共查询到10条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
Andy Crabtree Steve Benford Mauricio Capra Martin Flintham Adam Drozd Nick Tandavanitj Matt Adams Ju Row Farr 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2007,16(1-2):167-198
This paper focuses on orchestration work in the first iteration of a mobile game called Day Of The Figurines, which explores the potential to exploit text messaging as a means of creating an engaging gaming experience. By focusing
on orchestration we are especially concerned with the ‘cooperative work that makes the game work’. While the assemblage or
family of orchestration practices uncovered by our ethnographic study are specific to the game – including the ways in which
behind the scenes staff make sense of messages, craft appropriate responses, and manage and track the production of gameplay
narratives as the game unfolds – orchestration work is of general significance to our understanding of new gaming experiences.
The focus on orchestration work reveals that behind the scenes staff are co-producers of the game and that the playing of games is, therefore, inseparably intertwined with their orchestration. Furthermore, orchestration
work is ‘ordinary’ work that relies upon the taken for granted skills and competences of behind the scenes staff; ‘operators’
and ‘authors’ in this case. While we remain focused on the specifics of this game, explication of the ordinary work of orchestration
highlights challenges and opportunities for the continued development of gaming experiences more generally. Indeed, understanding
the specificities of orchestration work might be said to be a key ingredient of future development. 相似文献
2.
This article offers a research update on a 3-year programme initiated by the Kamloops Art Gallery and the University College
of the Cariboo in Kamloops, British Columbia. The programme is supported by a ‘Community–University Research Alliance’ grant
from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and the collaboration focuses on the cultural future of
small cities – on how cultural and arts organisations work together (or fail to work together) in a small city setting. If
not by definition, then certainly by default, ‘culture’ is associated with big city life: big cities are equated commonly
with ‘big culture’; small cities with something less. The Cultural Future of Small Cities research group seeks to provide
a more nuanced view of what constitutes culture in a small Canadian city. In particular, the researchers are exploring notions
of social capital and community asset building: in this context, ‘visual and verbal representation’, ‘home’, ‘community’ and
the need to define a local ‘sense of place’ have emerged as important themes. As the Small Cities programme begins its second
year, a unique but key aspect has become the artist-as-researcher.
Correspondence and offprint requests to: L. Dubinsky, Kamloops Art Gallery, 101–465 Victoria Street, Kamloops, BC V2C 2A9 Canada. Tel.: 250-828-3543; Email: ldubinsky@museums.ca 相似文献
3.
4.
Bieke Zaman 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2008,10(2):107-117
It becomes more and more recognized that children should be involved in a product’s design and evaluation process. Many findings
report on the methodology for usability research with children. However, there has been relatively little analysis of likeability
research with children. In this paper, we propose the laddering method—traditionally a marketing method among adults—for likeability
research in the domain of child–computer interaction. Three exploratory cases will be described. The cases report on the use
of the laddering method with children aged between 7 and 16 to evaluate the likeability of two games. The lessons learnt about
the use of the laddering method will be discussed in great detail. In order to adapt the laddering method to work with children,
we recommend a variation of this method and call it the ‘contextual laddering method’. 相似文献
5.
Computing LTS Regression for Large Data Sets 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Data mining aims to extract previously unknown patterns or substructures from large databases. In statistics, this is what
methods of robust estimation and outlier detection were constructed for, see e.g. Rousseeuw and Leroy (1987). Here we will focus on least trimmed squares (LTS) regression, which is based on the subset of h cases (out of n) whose least squares fit possesses the smallest sum of squared residuals. The coverage h may be set between n/2 and n. The computation time of existing LTS algorithms grows too much with the size of the data set, precluding their use for data
mining. In this paper we develop a new algorithm called FAST-LTS. The basic ideas are an inequality involving order statistics
and sums of squared residuals, and techniques which we call ‘selective iteration’ and ‘nested extensions’. We also use an
intercept adjustment technique to improve the precision. For small data sets FAST-LTS typically finds the exact LTS, whereas
for larger data sets it gives more accurate results than existing algorithms for LTS and is faster by orders of magnitude.
This allows us to apply FAST-LTS to large databases. 相似文献
6.
L. D. Introna 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2001,3(2):101-110
The need for information technology-mediated cooperation seems obvious. However, what is not obvious is what this means and
what social demands such cooperation may imply. To explore this is the intention of the paper. As a first step the paper performs
an etymological analysis of the words telecooperation and telecoordination. Such an analysis indicates that cooperation happens
when people engage in the production of a work as if ‘one mind or body’, where their activities fuse together in a way that
makes the suggestion of separation seem incomprehensible. In the work they do not merely aim to achieve an outcome, they also
‘insert’ themselves ‘in’ the work in a way that makes it a human achievement rather than a mere product – this is cooperation
as working-together. With this notion of cooperation in mind the paper then proceeds to analyse the social conditions for
cooperation as working-together. It shows, using the work of Wittgenstein, that language is fundamental to cooperation and
the sharing of knowledge – not language as a system for the exchange of information but language as a medium for the co-creation
of a local way of doing, a local language, to capture the local distinctions that make a particular local activity significant
and meaningful to the participants. The paper then proceeds to question this strong notion of cooperation. It argues that
most cooperative activities tend not to conform with such stringent demands. The paper suggests that a cooperative problem
is best viewed as a situation in which ambiguity is accepted as a structural element of the interaction. From this perspective
the paper suggests that hermeneutics may be a productive way to understand the creation of shared interpretative spaces that
makes mediated cooperation possible. The paper concludes with some implications for mediated cooperative work. 相似文献
7.
In this paper we argue that substitution-based function allocation methods (such as MABA-MABA, or Men-Are-Better-At/Machines-Are-Better-At
lists) cannot provide progress on human–automation co-ordination. Quantitative ‘who does what’ allocation does not work because
the real effects of automation are qualitative: it transforms human practice and forces people to adapt their skills and routines.
Rather than re-inventing or refining substitution-based methods, we propose that the more pressing question on human–automation
co-ordination is ‘How do we make them get along together?’
Correspondence and offprint requests to: S. W. A. Dekker, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IKP, Link?ping Institute of Technology, SE - 581 83 Link?ping, Sweden.
Tel.: +46 13 281646; fax +4613282579; email: sidde@ikp.liu.se 相似文献
8.
Wouter Teepe 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2009,19(1):76-88
BAN logic, an epistemic logic for analyzing security protocols, contains an unjustifiable inference rule. The inference rule
assumes that possession of H(X) (i.e., the cryptographic hash value of X) counts as a proof of possession of X, which is not the case. As a result, BAN logic exhibits a problematic property, which is similar to unsoundness, but not
strictly equivalent to it. We will call this property ‘unsoundness’ (with quotes). The property is demonstrated using a specially
crafted protocol, the two parrots protocol. The ‘unsoundness’ is proven using the partial semantics which is given for BAN logic. Because of the questionable character
of the semantics of BAN logic, we also provide an alternative proof of ‘unsoundness’ which we consider more important. 相似文献
9.
Atsuyoshi Nakamura Jun-ichi Takeuchi Naoki Abe 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》1998,23(1-2):53-82
We consider a variant of the ‘population learning model’ proposed by Kearns and Seung [8], in which the learner is required
to be ‘distribution-free’ as well as computationally efficient. A population learner receives as input hypotheses from a large
population of agents and produces as output its final hypothesis. Each agent is assumed to independently obtain labeled sample
for the target concept and output a hypothesis. A polynomial time population learner is said to PAC-learn a concept class,
if its hypothesis is probably approximately correct whenever the population size exceeds a certain bound which is polynomial,
even if the sample size for each agent is fixed at some constant. We exhibit some general population learning strategies,
and some simple concept classes that can be learned by them. These strategies include the ‘supremum hypothesis finder’, the
‘minimum superset finder’ (a special case of the ‘supremum hypothesis finder’), and various voting schemes. When coupled with
appropriate agent algorithms, these strategies can learn a variety of simple concept classes, such as the ‘high–low game’,
conjunctions, axis-parallel rectangles and others. We give upper bounds on the required population size for each of these
cases, and show that these systems can be used to obtain a speed up from the ordinary PAC-learning model [11], with appropriate
choices of sample and population sizes. With the population learner restricted to be a voting scheme, what we have is effectively
a model of ‘population prediction’, in which the learner is to predict the value of the target concept at an arbitrarily drawn
point, as a threshold function of the predictions made by its agents on the same point. We show that the population learning
model is strictly more powerful than the population prediction model. Finally, we consider a variant of this model with classification
noise, and exhibit a population learner for the class of conjunctions in this model.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Christian Greiffenhagen 《Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)》2008,17(1):35-62
This paper discusses how a new technology (designed to help pupils with learning about Shakespeare’s Macbeth) is introduced and integrated into existing classroom practices. It reports on the ways through which teachers and pupils
figure out how to use the software as part of their classroom work. Since teaching and learning in classrooms are achieved
in and through educational tasks (what teachers instruct pupils to do) the analysis explicates some notable features of a particular task (storyboarding one
scene from the play). It is shown that both ‘setting the task’ and ‘following the task’ have to be locally and practically
accomplished and that tasks can operate as a sense-making device for pupils’ activities. Furthermore, what the task ‘is’,
is not entirely established through the teacher’s initial formulation, but progressively clarified through pupils’ subsequent
work, and in turn ratified by the teacher.
相似文献
Christian GreiffenhagenEmail: |