计算机系统的可靠性技术

计算机系统在实际工业现场中可能遇到的各种干扰和自身的随机性故障、现场恶劣的环境有可能使计算机系统发生异常，严重时，甚至使计算机系统出现工作混乱，酿成严重事故。因此应采用软件、硬件技术，在提高硬件系统抗干扰能力的同时，利用软件抗干扰方法设计灵活、节省硬件资源的特点，使计算机系统在错综复杂的环境里能保证程序稳定运行，提高系统的可靠性。介绍了计算机系统的软件、硬件可靠性技术，并从永久性故障和暂时性故障两方面对几种双机结构的可靠性进行了研究，证实了任务分担结构在提高计算机系统可靠性方面的优越性。     

计算机系统的可靠性技术

计算机系统在实际工业现场中可能遇到的各种干扰和自身的随机性故障、现场恶劣的环境有可能使计算机系统发生异常,严重时,甚至使计算机系统出现工作混乱,酿成严重事故。因此应采用软件、硬件技术,在提高硬件系统抗干扰能力的同时,利用软件抗干扰方法设计灵活、节省硬件资源的特点,使计算机系统在错综复杂的环境里能保证程序稳定运行,提高系统的可靠性。介绍了计算机系统的软件、硬件可靠性技术,并从永久性故障和暂时性故障两方面对几种双机结构的可靠性进行了研究,证实了任务分担结构在提高计算机系统可靠性方面的优越性。     

微型计算机系统软件抗干扰方法研究

微机系统在作业现场可能遇到各种干扰和自身的随机性故障,现场恶劣的环境也有可能使计算机系统发生异常,甚至酿成严重事故.为此,在提高硬件系统抗干扰能力的同时,必须利用软件抗干扰方法保证计算机系统在错综复杂的环境里稳定运行,以提高微机测控系统的可靠性.     

智能仪器WDT设计

1 引言 提高智能化仪器的可靠性越来越引起人们的重视。所谓提高智能仪器的可靠性,是指在仪器内的计算机系统受到瞬间干扰或出现暂时故障而脱离原来正常工作状态时,采取一定措施,使系统尽快恢复到原来正常的工作状态,保证仪器的测量精度和可靠性。因此,提高智能仪器可靠性的主要方法是在计算机系统设计时,采取可靠性设计措施,提高其自身的抗干扰能力。抑制干扰的一种主要方法,就是在系统内加入“看门狗”WDT(Watch dog timer),本文主要介绍WDT的设计方法。     

容错星载计算机系统结构设计

容错技术是提高计算机系统可靠性的重要手段，本文介绍了某立体测绘小卫星星载计算机系统的容错设计。该系统具有功能强，灵活性和可靠性高等特点，满足了小卫星性能高，重量轻、体积小，功耗低的要求。     

有限词汇语音合成及在工控计算机系统中的应用

本文探讨了实时工业控制计算机系统中的有限词汇语音合成技术。在分析这类系统的特点和基本要求的基础上,提出了实现的一般方法。介绍了具有RS－422A通信接口的语音合成系统的设计。该系统采用ADPCM语音合成方式,由双80C31控制,其中一个80C31增强通信功能。系统音质好、可靠性高,能满足工业控制计算机系统的实时性的要求,并已应用于工业测控计算机系统。     

PLC控制系统应用的抗干扰问题

可编程控制器(PLC)在工业控制中应用越来越广泛，而PLC控制系统的可靠性直接影响到工业企业的安全生产和经济运行，因此PLC在应用中必须提高其系统的抗干扰能力。本作根据多年设计、安装和使用经验，提出了使用中应注意的若干问题，以提请使用的注意。     

基于PLC与工业机器人控制的开关面板组装系统的设计

随着时代和工业技术的发展,企业对工业生产效率、稳定性和可靠性的要求越来越高,社会劳动成本的不断提高,迫使企业不断的更新自己的自动化生产技术,机械设备逐渐取代人工将会是主流趋势。PLC是一种专用于工业控制的计算机,抗干扰能力强、可靠性高、编程简单、功能强大,非常适用于自动化控制。而工业机器人具有动作灵活、重复精度高、响应快以及拟人化的特点,因此工业机器人在重复性的工作上面有着不可比拟的优势。两者共同搭建的系统具备替代不少手工工作环节。     

计算机的RAS属性分析

本文从计算机生产制造、设计和维护使用的角度较全面地分析了提高计算机硬件设备的可靠性、可用性和可维护性的一些具体措施。实践证明:这些措施是行之有效的,可供从事计算机设备的生产制造、设计和维护使用的技术人员参考。一、什么是RAS性? 所谓计算机系统的RAS性是指计算机系统的可靠性(Reliability)、可用性(Availabiliy)和可维护性(Serviceability),它是评价计算机系统性能的一个综合性指标。 1、可靠性计算机系统的可靠性是指系统的稳定性,即无故障工作的概率。通常所说的可靠性主要是指硬件的可靠性,一般用平均无故     

磁盘容错技术及产品

一、什么是计算机容错系统 随着计算机应用领域的日益扩大以及实时处理和实时控制系统的发展,对计算机系统的可靠性要求越来越高。例如在航空和航天控制系统、铁路交通控制系统、银行和证券交易数据处理系统中,哪怕是一个细微的故障,也可能带来灾难性的后果,造成许多不必要的和无可挽回的损失。 所谓计算机系统的可靠性是指在给定的时间内计算机系统能正常运行的概率。提高计算机系统的可靠性一般有两条途径:一条是提高元器件的质量,严格地老化筛选,改进工艺结构和完善逻辑设计;另一条是发展容错技术。因为组成计算机系统的元器件不     

Stochastic modelling of a multisystem from the viewpoints of reliability and performance

A computer system that plays an important role in our society should be evaluated from the viewpoint of reliability and performance. A multisystem (or a multiprocessor system) is one of the most sophisticated computer systems because of its reliability and performance. We discuss a multisystem composed of N units (or processors) that can perform its function depending on the number of units composed. Introducing the reliability/performance measures ‘computation availability’, ‘expected system throughput’ and ‘expected number of jobs lost’, as well as using existing reliability measures, we discuss the stochastic modelling of a multisystem by applying Markov renewal and queueing theories. Using the numerical results of our model, we show the impact on the number of units composed. In particular, we obtain the optimal number of units composed by maximizing or minimizing the above reliability/performance measures based on our numerical examples.     

多通道并行接口

本文所介绍的IBM个人计算机多通道并行接口，能够在仅占用IBM个人计算机一个插槽和一个中断源情况下，经500米以上长线同时管理、并行驱动5台外围设备（打印机或显示器等），它不仅扩展了IBM个人计算机的硬件功能，而且增强了可靠性和抗干扰能力，使IBM个个计算机系统能够在工业生产环境下传送和处理信息。     

基于ASP技术的计算机辅助工业设计系统的设计与研究

随着计算机网络技术的迅猛发展,全球经济面临着深刻的变革。计算机技术的发展使得制造业发生了很大变化。为了更好地将计算机技术应用到工业上去,本文提出了一种基于服务提供商模式的解决方案,用于解决计算机辅助工业设计中网络化制造的问题。本文设计并开发的系统由四个工具集构成,每个工具都是利用可重用组件技术进行开发,动态加载到计算机辅助工业设计平台中。本文重点研究了工具集中的形态布局、色彩方案、人机设计等技术,开发出的系统可以为企业提供一些基本的计算机辅助工业设计应用服务。实验表明,该系统能够提高企业的工作效率,提高企业的设计能力,对网络化制造业具有重要意义。     

Fault Tolerance in Continuous Process Control

Increasing the reliability of continuous process control systems means choosing a fault tolerance technique that matches computer hardware capabilities, as well as applications.     

Expected innovation in industrial robots

The market of industrial robots has been growing these years. The shipping amount attained in 2014 was over 230,000 units in the world, and better result was achieved in 2015. There have been great changes in more than 30 years of history of industrial robot market. The market has been expanding from limited countries to worldwide and from limited industries to various applications. However, the scale of the robot market is still small compared to the remarkable growth of the manufacturing market in the world. Innovations are required in the system integration, materials, and elemental technologies for wider deployment and usage of industrial robots. The innovation in system integration has a goal to provide customers with the best fit and reasonably priced solutions for the problems in manufacturing processes, as well as to balance the profit for system integrators. The innovation in material and elemental technologies has a goal to solve the problems that still remain in robot technologies since the beginning of the market. Higher reliability and better cost performance should be established for the advanced applications in the future. The collaborations of various industries are also required to achieve the innovations.     

全自动供丝设备微机控制系统研制

全自动供丝设备是一种用于卷烟生产的新型供丝装置，它的核心是计算机控制系统。本文将讨论控制系统的功能要求以及根据这些功能要求所取的硬件及软件结构；同时，还重点讨论了有关采用高级语言编制中断服务程序所遇到的问题及解决办法；特别地，文中对如何在单用户单任务ＤＯＳ操作系统环境下实现实时多任务功能作了较深入的探讨，井提出了一些经实践证明确实是行之有效的方法。     

工控机可靠性管理平台

论述了工控机可靠性的特征量,从产品设计、研发、生产、管理等方面提出了保证工控机可靠性实现和持续增长的技术、方法和管理体系,并就建立企业可靠性管理平台问题提出了看法.     

集中控制型预付式保管箱系统的设计与实现

本文设计并实现了一种集中控制型预付式保管箱系统,系统由工控机、硬币机、纸币机、下位机、电源等组成。主机由工控机代替了传统的单片机和液晶屏构成的系统,实现了与下位机相关的通信协议,分析了与纸币机相关的通信协议以及软件开发中的编程要点,主机软件采用C++Builder 6开发,实现了快速开发。数据库采用InterBase 6.5,相比SQL Server、Oracle等大型数据库,降低了系统的成本。重点介绍了用户界面、通信、系统设置、信息记录、广告等模块。为保证系统找零的准确性,提出了基于本系统的找零算法。通过用户实际应用,验证了所设计的系统是稳定且可靠的,能满足用户需求。     

Control of distributed autonomous robotic systems using principlesof pattern formation in nature and pedestrian behavior

Self-organized and error-resistant control of distributed autonomous robotic units in a manufacturing environment with obstacles where the robotic units have to be assigned to manufacturing targets in a cost effective way, is achieved by using two fundamental principles of nature. First, the selection behavior of modes is used which appears in pattern formation of physical, chemical and biological systems. Coupled selection equations based on these pattern formation principles can be used as dynamical system approach to assignment problems. These differential equations guarantee feasibility of the obtained solutions which is of great importance in industrial applications. Second, a model of behavioral forces is used, which has been successfully applied to describe self-organized crowd behavior of pedestrians. This novel approach includes collision avoidance as well as error resistivity. In particular, in systems where failures are of concern, the suggested approach outperforms conventional methods in covering up for sudden external changes like breakdowns of some robotic units. The capability of this system is demonstrated in computer simulations.     

A two-phase procedure for the study of computer network reliability in automated manufacturing systems

This paper presents a mathematical model for analyzing computer networks in production systems. The manufacturing facility, which is considered to be the main part of a production system is controlled by a computer network. Every station within a production system is assumed to have a computer and a network interface unit (NIU) as part of the overall computer network. For the system to remain operational, the computer network along with the manufacturing facilities should be extremely reliable. In this paper, we studied the reliability of the former, the computer network. The manufacturing facility is assumed to be reliable. Since every station must be operational for the whole system to function, failure in any network unit (computer of NIU) will halt the system production. For such systems the topology is logically equivalent to that of a system whose stations are connected in series. Hence, series reliability formulae is appropriate for these systems. In other systems, back-up (or stand-by) units are added to the computer and/or to the NIU to enhance the reliability. We consider our model to be a generic one because the reliability analysis it uses is independent of the network topology. It assumes constant failure rates for network components and uses a two-pass procedure in determining the effect of network reliability on the total system cost. A case study is presented to illustrate the importance of reliability considerations during the network design phase. Our analysis of the network reliability reveals that, in most cases, the incremental cost due to network failures will justify the additional units.