构建基于CSCW的TSP实施系统的研究

软件开发是一个群体协作的过程，要求团队成员在开发活动中相互分工、紧密协作。小组软件过程(TSP)的产生为规范软件开发和改进过程能力提供了有效而实际的帮助，TSP的实施遇到阻碍，主要是由于小组成员对TSP过程不够理解、交流和协同工作困难、软件过程数据处理繁琐等原因。该文提出了计算机支持的协同工作(SCW)-TSP系统解决这些问题，该系统根据CSCW的特性，将TSP的管理方法以计算机应用软件的形式加以实现，使开发团队能够更有效地应用TSP进行开发，全面提高软件开发的效率和质量。     

What makes mobile computer supported cooperative work mobile? Towards a better understanding of cooperative mobile interactions

Despite the high availability of mobile phones and personal digital assistants with online capabilities, mobile computer supported cooperative work is still in its infancy. So far, only little is known about the distinct attributes of mobile cooperative work in comparison to its stationary counterpart. Across which dimensions does cooperation via mobile devices differ from traditional hard-wired settings and what implications have to be drawn for future research? To bring more light to this question, we conducted an experimental business-case at Frankfurt University with 16 graduate students and analysed their collaborative behaviour across mobile and non-mobile channels of communication over a 5 week period. We find that mobile messages differed from stationary messages in terms of size and that the use of mobile emails prevailed over stationary emails under conditions of stress. Finally, we found that the social structure of mobile communication corresponded with the structure of stationary communication. This indicates that mobile communication technologies support existing communication relations rather than creating new relations. From the perspective of system designers, these results may serve as practical insights into the user behaviour of mobile technologies and might support the future development of mobile computer supported cooperative work environments.     

Collaboration and controlCrisis management and multimedia technology in London Underground Line Control Rooms

Despite technical advances over the past few years in the area of systems support for cooperative work there is still relatively little understanding of the organisation of collaborative activity in real world, technologically supported, work environments. Indeed, it has been suggested that the failure of various technological applications may derive from their relative insensitivity to ordinary work practice and situated conduct. In this paper we discuss the possibility of utilising recent developments within sociology, in particular the naturalistic analysis of organisational conduct and social interaction, as a basis for the design and development of tools and technologies to support collaborative work. Focussing on the Line Control Rooms in London Underground, a complex multimedia environment in transition, we begin to explicate the tacit work practices and procedures whereby personnel systematically communicate information to each other and coordinate a disparate collection of tasks and activities. The design implications of these empirical observations, both for Line Control Room and technologies to support cooperative work, are briefly discussed.The research discussed in this paper is supported in part through a project grant from the ESRC/MRC/SERC Joint Initiative on Cognitive Science and Human Computer Interaction and part by Rank Xerox, Cambridge EuroPARC. The authors have greatly benefitted from discussions with Jens Rasmussen, John Gardner, Bernard Conein, Isaac Joseph, Marina Jirotka and Liam Bannon concerning a number of the issues addressed in this paper. The authors are alone responsible for the contents of the piece.     

Virtual workgroups in offshore systems development

The market for offshore systems development, motivated by lower costs in developing countries, is expected to increase and reach about $15 billion in the year 2007. Virtual workgroups supported by computer and communication technologies enable offshore systems development. This article discusses the limitations of using virtual work in offshore systems development, and describes development processes and management procedures amenable to virtual work in offshore development projects. It also describes a framework to use virtual work selectively, while offshore developing various types of information systems.     

Semantic Web based innovative design knowledge modeling for collaborative design

This paper describes a study about how to use the Semantic Web technologies for innovative design knowledge modeling in a multi-agent distributed design environment. Semantic Web based knowledge modeling for innovative design is proposed as prelude to the meaningful agent communication and knowledge reuse for collaborative work among multidisciplinary organizations. A model for innovative design is proposed at first, based on which a knowledge schema is brought forward. For sharing the design knowledge among an internet-based or distributed work team, even globally, A RDF-based knowledge model is presented to realize its representation on Semantic Web. A Semantic Web based repository for innovative design and its API for topper Semantic Web applications have been also constructed. The proposed knowledge modeling extends traditional product modeling with capabilities of innovative design, knowledge sharing and distributed problem solving, and is employed as a content language within the messages in the proposed multi-agent system architecture. The proposed approach is viewed as a promising knowledge management method that facilitates the implementation of computer supported cooperative work in innovative design of Semantic Web applications.     

计算机支持同步协同工作中应用共享机制的研究

应用共享技术是计算机支持协同工作 ( CSCW)系统中支持同步协作的关键技术之一 .本文详细讨论了计算机支持协同工作中应用共享的实现机制 ,分析了混合式应用共享机制的实现方法 .最后 ,给出了在 MS Windows平台上的一个应用共享的具体实例     

数据管理技术的新格局

数据获取技术的革命性进步、存储器价格的显著下降以及人们希望从数据中获得知识的客观需要等,催生了大数据.数据管理技术迎来了大数据时代.关系数据库技术经历了20世纪70年代以来40年的发展,目前遇到了系统扩展性不足、支持数据类型单一等困难.近年来,noSQL技术异军突起,对多种类型的数据进行有效的管理、处理和分析;通过并行处理技术获得良好的系统性能;并以其高度的扩展性,满足不断增长的数据量的处理要求.试图沿着数据库技术进步的历史脉络,从应用维度(操作型与分析型应用)入手,为读者展开当今数据管理技术的新格局,讨论具有挑战性的重要问题,并介绍作者自己的研究工作.     

一个基于CSCW的协同式计算机辅助设计系统

文中首先建立了一个CSCW系统的基本模型;然后详细介绍了一个基于复制式应用程序共享方式技术的协同式计算机辅助设计系统－CoopCAD的系统结构和关键技术,最后,给出了一个使用CoopCAD系统进行协同设计的例子。     

混合式应用共享机制模型的研究

应用共享技术是计算机支持协同工作(CSCW)系统中支持同步协作的关键技术之一．本文通过对应用共享机制的分析，给出了混合式应用共享机制的结构模型，并利用着色Petri网技术建立混合式应用共享的CPN模型．最后，文章还给出了一个模型的实现例子．     

A survey of CSCW systems

Over the last decade, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has emerged as an identifiable research area that focuses on the role of the computer in group work. CSCW is a generic term which combines the understanding of the nature of group working with the enabling technologies of computer networking, systems support and applications. The paper examines the classes of system which have emerged to support cooperative working. A framework for characterising and describing CSCW systems is presented and four major classes of cooperative system identified. Each of these classes of cooperative system are examined highlighting their general characteristics and applicability to CSCW.