机器视觉表面缺陷检测综述

目的 工业产品的表面缺陷对产品的美观度、舒适度和使用性能等带来不良影响,所以生产企业对产品的表面缺陷进行检测以便及时发现并加以控制。机器视觉的检测方法可以很大程度上克服人工检测方法的抽检率低、准确性不高、实时性差、效率低、劳动强度大等弊端,在现代工业中得到越来越广泛的研究和应用。方法 以机器视觉表面缺陷检测为研究对象,在广泛调研相关文献和发展成果的基础上,对基于机器视觉在表面缺陷检测领域的应用进行了综述。分析了典型机器视觉表面缺陷检测系统的工作原理和基本结构,阐述了表面缺陷视觉检测的研究现状、现有视觉软件和硬件平台,综述了机器视觉检测所涉及到的图像预处理算法、图像分割算法、图像特征提取及其选择算法、图像识别等相关理论和算法研究,并对每种主要方法的基本思想、特点和存在的局限性进行了总结,对未来可能的发展方向进行展望。结果 机器视觉表面缺陷检测系统中,图像处理和分析算法是重要内容,算法各有优缺点和其适应范围。如何提高算法的准确性、实时性和鲁棒性,一直是研究者们努力的方向。结论 机器视觉是对人类视觉的模拟,机器视觉表面检测涉及众多学科和理论,如何使检测进一步向自动化和智能化方向发展,还需要更深入的研究。     

基于智能视觉系统的饮料瓶封装缺陷检测技术

本文介绍了一种基于智能机器视觉系统的饮料瓶封装缺陷检测应用技术。根据饮料瓶封装缺陷检测的特点及实际生产要求,提出了一套应用智能机器视觉系统的总体解决方案。作者对整个系统的结构原理,工作流程以及各个组成部分的功能做了具体的阐述。应用结果表明,上述机器视觉系统实现方便,功能强大,应用效果良好。     

基于智能视觉系统的饮料瓶缺陷检测技术

研究基于智能机器视觉系统的饮料瓶封装缺陷检测应用技术。根据饮料瓶封装缺陷检测的特点及实际生产要求,提出了一套智能机器视觉系统应用的总体解决方案。对整个系统的结构原理,工作流程以及得个组成部分的功能做了具体的阐述。应用结果表明,使用上述机器视觉系统实现方便,功能强大,取得了良好的应用效果。     

一种基于智能机器视觉识别的工业探伤技术

磁粉探伤广泛应用于铁磁性工件表面和近表面缺陷检测,但目前的缺陷识别仍依赖于人工判断。为实现检测自动化,将机器视觉技术应用于缺陷识别,提出一种智能的螺栓缺陷在线检测系统,针对螺栓在生产过程中产生的纵向、横向裂纹,使用基于统计的磁痕裂纹识别方法和基于改进LBP特征和SVM分类器识别方法进行级联完成螺栓零件表面裂纹的自动识别。实验结果表明,该方法与传统的识别方法对比具有很好的分类识别效果,漏检率减少5%,同时能够满足实时性的需求。     

气囊封条贴片缺陷检测系统设计

针对汽车气囊封条贴片表面缺陷检测效率低下的弊端,构建了一种基于视觉软件HALCON可对气囊封条贴片进行自动化检测的机器视觉系统。运用图像处理算法中形态学算子实现对封条表面0. 3 mm2以上的污渍、露白、残缺的检测。通过对1 000个样本的检测与分析,系统的正确率超过99%,误报率小于1%,漏报率为0,结果表明:设计的系统具有精度高、稳定性强的优点。     

表面缺陷检测综述

基于机器视觉的表面缺陷检测技术已经广泛地应用在视觉检测各个领域中,它是确保自动化生产中产品质量的一个非常重要的环节。然而表面缺陷检测技术仍然面临着缺陷和非缺陷区域之间的低对比度,噪音和细微缺陷的相似性,检测速度慢和识别精度低等难题。为此,给出了近年来表面缺陷检测技术的最新进展。将表面检测技术分为3类：统计法、频谱法和模型法。对几种典型的表面缺陷检测技术进行了深入比较,包括特征提取、识别算法和算法性能,并分析了方法有效性的原因。最后,总结了表面缺陷检测技术面临的挑战和未来的发展趋势。     

基于并行演化计算的图像特征提取研究

图像特征提取已成为困扰智能化视觉信息处理的瓶颈。为了解决复杂背景下钢板表面缺陷的机器视觉检测问题,缩短视觉系统的开发周期,提高其实用性,在并行计算环境和视频仿真平台的基础上,探索机器视觉可塑性及形成机制,提出了将并行计算、视频仿真、演化计算相互融合解决钢板表面缺陷特征提取问题的方法,实现了演化计算与并行层次处理的特征选择、特征提取方法,为智能化的视觉信息处理开辟新的思路。实验证明,改进方案不仅具有可行性,而且能提高缺陷检测的准确性、实时性。     

基于机器视觉的塑料制品表面缺陷检测研究

设计了一套塑料制品表面缺陷检测的机器视觉系统,用于检测塑料制品表面划痕,凹坑和凸点这几类常见缺陷。机器视觉系统由硬件系统和软件系统构成。根据研究对象的特征,对塑料制品表面缺陷检测所需的硬件和系统进行选型,分析所选硬件及软件的特点,来获取更加清晰的表面图像信息。利用Halcon平台设计检测算法,结合塑料制品表面的特征,设计一套用于检测塑料制品表面缺陷的算法。构建高斯滤波器来对图像信息进行预处理,使用全局固定阈值分割图像,使用特征直方图来查看特征,根据特征进行选择轮廓并提取目标,并在图像上显示出缺陷区域及数量。     

基于机器视觉的多孔材料缺陷检测

针对多孔材料在生产工艺中易出现阻塞和缺角等缺陷,本文设计了一种基于机器视觉的多孔材料表面缺陷检测方法,通过对目标区域的有效分割、模糊度检测、形态学处理和分析等技术手段,实现了该类材料的表面缺陷的快速定位和特征分析.经实验检测,本文算法的准确性和检测效率可以满足工业生产实时检测需求.     

基于神经网络的零件缺陷机器视觉识别系统

零件缺陷检测是保证零件使用安全的重要手段。传统的零件缺陷检测法需要有操作人员参与其中,易受主观因素影响,检测的效率及精度得不到良好的保证。而采用机器视觉技术的检测法可实现实时在线的自动检测,无需人工参与,这就极大的提高了生产效率。本文以小轴承表面为研究对象,针对微小轴承的表面结构、尺寸、检测精度和缺陷特征,设计了基于BP神经网络的零件缺陷机器视觉在线自动检测系统,其采用机器视觉技术,构建了BP神经网络检测识别模型,采用进行图像特征提取的间接识别方法,对微小轴承缺陷进行实时检测。实验结果证明了人工神经网络模型的检测能力的可靠性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate