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1.
由于认知无线网络(cognitive radio network,简称CRN)固有“二次利用”的特性,使其日益得到重视.而作为CRN核心构成的MAC(medium access control)协议,业已成为当前各研究机构的一个热点.主要对频谱感测技术、信道接入技术等MAC层核心设计问题进行了探讨,并针对认知无线网络MAC的特性及需求进行了分析,然后对设计MAC频谱感知技术、信道接入技术、频谱共享技术等相关研究进展进行了归类总结.最后指出了当前面临的主要研究难点及挑战,并提出了一些方向性建议.  相似文献   

2.
频谱接入技术的关键是解决认知用户如何选择合适的空闲信道以及认知用户间如何实现频谱共享.在公共控制信道较难获得的情况下,基于部分可观测Markov决策过程(POMDP)的频谱预测算法,可以显著地提高系统的吞吐量;由于认知用户之间缺少接入信息的交换,使得多个认知用户在同一时隙接入同一信道的冲突概率较大.针对多用户竞争冲突问题,通过引入竞争反馈的偏差因子,并利用均衡的混合信道选择策略对认知无线网络动态频谱接入过程进行研究.通过大量仿真对认知用户的吞吐量和频谱利用率以及碰撞率进行分析,研究表明,均衡的混合信道选择策略可以有效地提高系统的吞吐量及频谱利用率.  相似文献   

3.
在多主用户(PU)、多认知用户(SU)的认知无线网络(CRN)场景中,研究了频谱预测的协作策略设计问题。将频谱预测的协作策略设计问题归纳为一个优化问题,以整个CRN的吞吐率最大为优化目标,对参与协作的SU数量和数据融合门限进行优化,并提出一种搜索算法求解此优化问题,这是首次对协作频谱预测中的协作策略进行研究。在此基础上,提出了基于分组的协作频谱预测策略,并设计其帧结构。仿真结果表明,这种基于分组的协作频谱预测策略在满足虚警概率要求的前提下,能够以更低的协作预测能耗,达到更高的CRN吞吐率,从而提高了协作频谱预测的效率。  相似文献   

4.
认知无线电频谱接入技术的关键是指导认知用户如何选择合适的空闲信道以及如何在认知用户间实现频谱共享。在公共控制信道较难获得的情况下,基于部分可观测Markov决策过程(POMDP)的频谱预测算法,可以显著地提高系统的吞吐量。认知系统如果不加区分地使用授权频谱将可能导致所选择的频谱空洞不能满足认知用户需求。针对认知用户对不同信道容量的需求,引用适量选择原则,并运用融合接入策略,研究认知无线网络动态频谱接入过程。另外,通过大量仿真对认知用户的吞吐量和系统碰撞率进行分析,结果表明融合接入策略可以有效地提高系统的吞吐量及系统碰撞率。  相似文献   

5.
频谱共享允许多个认知节点以机会主义方式使用空闲频谱资源,而绝大多数的频谱共享研究没有考虑传输距离、错误率等方面的频谱异构特性。针对集中控制认知无线网络,提出一种基于频谱异构和用户移动的频谱共享算法。网络中不同类型的频谱信道具有不同的覆盖范围,认知用户可以静止或移动。认知用户的信道分配综合考虑了信道可使用时间、用户地理位置、接入公平性等因素,并在此基础上建立了一个信道分配效用函数,最终目的是最大化系统总效用。仿真结果表明,提出的频谱共享算法能够大大减少系统中的信道切换次数,同时系统其他方面的性能也能够得到保证。  相似文献   

6.
认知无线电技术被认为是解决目前频谱资源利用率低下问题最有前景的技术,基于该技术,认知无线电网络采用动态频谱接入方式有效地提高了授权频段的利用率.然而,动态变化的信道可用性极大地增加了认知无线电网络组网的难度.信道交汇旨在为用户通信提供公共传输媒介,是实现无线网络组网的基础.介绍了认知无线电网络信道交汇的基本概念和特点,并阐述了信道交汇策略设计面临的挑战以及应考虑的性能指标.提出了信道交汇策略的分类标准和系统模型,根据该分类标准,详细剖析了当前信道交汇策略相关的研究工作.最后,讨论了认知无线电网络信道交汇研究的开放性问题,以期为未来的研究指出可能的方向和重点.  相似文献   

7.
次用户以跳频序列的方式共享动态的频谱是分布式认知无线电网络频谱共享技术的解决方法之一。在此类方法中,次用户跟随特定的跳频序列接入到它的所有可用信道中,并在此过程中实现与其他次用户的交会。根据分布式认知网络的组网特性,提出了一种针对交会操作的MAC层超帧结构,使得整个认知网络在此结构支撑下可以取得更好的系统性能。根据次用户的频谱感知和使用信道情况的积累与分析,建立次用户的智能频谱库,为次用户的信道接入提供策略支持。仿真结果表明,提出的MAC协议能在高网络负载情况下能获得较好的综合性能。  相似文献   

8.
黄巍  钱裕乐  李云 《计算机应用》2011,31(12):3177-3180
在认知无线电网络中,媒体接入控制(MAC)协议的主要功能包括信道感知、选择和接入控制,其中感知时间和传输时间的长度对网络的性能有着重要的影响。在动态无线网络环境下,如何合理分配感知时间和传输时间是个挑战性问题。提出了一种双天线多信道分布式认知无线电MAC(TM-MAC)协议,不需要在传输之前对信道进行感知。节点可以在其它节点传输数据的同时对频谱资源进行检测,然后利用空闲的频谱资源通信。建立了数学模型分析在饱和网络状况下MAC协议的吞吐量。仿真分析表明TM-MAC协议能够有效提高网络的吞吐量。  相似文献   

9.
IEEE 802.11动态频谱接入网络是当前协议和模型在无线网络研究中一直受到广泛的关注.虽然它的物理层支持多信道,但其MAC层对多信道的支持仍面临挑战.目前的多信道MAC研究大多基于仿真实验,缺乏性能分析模型.本文设计了一种简单通用的信道切换机制,将IEEE802.11MAC扩展成为一种多信道MAC.本文提出了三维马尔可夫链分析模型描述多信道MAC性能,刻画单信道内重传次数和多信道间切换对性能的影响,支持基本和RTS/CTS两种接入方式.仿真结果表明,该多信道MAC模型能够很好地预测系统的饱和吞吐量,系统性能随着重传次数的增加能得到提高,而切换信道数量的增加并不能总是带来性能的提高.  相似文献   

10.
随着无线频谱资源短缺问题的日益突出,认知无线电网络得到了广泛关注和研究.在这类网络中,媒体接入控制MAC协议是关键技术之一.特别是在认知无线电自组织网络中,因为缺乏中心基础设施的支持,MAC协议的设计面临着巨大的挑战.除了媒体接入控制等传统问题之外,这些挑战还包括如何保证主用户的业务质量,如何有效认知并管理频谱资源等.文中首先介绍了认知无线电自组织网络MAC协议的最新研究进展,然后对一些典型协议进行了比较分析,最后对未来的研究方向进行了探讨.  相似文献   

11.
One of the key challenges to enabling efficient cognitive radio (CR) communications is how to perform opportunistic medium access control (MAC) that maximizes spectrum efficiency. Several CRN MAC protocols have been designed assuming relatively static primary radio (PR) channels with average idle durations largely exceed CR transmission times. For such CR environment, typical multichannel MAC protocols, which select the best quality channel, perform reasonably well. However, when such mechanism is employed in a CRN that coexists with highly dynamic licensed PR networks (PRNs), where PR channel idle durations are comparable to CR transmission times, the forced-termination rate for CR transmission can significantly increase, leading to a reduction in network throughput. To reduce the forced-termination rate, many MAC protocols have been proposed to account for the dynamic time-varying nature of PR channels by requiring communicating CR users to consistently perform channel switching according to PR activities. However, such channel-switching strategy introduces significant overhead and latency, which negatively affect network throughput. Hence, in this paper, we propose a probabilistic channel quality- and availability-aware CRN MAC. Our protocol uses a novel channel assignment mechanism that attempts at maximizing the packet success probability of each transmission and hence avoids the significant overhead and latency of channel switching. Simulation results show that by being quality- and availability-aware, our protocol provides better spectrum utilization by decreasing the forced-termination rate and improving network throughput.  相似文献   

12.
The game theoretic dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) technique is an efficient approach to coordinate cognitive radios sharing the spectrum. However, existing game based DSA algorithms lack a platform to support the game process. On the other hand, existing medium access control (MAC) protocols for cognitive radio networks do not fully utilize the adaptability and intelligence of the cognitive radio (CR) to achieve efficient spectrum utilization, let alone fairness and QoS support. Therefore it is necessary to develop DSA-driven MAC protocols with the game theoretic DSA embedded into the MAC layer. In this paper, based on the analysis of challenges for the game theoretic DSA in realistic applications, we conclude that a unified game theoretic DSA-driven MAC framework should constitute of four integral components: (1) DSA algorithm, deriving the spectrum access strategy for data communication; (2) negotiation mechanism, coordinating players to follow the right game policy; (3) clustering algorithm, limiting the negotiation within one cluster for scalability; (4) collision avoidance mechanism, eliminating collisions among clusters. With our MAC framework, DSA-driven MAC protocols can be conveniently developed, as illustrated in the design process of a concrete QoSe-DSA-driven MAC protocol. The game theoretic DSA-driven MAC framework can fulfill merits of game theoretic DSA algorithms including high spectrum utilization, collision-free channel access for data communication, QoS and fairness support. Through simulations, the merits of the DSA-driven MAC framework are demonstrated.  相似文献   

13.
Opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) networks have emerged as a hot research topic following the publication of Mitola’s seminal paper on cognitive radio network. Success of such networks will depend on efficient spectrum sensing techniques as well as effective medium access control protocols that will offer efficient mechanisms for dynamic spectrum allocation, coordination and management of spectrum heterogeneity. Work on such issues have just started and is still in a rudimentary stage. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the research done at the MAC layer of the OSA networks, especially with reference to ad hoc network design and spark more research in this area. A classification of the MAC layer protocols used in OSA networks is provided, and the essential features of the different MAC layer protocols for OSA networks are thoroughly analyzed and compared. Finally, open research issues for the MAC layer are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
The scarcity of bandwidth in the radio spectrum has become more vital since the demand for more and more wireless applications has increased. Most of the spectrum bands have been allocated although many studies have shown that these bands are significantly underutilized most of the time. The problem of unavailability of spectrum and inefficiency in its utilization has been smartly addressed by the cognitive radio (CR) technology which is an opportunistic network that senses the environment, observes the network changes, and then uses knowledge gained from the prior interaction with the network to make intelligent decisions by dynamically adapting their transmission characteristics. In this paper, some of the decentralized adaptive medium access control (MAC) protocols for CR networks have been critically analyzed, and a novel adaptive MAC protocol for CR networks, decentralized non-global MAC (DNG-MAC), has been proposed. The results show the DNG-MAC outperforms other CR-MAC protocols in terms of time and energy efficiency.  相似文献   

15.
This paper considers a cognitive radio (CR) system in non-ideal fading wireless channels and pro-poses cooperative spectrum sensing schemes based on coherent multiple access channels (MAC),serving as an alternative way to improve the cooperative spectrum sensing performance and provide space diversity for spec-trum sensing.Sufficient statistics are transmitted using a common channel from the secondary users (SUs) to a fusion center (FC) where the global decision is obtained.The optimal scaling factors of the proposed schemes are obtained by maximizing the detection probability under a target false alarm probability and a transmit power constraint.Because the proposed optimal MAC scheme has high computational complexity,a sub-optimal solu-tion based on maximization of the deflection coefficient (DC) is also proposed.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can significantly improve the spectrum sensing performance and approach the detection baseline.  相似文献   

16.
无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
在无线传感器网络体系结构中,MAC(medium access control)协议是保证网络高效通信的重要协议.无线传感器网络有着与传统无线网络明显不同的性能特点和技术要求,传统无线网络MAC协议无法应用于传感器网络,各种针对特定传感器网络特点的MAC协议相继提出.归纳无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则和分类方法,分析当前典型的各类MAC协议的主要机制,详细比较这些协议的特点、性能差异和应用范围.最后总结无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状,指出未来的研究重点.  相似文献   

17.
对近年来无线传感器网络(W SNs)的基于时分复用(TDMA)的媒质访问控制(MAC)协议的最新研究进展进行了讨论和综述,描述了设计W SNs的MAC协议应该考虑的问题,详细论述了传感器网络的MAC协议的能量有效性问题,着重对一些具有代表性的基于TDMA的MAC协议进行对比、分析,并在此基础上提出了将来设计这类MAC协议的方向和建议。  相似文献   

18.
IEEE 802.11 specifies four different medium access control (MAC) protocols to coordinate multiple access in a wireless local area network (WLAN). Since several tens of stations can operate in a WLAN, the performance of MAC protocols is important for overall network efficiency. It has been observed that the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols can be improved by knowing which station has a non-empty queue, i.e., queue status. The point coordination function (PCF) can use this information to avoid polling a station that has no pending data. The HCF controlled channel access can adapt polling parameters based on queue status information, especially when scheduling a bursty and variable bit-rate traffic. Previously suggested methods are rather limited in terms of accuracy and efficiency.In this paper, we propose a novel method to investigate the queue status of multiple stations by exploiting orthogonal signaling. With synchronous transmission of orthogonal codes and symbol level signal processing, the method allows all of the associated stations to report their queue status at the same time. Challenges that can arise in the implementation of the proposed method are identified, and their solutions are suggested. The feasibility of detecting orthogonal signals is thoroughly tested on a realistic channel model. To demonstrate the performance improvement of a MAC protocol, we applied the proposed method to PCF. Both analysis and simulation show that the modified PCF significantly outperforms not only the original PCF but also other previously suggested PCF enhancements.  相似文献   

19.
在认知无线电网络中,MAC协议用于信道感知、选择和接入控制。以单网卡多信道MAC(MMAC)协议为基础,依据IEEE 802.22标准定义的静默期管理的两阶段感知策略,提出一种认知无线电网络分布式多信道MAC(CR-MMAC)协议。将两阶段感知机制和分布式协商融入MMAC协议,利用空闲频谱进行数据传输,并在MMAC协议ATIM窗的数据信道协商阶段引入预约机制,以避免选择同一信道的认知节点对在后续数据传输阶段再利用CSMA/CA造成的竞争碰撞。仿真对比分析表明,CR-MMAC协议能提高网络吞吐量、降低通信时  相似文献   

20.
MAC协议对无线传感网络的运行和性能具有重要的影响。为此,分析了基于簇的无线传感器网络的MAC协议,针对它们存在的缺陷,提出了一种新的基于簇的MAC协议(C-MAC)。该协议能够根据簇成员节点数目和通信负载动态地改变TDMA帧的长度,减少节点的空闲侦听时间,提高信道的利用率,从而延长网络的生命周期。模拟结果显示,该协议在数据包延迟、能量消耗和数据包接收率等性能上有很大提高。  相似文献   

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