A hierarchical expert system for computer process control

This paper reports on the design and implementation of an expert system for computer process control (HESCPC). The complexity of the expertise necessary for computer process control applications requires that the expert system architecture be structured into a hierarchy of classes of specialized experts. The architecture of HESCPC integrates four classes of expert systems: operator/manager companion expert class, control system algorithm design expert class, hardware expert class, and software expert class. The paper is concerned with the design and implementation of the general system architecture, an operator adviser expert for a nuclear power plant and a control system designer expert using a state space feedback approach. Although the design and implementation aspects of all experts are discussed, the emphasis is on the latter.

At this stage of the HESCPC development, the declarative knowledge represented by 423 metarules and 1261 rules is distributed on a hierarchical structure among 20 experts on different levels of the hierarchy which are able to communicate among themselves to solve difficult control problems.

Examples of control system design sessions of linear mono and multivariable systems using feedback state space approach are given. A run time of an operator-adviser data-driven expert system for a nuclear plant is also presented.     

PID控制在火箭炮伺服系统中的仿真实现——改进的专家自适应PID控制

针对传统PID（Proportional-Integral-Derivative）控制无法兼顾部分系统的静态性能和动态性能,结合专家PID控制原理,提出了一种改进的专家自适应PID控制器的设计方案,对某火箭炮伺服系统进行仿真跟踪。给出了伺服系统的分析设计过程,利用MATLAB/Simulink完成了改进的专家自适应PID控制器在某伺服系统中的仿真应用,得到了良好的跟踪特性图,说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于物联网的苹果树病虫防治专家系统的设计与应用

提出一种基于物联网技术的专家系统结构,并以苹果树病虫防治专家系统为例,介绍专家系统的设计方法,以及物联网技术在专家系统中的应用和管理.     

An intelligent composite system for statistical process control

Combining statistical process control, artificial neural networks and an expert system for the intelligent analysis and control of a plastic extruder facility is described. Statistical methodology is compared and contrasted to the exploratory neural network technique, which learns to relate and classify dependent production variables based on measurements taken on-line during the process. Integrating the neural network analysis into a composite control system using an expert system is presented.     

Knowledge decomposition for a product design blackboard expert system

Product design is a complex process, requiring many design factors and knowledge areas to be considered simultaneously. An expert system with a blackboard architecture is appropriate for representing this variety of factors and areas. However, oftentimes it is unclear how to transform the knowledge into the component knowledge bases of a blackboard expert system. The paper describes a non-directed graph decomposition procedure for transforming the knowledge into knowledge bases as part of an approach for developing a product design blackboard expert system. A wood head golf club design example is provided.     

A knowledge-based system for the design of manual materials handling

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test an expert system for the design of new and existing repetitive manual materials handling (RMMH) tasks. For new jobs, the expert system provides recommendations on the maximum acceptable weight to be handled under a variety of worker and task variables. For existing jobs, the expert system provides possible solutions to the design of RMMH tasks if the weight handled on the job is greater than the recommended one. The expert system was implemented on an IBM PCXT personal computer. Two examples on how to utilise the expert system in designing new and existing jobs are given.     

纺织专家系统中知识与知识库的应用

专家系统是人工智能的一个分支，是一种模拟专家决策能力的计算机系统，知识库是系统的重要组成部分，是系统的核心。本文结合纺织工艺设计及管理专家系统介绍了基于知识的专家系统的概念和结构，对系统中知识的获取、存储方式予以说明．并对其知识的表示方法加以阐述。     

A distributed expert control system for a hydrometallurgical zinc process

A distributed expert control system (DECSHZ) has been built for a hydrometallurgical zinc process, whose basic steps are leaching, purification and electrolysis. It consists of a central computer management system and three local expert control systems, one for each of the basic steps. This paper deals with the design and application of DECSHZ, especially its distributed architecture and main functions; expert control strategies based on rule models and a combination of rule models and steady-state mathematical models; system implementation; and the results of actual runs. DECSHZ has been found to provide not only a very pure product, but also significant economic benefits.     

An expert system on design of liquid-retaining structures with blackboard architecture

Abstract: The design of liquid‐retaining structures involves many decisions to be made by the designer based on rules of thumb, heuristics, judgement, codes of practice and previous experience. Structural design problems are often ill structured and there is a need to develop programming environments that can incorporate engineering judgement along with algorithmic tools. Recent developments in artificial intelligence have made it possible to develop an expert system that can provide expert advice to the user in the selection of design criteria and design parameters. This paper introduces the development of an expert system in the design of liquid‐retaining structures using blackboard architecture. An expert system shell, Visual Rule Studio, is employed to facilitate the development of this prototype system. It is a coupled system combining symbolic processing with traditional numerical processing. The expert system developed is based on British Standards Code of Practice BS8007. Explanations are made to assist inexperienced designers or civil engineering students to learn how to design liquid‐retaining structures effectively and sustainably in their design practices. The use of this expert system in disseminating heuristic knowledge and experience to practitioners and engineering students is discussed.     

Integration of control system design and implementation over the internet using the Jini technology

This paper describes an approach for the integration of control system software design, testing, and implementation over the Internet using the Java and Jini technologies. Process models and control systems are remotely designed and tested in a virtual laboratory (also called the virtual world), and then implemented in a physical plant (also called the real world) through an integrated environment. Although control system and process model designers and real‐site operators are geographically dispersed they work together as a team over the Internet to provide the maintenance support to all the authorized industrial processes. As a consequence, time and money can both be saved because there is no need for an expert of the control software supplier to travel to the site of the real plant and conduct on‐site implementation. A generic control system life cycle model is presented first in this paper. Then three enabling technologies including Java, Jini and WWW are briefly introduced. Taking advantage of the Java, Jini and WWW technologies, an Internet‐based general infrastructure is proposed to remotely facilitate process modelling, control system design, simulation, validation and on‐site implementation. An integrated environment is established to implement the infrastructure. A water tank with a liquid level control system is refereed as a case study to illustrate how the prototype of the integrated environment works over the Internet. Further work and the conclusions are given at the end. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EXPMUL: an expert system for the design of multivariable control systems

The development of an expert system environment for the design of M1MO control systems using the frequency response approach is discussed. The aim is to provide assistance for non-experienced designers so that they can learn and gain experience of a specific area of control system theory. As a preliminary, we discuss the different configurations of expert systems used in control system design. The design heuristic is then declared, and followed by a comprehensive example. The implementation of our expert system is then illustrated, and a detailed application is also given.     

基于面向对象技术的专家系统模型

分析了现有专家系统模型存在的不足，提出了一种基于面向对象技术的专家系统模型。它由知识对象和数据对象组成，对象采用类框架方法表示，系统采用全局和局部两级控制方式，全局控制采用信箱通讯，局部控制采用消息通讯，对象之间通过合作共同完成任务，从而解决了专家系统的效率和领域知识组织及使用问题。最后给出了以此模型为基础实现的证券分析专家系统实例，进一步说明了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

Applying a coupled expert system to quality control charts

Quality control charts are a common tool used for control of a manufacturing process. Expert systems can serve as a valuable tool to automate the different phases in the use of quality control charts. The authors have developed a coupled expert system to select a proper control chart, optimize the design of the selected control chart, analyze the chart to identify an out-of-control process and suggest the reason(s) for an out-of-control process. The intent of this paper is to discuss the main features of this coupled expert system.

An expert system shell called PCPLUS helps a user select the most appropriate control chart and identify the reason(s) for a process to be out-of-control. FORTRAN was used to implement the modules for design, plotting, and analysis of the selected control chart.     

如何避免单片机控制系统的干扰因素

目前,主要是在机械设备中或者是工业生产现场应用到单片机控制系统的,但是单片机控制系统所处的工作环境比较恶劣,所遭受的干扰因素也比较多。那么在设计单片机控制系统时,如何才能有效地避免干扰因素是至关重要的。抗干扰是一个不能回避的问题。本文主要针对如何避免单片机控制系统的抗干扰因素进行了分析。     

Design, implementation and testing of an intelligent knowledge-based system for the supervisory control of a hot rolling mill

This paper describes the design, implementation and testing of an intelligent knowledge-based supervisory control (IKBSC) system for a hot rolling mill process. A novel architecture is used to integrate an expert system with an existing supervisory control system and a new optimization methodology for scheduling the soaking pits in which the material is heated prior to rolling. The resulting IKBSC system was applied to an aluminium hot rolling mill process to improve the shape quality of low-gauge plate and to optimise the use of the soaking pits to reduce energy consumption. The results from the trials demonstrate the advantages to be gained from the IKBSC system that integrates knowledge contained within data, plant and human resources with existing model-based systems.     

基于工业以太网的专家控制系统

本文分析了工业以太网的优点以及与专家控制结合起来的意义，介绍了一种基于交换式以太网的专家控制系统的构建及实时控制过程。该系统具有简单灵活、经济可靠、易于实现、维护方便等特点，有利于专家控制在中小规模企业中的推广和应用。     

Distributed multivariable control system design for coal-fired boilers

This paper describes the multivariable characteristics of industrial coal-fired boilers and associated mathematical models, such as combustion model, a water drum level model and a superheated steam model. The purpose of the paper is to design multivariable control systems using multivariable system frequency domain design theory and the Smith-predictor technique. A specific application shows how to design a model-based distributed multivariable control system for coal-fired boilers in a small-scale power station.     

Development of an expert system for optimizing natural gas pipeline operations

This paper presents an expert system as a decision support tool to optimize natural gas pipeline operations. A natural gas pipeline control system is a controlling system that involves many complicated operating processes. Since a dispatcher (who operates the system) might not be able to handle all of his or her tasks consistently, an expert system has been developed for optimizing the operations by providing consistent, fast and reliable decision support to the dispatcher. Consequently, inconsistency in the dispatcher's performance can be minimized. To build an expert system, the knowledge from an experienced dispatcher, who is familiar with the process in this controlling system is acquired and that knowledge has been implemented as rules in the knowledge base of the expert system. When this expert system has been validated by gas pipeline experts, it can help inexperienced dispatchers to operate the processes more effectively. The expert system is implemented on the real-time expert system shell G2 (trademark of Gensym Corp. of USA). The system also consists of a user interface that helps dispatchers visualize system conditions.     

专家整定PID控制系统的设计

应用专家系统及专家控制系统的基本知识设计了一专家整定PID控制系统的实例，其中知识是由经验所得规则构成，实例分析选取了有自平衡、无自平衡和有延迟的对象，并通过TurborC编程实现。     

关系数据库在专家系统中的应用

在传统的专家系统中，对推理机工作过程的控制是程序实现的。本文介绍了一个用数据库技术引导推理过程的专家系统－精神分裂症诊断专家系统（ＥＳＳＤ）的推理控制策略。在这个专家系统中，作者将有关推理过程的控制信息用关系数据库技术进行存储和管理，达到了将控制策略数据化的目的。将数据库技术引入到专家系统的推进控制机制中可以使控制策略比较容易调整，且而可以大大压缩程序篇幅，显著提高系统运行效率，为专家系统的结构设