MLSVM4--一种多乘子协同优化的SVM快速学习算法

贯序最小优化（SMO）算法是解决大数据集支持向量机学习问题的一种有效方法,但SMO选择工作集的策略是选择数据集中最违背KKT条件的两个样本,而且还使用了随机函数,使得优化过程具有很大的随机性,影响了学习效率．在多拉格朗日乘子协同优化的通用公式基础上,吸收了Keerthi所提出的SMO修改算法中双阈值的优点,给出了乘子数为4时的一个算法MLSVM4,由于能更加精确地确定待优化样本的拉格朗日乘子值,使得学习收敛速度大大提高,特别是在使用线性核的场合下效果更加明显,在Adult、Web、手写体数字数据集上的实验结果表明,MLSVM4算法速度超过了SMO算法3到42倍．     

加快SMO算法训练速度的策略研究

SMO（序贯最小优化算法）算法是目前解决支持向量机训练问题的一种十分有效的方法,但是当面对大样本数据时,SMO训练速度比较慢。考虑到在SVM的优化过程中并不是所有样本都能影响优化进展,提出了两种删除样本的策略：一种是基于距离,一种是基于拉格朗日乘子的值。在几个著名的数据集的试验结果表明,两种策略都可以大大缩短SMO的训练时间,特别适用于大样本数据。     

并行SMO改进算法的研究与实现

针对支持向量机SMO训练算法在遇到大规模问题时训练过慢的问题,提出了一种改进的工作集选择模型的并行算法.在该算法中,根据支持向量机训练过程中的特点,提出了限定工作集选择次数、工作集选择的过程中跳过稳定样本的策略.对该SMO算法进行并行训练,3组著名数据集的实验结果表明,该模型在保持精度的情况下,进一步提高了训练的速度.     

精确增量式ε型孪生支持向量回归机

为了解决现有ε型孪生支持向量回归机的训练算法无法高效处理线性回归的增量学习问题,提出了一种精确增量式ε型孪生支持向量回归机(AIETSVR).首先通过计算新增样本的拉格朗日乘子以及调整边界样本的拉格朗日乘子,尽可能减少新增样本的二次损失对原有样本的影响,使得大部分原有样本依然满足Karush–Kuhn–Tucker(KKT)条件,从而获得一个有效的初始状态;其次对异常拉格朗日乘子逐步调整至满足KKT条件;然后从理论上分析了AIETSVR的可行性和有限收敛性;最后在基准测试数据集上进行仿真.结果表明,与现有的代表性算法相比,AIETSVR能够获得精确解,在缩短大规模数据集的训练时间上优势显著.     

提高超大规模SVM训练计算速度的研究

近年来用支持向量机(Support Vector Machine)解决大样本问题的尝试日渐增多.限制SVM在大样本问题中应用的一个关键因素是SVM训练所引出的超大规模二次规划问题无法由标准的二次规划方法所解决.SMO算法(Sequential Minimal Optimization)是一种有发展前途的大规模SVM训练算法,我们用块算法的思想对其进行了改进,并称改进后的算法为分块SMO算法(CSMO).新算法对于带有小支持向量集的超大样本问题在速度方面具有明显的优势.     

一种改进的序贯最小优化算法

序贯最小优化(SMO)算法是目前解决支持向量机训练问题的一种十分有效的方法,但是当面对大样本数据时,SMO训练速度比较慢。本文分析了SMO迭代过程中目标函数值的变化情况,进而提出以目标函数值的改变量作为算法终止的判定条件。几个著名的数据集的试验结果表明,该方法可以大大缩短SMO的训练时间,特别适用于大样本数据。     

不同种类支持向量机算法的比较研究

介绍一种新型的机器学习方法-支持向量机.论述了不同种类支持向量机算法并指出了每种算法的优劣.实验结果显示了核函数中选择合适的参数对分类器的效果是很重要的,通过实验还重点比较了Chunking、SMO和SVMlight三种典型分解算法,并分析了训练速度优劣的原因.文章最后给出了今后SVM研究方向的一些预见.     

支持向量机(SVM)的研究进展

介绍了基于分解思想的支持向量机的训练算法,主要有两大类:块算法和固定工作样本集算法及其对应的快速算法SVM-light、SMO、BSVM和LIBSVM;介绍了支持向量机的变形算法、多类分类算法及模型选择问题;并且对近年来支持向量机在实际中的应用做了简要介绍,最后讨论了支持向量机亟待解决的问题并对其发展进行了展望.     

多拉格朗日乘子协同优化的SVM快速学习算法研究

提出了一个利用多个拉格朗日乘子协同优化的支持向量机快速学习方法（MLSVM），并给出了每个乘子的可行域范围的定义公式，由于在每个乘子的优化过程中使用了解析表达式，使得算法可以更加精确和快速地逼近最优解，可以证明SMO算法是该方法的一个特例．在此方法的理论指导下，根据不同的学习策略，程序实现了3种不同的具体算法（MLSVM1，MLSVM2，MLSVM3），其中前两个算法在数据集不大时（〈5000条记录）学习速度与SMO算法相当，但当数据集更大时，算法就失效了．MLSVM3是一个改进算法，总结了MLSVM1和MLSVM2失效的原因，对SMO算法中学习效率较低的部分进行了改进，在多个数据集上测试，MLSVM3算法速度超过了SMO算法7．4％～41.30％．     

一种改进的SMO及其在人脸识别中的应用

SMO算法是一种有效的SVM训练算法,但由于参与训练的数据大部分为非支持向量,仍然存在进一步优化的可能性。针对SMO算法的这个不足,提出了一种改进的SMO算法,并将该算法应用到人脸识别中。试验结果表明了算法的有效性。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.