Integrated Approach to Detect Cyberbullying Text: Mobile Device Forensics Data

Mobile devices and social networks provide communication opportunities among the young generation, which increases vulnerability and cybercrimes activities. A recent survey reports that cyberbullying and cyberstalking constitute a developing issue among youngsters. This paper focuses on cyberbullying detection in mobile phone text by retrieving with the help of an oxygen forensics toolkit. We describe the data collection using forensics technique and a corpus of suspicious activities like cyberbullying annotation from mobile phones and carry out a sequence of binary classification experiments to determine cyberbullying detection. We use forensics techniques, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms to exploit suspicious patterns to help the forensics investigation where every evidence contributes to the case. Experiments on a real-time dataset reveal better results for the detection of cyberbullying content. The Random Forest in ML approach produces 87% of accuracy without SMOTE technique, whereas the value of F1Score produces a good result with SMOTE technique. The LSTM has 92% of validation accuracy in the DL algorithm compared with Dense and BiLSTM algorithms.     

KNN-朴素贝叶斯算法的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承的故障诊断对于提高工业生产效率,保障工业生产的稳定安全地运行具有重要意义。为了提高滚动轴承故障识别的正确率,提出一种使用KNN-朴素贝叶斯决策组合算法对滚动轴承故障诊断。组合算法利用朴素贝叶斯算法对使用不同K值的KNN算法初步分类结果进行再分类以达到提高滚动轴承故障识别的目的。首先,使用小波包能量法对滚动轴承振动信号进行能量特征提取,然后使用多个参数K值不同的KNN算法对能量特征数据预分类,得到多个KNN算法分类结果集,将分类结果集进行处理得到预分类结果集,将预分类结果集作为朴素贝叶斯算法的输入,使用朴素贝叶斯算法对数据再分类。实验结果表明,组合算法相较于传统KNN算法及贝叶斯算法在滚动轴承的故障诊断率得到了有效提高,实现了对滚动轴承故障的有效诊断。     

Optimal Deep Learning Based Intruder Identification in Industrial Internet of Things Environment

With the increased advancements of smart industries, cybersecurity has become a vital growth factor in the success of industrial transformation. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) or Industry 4.0 has revolutionized the concepts of manufacturing and production altogether. In industry 4.0, powerful Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) play a significant role in ensuring network security. Though various intrusion detection techniques have been developed so far, it is challenging to protect the intricate data of networks. This is because conventional Machine Learning (ML) approaches are inadequate and insufficient to address the demands of dynamic IIoT networks. Further, the existing Deep Learning (DL) can be employed to identify anonymous intrusions. Therefore, the current study proposes a Hunger Games Search Optimization with Deep Learning-Driven Intrusion Detection (HGSODL-ID) model for the IIoT environment. The presented HGSODL-ID model exploits the linear normalization approach to transform the input data into a useful format. The HGSO algorithm is employed for Feature Selection (HGSO-FS) to reduce the curse of dimensionality. Moreover, Sparrow Search Optimization (SSO) is utilized with a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to classify and identify intrusions in the network. Finally, the SSO technique is exploited to fine-tune the hyper-parameters involved in the GCN model. The proposed HGSODL-ID model was experimentally validated using a benchmark dataset, and the results confirmed the superiority of the proposed HGSODL-ID method over recent approaches.     

基于双树复小波分解的Boosting集成学习土地覆被分类研究

近年来,集成学习（Ensemble Learning,EL）分类方法成为土地覆被分类的研究热点,尤其是Boosting集成分类方法具有分类精度高、泛化能力强,在土地覆被分类中得到了显著的应用。但是,Boosting集成分类方法对噪声很敏感,如果训练样本含有噪声时,Boosting算法可能会失效,这是该方法的局限性。为了解决Boosting集成方法在土地覆被分类中存在的问题,有效克服噪声的影响,减少分类结果中的“椒盐”现象和提高分类精度,提出了基于双树复小波分解的Boosting集成学习分类方法。该方法对影像的光谱波段进行一层双树复小波分解,降低图像的噪声,将分解后的各波段作为Boosting集成学习的输入,得到最终的分类结果。实验先后比较了GBDT、XGBoost、LightGBM 3种Boosting集成学习算法在SPOT 6和Sentinel-2A影像上的分类效果。结果表明：①在SPOT 6影像上,3种Boosting集成算法总体分类精度均高于90%;DTCWT-LightGBM分类总体精度最高,达到94.73%,Kappa系数为0.93,比LightGBM总体精度提高了1.1%,Kappa系数提高了0.01;LightGBM分类总体精度比XGBoost分类总体精度提高了1.99%,Kappa系数提高了0.03,比GBDT分类总体精度提高了2.9%,Kappa系数提高了0.04;②在Sentinel-2A影像上,DTCWT-LightGBM分类总体精度最高,达到93.25%,Kappa系数为0.91,比LightGBM分类总体精度提高了1.53%,Kappa系数提高了0.01;LightGBM分类总体精度比XGBoost分类总体精度提高了1.14%,Kappa系数提高了0.02,比GBDT分类总体精度提高了2.53%,Kappa系数提高了0.03;③基于双树复小波分解的Boosting集成学习分类方法,降低了影像的噪音,减少了分类结果中存在的“椒盐”现象,区域一致性更强,提高了分类精度。     

蝙蝠算法优化极限学习机的滚动轴承故障分类

针对传统智能故障诊断方法在滚动轴承的故障诊断中诊断准确率不高的问题,引入了一种启发式搜索算法——蝙蝠算法(BA)优化极限学习机(ELM)的方法,利用ELM构建滚动轴承故障诊断分类模型。首先采用滚动轴承振动信号的五种代表性时域无量纲指标作为诊断模型输入特征,然后,利用蝙蝠算法的全局寻优能力对ELM模型的参数进行优化,获取最优输入权重和隐含层偏置的ELM分类模型,最后采用美国西储大学轴承数据中心网站公开发布的轴承探伤数据集验证算法诊断效果。实验结果表明：该方法可以有效地对滚动轴承不同故障状态进行识别,与BP神经网络、支持向量机(SVM)和极限学习机(ELM)方法比较,所提出的方法能够提高故障诊断准确率,达到99.17%。     

Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Using Interval Neutrosophic Segmentation with Deep Learning Model

In recent times, Internet of Things (IoT) and Deep Learning (DL) models have revolutionized the diagnostic procedures of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in its early stages that can save the patient from vision loss. At the same time, the recent advancements made in Machine Learning (ML) and DL models help in developing Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) models for DR recognition and grading. In this background, the current research works designs and develops an IoT-enabled Effective Neutrosophic based Segmentation with Optimal Deep Belief Network (ODBN) model i.e., NS-ODBN model for diagnosis of DR. The presented model involves Interval Neutrosophic Set (INS) technique to distinguish the diseased areas in fundus image. In addition, three feature extraction techniques such as histogram features, texture features, and wavelet features are used in this study. Besides, Optimal Deep Belief Network (ODBN) model is utilized as a classification model for DR. ODBN model involves Shuffled Shepherd Optimization (SSO) algorithm to regulate the hyperparameters of DBN technique in an optimal manner. The utilization of SSO algorithm in DBN model helps in increasing the detection performance of the model significantly. The presented technique was experimentally evaluated using benchmark DR dataset and the results were validated under different evaluation metrics. The resultant values infer that the proposed INS-ODBN technique is a promising candidate than other existing techniques.     

Application of intelligent real-time image processing in fitness motion detection under internet of things

The purpose is to study the applicability of digital and intelligent real-time Image Processing (IP) in fitness motion detection under the environment of the Internet of Things (IoT). Given the absence of real-time training standards and possible workout injury problems during fitness activities, an intelligent fitness real-time IP system based on Deep Learning (DL) is implemented. Specifically, the keyframes of the real-time images are collected from the fitness monitoring video, and the DL algorithm is introduced to analyze the fitness motions. Afterward, the performance of the proposed system is evaluated through simulation. Subsequently, the Noise Reduction (NR) performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated from the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), which remains above 20 dB for seriously noisy images (with a noise density reaching up to 90%). By comparison, the PSNR of the Standard Median Filter (SMF) and Ranked-order Based Adaptive Median Filter (RAMF) algorithms are not higher than 10 dB. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm outperforms other DL algorithms by over 2.24% with a detection accuracy of 97.80%; the proposed system can adaptively detect the fitness motion, with a transmission delay no larger than 1 s given a maximum of 750 keyframes. Therefore, the proposed DL-based intelligent fitness real-time IP algorithm has strong robustness, high detection accuracy, and excellent real-time image diagnosis and processing effect, thus providing an experimental reference for sports digitalization and intellectualization.

     

Optimal Quad Channel Long Short-Term Memory Based Fake News Classification on English Corpus

The term ‘corpus’ refers to a huge volume of structured datasets containing machine-readable texts. Such texts are generated in a natural communicative setting. The explosion of social media permitted individuals to spread data with minimal examination and filters freely. Due to this, the old problem of fake news has resurfaced. It has become an important concern due to its negative impact on the community. To manage the spread of fake news, automatic recognition approaches have been investigated earlier using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques. To perform the medicinal text classification tasks, the ML approaches were applied, and they performed quite effectively. Still, a huge effort is required from the human side to generate the labelled training data. The recent progress of the Deep Learning (DL) methods seems to be a promising solution to tackle difficult types of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, especially fake news detection. To unlock social media data, an automatic text classifier is highly helpful in the domain of NLP. The current research article focuses on the design of the Optimal Quad Channel Hybrid Long Short-Term Memory-based Fake News Classification (QCLSTM-FNC) approach. The presented QCLSTM-FNC approach aims to identify and differentiate fake news from actual news. To attain this, the proposed QCLSTM-FNC approach follows two methods such as the pre-processing data method and the Glove-based word embedding process. Besides, the QCLSTM model is utilized for classification. To boost the classification results of the QCLSTM model, a Quasi-Oppositional Sandpiper Optimization (QOSPO) algorithm is utilized to fine-tune the hyperparameters. The proposed QCLSTM-FNC approach was experimentally validated against a benchmark dataset. The QCLSTM-FNC approach successfully outperformed all other existing DL models under different measures.     

A review on diagnostic autism spectrum disorder approaches based on the Internet of Things and Machine Learning

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have some disturbance activities. Usually, they cannot speak fluently. Instead, they use gestures and pointing words to make a relationship. Hence, understanding their needs is one of the most challenging tasks for caregivers, but early diagnosis of the disease can make it much easier. The lack of verbal and nonverbal communications can be eliminated by assistive technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT-based systems help to diagnose and improve the patients’ lives through applying Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. This paper provides a systematic review of the ASD approaches in the context of IoT devices. The main goal of this review is to recognize significant research trends in the field of IoT-based healthcare. Also, a technical taxonomy is presented to classify the existing papers on the ASD methods and algorithms. A statistical and functional analysis of reviewed ASD approaches is provided based on evaluation metrics such as accuracy and sensitivity.

     

自适应流形学习在故障诊断中的应用

针对人工干预的旋转轴承故障类型及损坏程度诊断问题,提出了一种基于自适应流形学习的故障诊断新方法。该算法借助集合经验模态分解和双谱分析提取振动信号的故障特征,用纹理分析法构建故障信息的纹理特征矩阵,通过自适应流形学习的方法对高维纹理特征矩阵进行降维。整个过程能够很好地去除噪声,同时自适应选择参数,具有很好的聚类性能和复杂信号处理能力。实验结果表明该方法能够很好地区分不同的故障类型,同时在区分内圈故障、外圈故障、滚动元素故障退化程度方面也有着较好的性能。     

Development of Efficient Classification Systems for the Diagnosis of Melanoma

Skin cancer is usually classified as melanoma and non-melanoma. Melanoma now represents 75% of humans passing away worldwide and is one of the most brutal types of cancer. Previously, studies were not mainly focused on feature extraction of Melanoma, which caused the classification accuracy. However, in this work, Histograms of orientation gradients and local binary patterns feature extraction procedures are used to extract the important features such as asymmetry, symmetry, boundary irregularity, color, diameter, etc., and are removed from both melanoma and non-melanoma images. This proposed Efficient Classification Systems for the Diagnosis of Melanoma (ECSDM) framework consists of different schemes such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. We used Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) classifiers in the classification framework. The ML classifier is Naïve Bayes (NB) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). And also, DL classification framework of the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is used to classify the melanoma and benign images. The results show that the Neural Network (NNET) classifier’ achieves 97.17% of accuracy when contrasting with ML classifiers.     

Optimal Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine Based Arabic Corpus Classification Model

Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the Arabic language has gained much significance in recent years. The most commonly-utilized NLP task is the ‘Text Classification’ process. Its main intention is to apply the Machine Learning (ML) approaches for automatically classifying the textual files into one or more pre-defined categories. In ML approaches, the first and foremost crucial step is identifying an appropriate large dataset to test and train the method. One of the trending ML techniques, i.e., Deep Learning (DL) technique needs huge volumes of different types of datasets for training to yield the best outcomes. The current study designs a new Dice Optimization with a Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine-based Arabic Corpus Classification (DODHBM-ACC) model in this background. The presented DODHBM-ACC model primarily relies upon different stages of pre-processing and the word2vec word embedding process. For Arabic text classification, the DHBM technique is utilized. This technique is a hybrid version of the Deep Boltzmann Machine (DBM) and Deep Belief Network (DBN). It has the advantage of learning the decisive intention of the classification process. To adjust the hyperparameters of the DHBM technique, the Dice Optimization Algorithm (DOA) is exploited in this study. The experimental analysis was conducted to establish the superior performance of the proposed DODHBM-ACC model. The outcomes inferred the better performance of the proposed DODHBM-ACC model over other recent approaches.     

CNN Based Automated Weed Detection System Using UAV Imagery

The problem of weeds in crops is a natural problem for farmers. Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are among the advanced technologies that should be used in order to reduce the use of pesticides while also protecting the environment and ensuring the safety of crops. Deep Learning-based crop and weed identification systems have the potential to save money while also reducing environmental stress. The accuracy of ML/DL models has been proven to be restricted in the past due to a variety of factors, including the selection of an efficient wavelength, spatial resolution, and the selection and tuning of hyperparameters. The purpose of the current research is to develop a new automated weed detecting system that uses Convolution Neural Network (CNN) classification for a real dataset of 4400 UAV pictures with 15336 segments. Snapshots were used to choose the optimal parameters for the proposed CNN LVQ model. The soil class achieved the user accuracy of 100% with the proposed CNN LVQ model, followed by soybean (99.79%), grass (98.58%), and broadleaf (98.32%). The developed CNN LVQ model showed an overall accuracy of 99.44% after rigorous hyperparameter tuning for weed detection, significantly higher than previously reported studies.     

Learning Patterns from COVID-19 Instances

Coronavirus disease, which resulted from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has spread worldwide since early 2020 and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus disease is also termed COVID-19. It affects the human respiratory system and thus can be traced and tracked from the Chest X-Ray images. Therefore, Chest X-Ray alone may play a vital role in identifying COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we propose a Machine Learning (ML) approach that utilizes the X-Ray images to classify the healthy and affected patients based on the patterns found in these images. The article also explores traditional, and Deep Learning (DL) approaches for COVID-19 patterns from Chest X-Ray images to predict, analyze, and further understand this virus. The experimental evaluation of the proposed approach achieves 97.5% detection performance using the DL model for COVID-19 versus normal cases. In contrast, for COVID-19 versus Pneumonia Virus scenario, we achieve 94.5% accurate detections. Our extensive evaluation in the experimental section guides and helps in the selection of an appropriate model for similar tasks. Thus, the approach can be used for medical usages and is particularly pertinent in detecting COVID-19 positive patients using X-Ray images alone.     

Modelling a Fused Deep Network Model for Pneumonia Prediction

Deep Learning (DL) is known for its golden standard computing paradigm in the learning community. However, it turns out to be an extensively utilized computing approach in the ML field. Therefore, attaining superior outcomes over cognitive tasks based on human performance. The primary benefit of DL is its competency in learning massive data. The DL-based technologies have grown faster and are widely adopted to handle the conventional approaches resourcefully. Specifically, various DL approaches outperform the conventional ML approaches in real-time applications. Indeed, various research works are reviewed to understand the significance of the individual DL models and some computational complexity is observed. This may be due to the broader expertise and knowledge required for handling these models during the prediction process. This research proposes a holistic approach for pneumonia prediction and offers a more appropriate DL model for classification purposes. This work incorporates a novel fused Squeeze and Excitation (SE) block with the ResNet model for pneumonia prediction and better accuracy. The expected model reduces the human effort during the prediction process and makes it easier to diagnose it intelligently as the feature learning is adaptive. The experimentation is carried out in Keras, and the model’s superiority is compared with various advanced approaches. The proposed model gives 90% prediction accuracy, 93% precision, 90% recall and 89% F1-measure. The proposed model shows a better trade-off compared to other approaches. The evaluation is done with the existing standard ResNet model, GoogleNet+ResNet+DenseNet, and different variants of ResNet models.     

Deep reinforcement learning based control for Autonomous Vehicles in CARLA

Nowadays, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing by leaps and bounds in almost all fields of technology, and Autonomous Vehicles (AV) research is one more of them. This paper proposes the using of algorithms based on Deep Learning (DL) in the control layer of an autonomous vehicle. More specifically, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms such as Deep Q-Network (DQN) and Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) are implemented in order to compare results between them. The aim of this work is to obtain a trained model, applying a DRL algorithm, able of sending control commands to the vehicle to navigate properly and efficiently following a determined route. In addition, for each of the algorithms, several agents are presented as a solution, so that each of these agents uses different data sources to achieve the vehicle control commands. For this purpose, an open-source simulator such as CARLA is used, providing to the system with the ability to perform a multitude of tests without any risk into an hyper-realistic urban simulation environment, something that is unthinkable in the real world. The results obtained show that both DQN and DDPG reach the goal, but DDPG obtains a better performance. DDPG perfoms trajectories very similar to classic controller as LQR. In both cases RMSE is lower than 0.1m following trajectories with a range 180-700m. To conclude, some conclusions and future works are commented.

     

一种非线性系统的传感器故障检测与诊断新方法

基于一种非线性系统的伪偏差分离估计算法和贝叶斯分类算法,给出了一种非线性系统 的传感器故障检测与诊断的新方法.对一个大型造纸机采用实际模型进行的数值仿真表明, 该方法非常适用于工业系统传感器的在线故障检测与诊断.     

基于BO-DKELM的滚动轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承作为旋转机械中的必需元件,其任何故障都可能导致机器乃至整个系统发生故障,从而导致巨大的经济损失和时间的浪费,因此必须要及时准确地诊断滚动轴承故障。针对传统极限学习机中模型参数对滚动轴承故障诊断精度影响较大的问题,提出了一种基于贝叶斯优化的深度核极限学习机的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,将自动编码器与核极限学习机相结合,构建了深度核极限学习机(Deep kernel extreme learning machine, DKELM)模型。其次,利用贝叶斯优化(Bayesian optimization, BO)算法对DKELM中的超参数进行寻优,使得训练数据集和验证数据集在DKELM模型中的分类错误率之和最低。然后,将测试数据集输入到训练好的BO-DKELM中进行故障诊断。最后,采用凯斯西储大学轴承故障数据集对所提方法进行验证,最终故障诊断精度为99.6%,与深度置信网络和卷积神经网络等传统智能算法进行对比,所提方法具有更高的故障诊断精度。     

Multi-Variate vocal data analysis for Detection of Parkinson disease using Deep Learning

Neural Computing and Applications - Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) methods are differently implemented with various decision-making abilities. Particularly, the usage of ML and DL...