升Web服务分类的精度.针对此问题,提出一种基于GAT2VEC的Web服务分类方法.首先,针对Web服务之间的结构关系和自身的属性信息分别构建出多个相对应的结构关系图和属性二分图,并采用随机游走算法生成Web服务的结构上下文和属性上下文;然后,利用SkipGram模型对联合上下文进行训练,得到融合多维信息的表征向量;最后,采用SVM模型实现Web服务的分类预测.在ProgrammableWeb真实数据集上进行对比实验,实验结果表明：相比于Doc2vec,LDA,Deepwalk,Node2vec和TriDNR这5种方法,所提出的方法在Macro F1值上有了135.3%,60.3%,12.4%,10.5%和4.3%的提升,切实提高了服务分类的精度.     

基于云模型的最接近支持向量机增量学习方法*

针对经典支持向量机在增量学习中的不足,提出一种基于云模型的最接近支持向量机增量学习算法。该方法利用最接近支持向量机的快速学习能力生成初始分类超平面,并与k近邻法对全部训练集进行约简,在得到的较小规模的精简集上构建云模型分类器直接进行分类判断。该算法模型简单,不需迭代求解,时间复杂度较小,有较好的抗噪性,能较好地体现新增样本的分布规律。仿真实验表明,本算法能够保持较好的分类精度和推广能力,运算速度较快。     

基于数据挖掘中文书目自动分类算法

提出一种改进的数据挖掘算法。首先采用ICTCLAS系统进行文本预处理,以词频特征构建词条向量;然后融合词频特征和词频-逆向文件频率特征,构建训练样本集的特征矩阵;接着对该矩阵进行奇异值分解变换,得到语义空间,用于对文本特征向量进行语义空间变换,得到语义向量;最后构建联合支持向量机分类器,实现中文书目所对应的语义向量的自动分类。最后做了大量的仿真实验,实验结果表明,本文方法的分类准确率高于现有方法。     

结合多尺度体素和高阶条件随机场的点云分类

针对利用经典高阶条件随机场模型进行点云分类时,由于海量节点和无向边导致的点云分类效率低的问题,提出一种结合多尺度体素和高阶条件随机场的点云分类方法.首先以多尺度体素代替海量离散点云作为无向图图模型节点,减少节点和无向边的数量;然后使用超体分割结果作为高阶团,并基于此设计了一种非监督分布性空间上下文作为高阶团特征向量,用于改善分类结果;最后结合构建的图模型和各阶特征向量,采用经典高阶条件随机场模型实现点云数据的自动分类.采用Oakland标准数据集作为实验数据,实验结果表明,该方法在有效地保证分类精度的前提下,高阶条件随机场点云分类模型的分类效率提高了5～10倍.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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