虚拟电位滴定仪的开发

根据化学平衡原理建立了虚拟电位滴定的滴定剂体积与响应电位的关系。响应数据的误差用Monte Carlo方法产生。介绍了虚拟电位滴定仪设计的体系结构和应用。该软件可用于分析化学实验辅助教学，界面逼真友好，操作简单。介绍了虚拟电位滴定仪模拟数据及误差产生的原理，程序的体系结构和应用。该软件可用于分析化学实验辅助教学，界面逼真友好，操作简单。     

分析化学离子平衡软件的开发

介绍分析化学中离子平衡计算软件的结构，功能及用途，该软件可用于分析化学中离子平衡的计算及绘图，软件用VB编写，操作简单，功能齐全，用户界面友好，为辅助教学和实际应用提供了方便。     

分析化学实验成绩评定软件的开发

介绍了分析化学实验成绩评定软件的主要内容、设计思想及功能 ,该软件采用VisualFoxPro5 0中文版编程 ,可用于分析化学实验成绩的评定。内容包括 :实验数据输入、实验数据修改、实验数据处理、实验结果查询、实验数据打印、修改学生名单等。本软件具有操作简单、使用方便等特点     

分析化学实验成绩评定软件的开发

介绍了分析化学实验成绩评定软件的主要内容、设计思想及功能、该软件采用Visual FoxPro5.0中文版编程,可用于分析化学实验成绩的评定,内容包括：实验数据输入、实验数据修改、实验数据处理、实验结果查询、实验数据打印、修改学生名单等。本软件具有操作简单、使用方便等特点。     

缓冲溶液配制软件的开发

以Microsoft．NET框架为开发平台开发缓冲溶液配制软件，并使用ASP．NET将软件扩展至基于Web的远程计算。该软件根据化学平衡、电荷平衡原理精确计算缓冲溶液的配制方案，计算结果准确、界面友好、容易操作，可广泛应用于各种情况的缓冲溶液配制方案的计算。介绍该软件的计算原理、体系结构及应用。     

大学化学实验智能化辅助教学与管理系统

根据大学化学实验教学目标和要求,用Bcb5.5编写了大学化学实验智能化辅助教学与管理系统软件,它不仅可用于单一实验和综合性实验的辅助教学,而且可按需要进行智能扩充。该软件集实验预习及指导、数据采集和处理、成绩评定及查询、实验项目智能扩充及相关信息管理于一体,界面友好、易于使用。     

化工原理实验报告批改软件的开发

介绍了化工原理实验报告批改软件的主要内容、设计思想及功能,该软件可用于化工原理实验报告的批改,追踪学生实验数据的处理及计算过程,指出学生数据处理出错的原因。该软件具有操作简单、使用方便等特点。     

氨法湿法脱硫工艺中物料平衡计算软件的设计与开发

文章介绍了氨法脱硫工艺的吸收原理,研究了物料平衡、水平衡和热量平衡的计算模型,运用Visual Basic 6.0编程软件开发了物料平衡计算软件,软件具有输入简单、界面友好、结果详实可靠等特点.计算的结果可直接用于工程设计和设备选型.该软件还可对操作参数进行优化分析,以方便设计人员从技术经济角度选择最优的参数.     

化工热力学教学软件的开发

介绍化工热力学软件的结构,功能及途径,该软件可用于计算机气体的热力学性质,溶液的性质,纯张分以及多组分体系的汽液平衡。软件的界面部分用ＢｏｒｌａｎｄＣ＋＋编写,计算部分用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ７７编写,软件自带汉字环境,操作简单,功能,用户界面友好,为ＣＡＩ教学与实际应用提供了方便。     

基于Windows的某型发射装置内场测试软件设计与实现

本文针对某型号发射装置内场测试仪系统,讨论了该内场测试仪的测试软件设计和工作原理。采用面向对象编程方法,用Visual C++设计实现了基于Windows操作系统的测试软件。该软件具有界面友好、操作简单、模块化和可重用性等特点。     

中国饮食文化的体验设计探析

人类已跨入"体验经济"时代,体验设计是将消费者的参与融入设计中,企业把服务作为"舞台",产品作为"道具",而环境作为"布景",使消费者在商业活动过程中感受到美好的体验过程。本文将从中国饮食文化中寻找契合体验设计中"主题化"元素,并阐述如何取其形,延其意,传其神来带给用餐者不同的体验。     

Ontological aspects of information modeling

Information modeling (also known as conceptual modeling or semantic data modeling) may be characterized as the formulation of a model in which information aspects of objective and subjective reality are presented (the application), independent of datasets and processes by which they may be realized (the system).A methodology for information modeling should incorporate a number of concepts which have appeared in the literature, but should also be formulated in terms of constructs which are understandable to and expressible by the system user as well as the system developer. This is particularly desirable in connection with certain intimate relationships, such as being the same as or being a part of.The conceptual basis for such a methodology, as conventionally approached, seems flavored with notions arising in the systems arena to an inappropriate degree. To counter this tendency it is useful to turn to a discipline not hitherto much involved in technology, namely analytic philosophy.     

Video as a high-level data type

Object-oriented application frameworks are among the most advanced tools available to software engineers for the development and maintenance of applications with sophisticated interactive user interfaces. These frameworks provide text and graphics as high-level data types but still lack support for motion video or animation, which demand high screen update rates and multi-threading. We identified the screen update model drawing by invalidation (or damage repair), which is widely used in frameworks as well as other user interface toolkits, as a major obstacle to video integration. We generalized the model to remove this obstacle and changed an application framework's internal architecture accordingly. The adapted framework together with a newly developed video class hierarchy now allows a programmer to easily place video objects in any shape and number seamlessly integrated with other visual objects in any user interface element. For instance, video objects may appear in scrollable views, as possibly overlapping building blocks in graphics editors, as characters in text editors, and as items in list or pop-up menus. The classes in the hierarchy factor out common functionality to ease the development of customized video objects. For instance, the setup of and communication with a separate thread of control as well as the implementation of the new drawing model can be inherited and reused in subclasses.     

“低碳”背景下的设计审美

"低碳"是一种生活方式,也是一种生活态度。设计师以设计为媒介,将"低碳"生活方式传达给人们。文章告诉人们用"低碳"的思考方式去审视生活,阐述"低碳"设计的意义以及设计师在"低碳"背景下的责任。这时候,设计的任务也不只是解决人们生活中所遇到困难,而是更好地把绿色的生活态度传达给人们,引导大众走向正确的生活理念。这种生活方式进而塑造出新的审美观与审美趋势。通过对这种审美趋势的研究,从而指引我们在"低碳"背景下的设计趋势。     

Explanation-based interpretation of open-textured concepts in logical models of legislation

In this paper we discuss a view of the Machine Learning technique called Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) or Explanation-Based Generalization (EBG) as a process for the interpretation of vague concepts in logic-based models of law.The open-textured nature of legal terms is a well-known open problem in the building of knowledge-based legal systems. EBG is a technique which creates generalizations of given examples on the basis of background domain knowledge. We relate these two topics by considering EBG's domain knowledge as corresponding to statute law rules, and EBG's training example as corresponding to a precedent case.By making the interpretation of vague predicates as guided by precedent cases, we use EBG as an effective process capable of creating a link between predicates appearing as open-textured concepts in law rules, and predicates appearing as ordinary language wording for stating the facts of a case.Standard EBG algorithms do not change the deductive closure of the domain theory. In the legal context, this is only adequate when concepts vaguely defined in some law rules can be reformulated in terms of other concepts more precisely defined in other rules. We call theory reformulation the process adopted in this situation of complete knowledge.In many cases, however, statutory law leaves some concepts completely undefined. We then propose extensions to the EBG standard that deal with this situation of incomplete knowledge, and call theory revision the extended process. In order to fill in knowledge gaps we consider precedent cases supplemented by additional heuristic information. The extensions proposed treat heuristics represented by abstraction hierarchies with constraints and exceptions.In the paper we also precisely characterize the distinction between theory reformulation and theory revision by stating formal definitions and results, in the context of the Logic Programming theory.We offer this proposal as a possible contribution to cross fertilization between machine learning and legal reasoning methods.     

在生态美学视野下看“为人造物”观念

在生态美学的视域下分析"为人造物"观,可见其在处理"人"与"自然"生态的范畴中,过分强调"人类"的中心性地位。应该将"人"的概念纳入到社会生态系统中去,在生态关怀和人文关怀中寻求一个契合点,人文关怀应建立在生态关怀的整体基点上,以生态关怀为导向,以人文关怀为轴心,使人文关怀中体现着生态精神,生态关怀中贯穿着人类价值。     

汉语连续数字串识别的改进

介绍了利用三音子模型和基频信息提高汉语连续数字串的识别率。在汉语连续数字串识别中“8”和“2”是容易混淆的数字,而“9”和“6”在识别时会在末尾插入一个“5”而变成“95”和“65”。三音子模型将不同上下文的同一个数字区分开来,明显提高了识别率。基频反映了声调的变化,将它们作为后处理进一步降低了错误率。     

“空”“有”相生魅力无穷

古人说"计白当黑,奇趣乃出",黑和白、虚和实像骨肉一样相连,形影相随、不可分离。白即空白也是最为巧妙的语言形式。"空白"并非空无一物,它是各类视觉元素之间的一种相互的关系以及这种关系造成的一种力。"空"和"有"是一对循环往复且又互相对立转换的自然状态,这就使得"空白"的设计研究具有了广袤的趣味价值。     

Artefacts as designed, artefacts as used: resources for uncovering activity dynamics

This paper addresses the use of artefacts as a powerful resource for analysis, focusing on the artefact as designed as a means of eliciting the designers explicit and implicit knowledge and artefacts as used as a means of uncovering the trail left by currently inactive processes. Artefact analysis is particularly suitable in situations where direct observation is ineffective, especially in activities that occur infrequently. We demonstrate the usefulness of our technique through the analysis of artefacts within both the office and the meeting environment. This is part of a wider study aimed at understanding the nature of decisions in meetings with the view of producing a tool to aid decision management and hence reduce rework. We conclude by drawing out some general lessons from our analysis, which reaffirms the intricate role that artefacts play in maintaining activity dynamics.

Software Function, Source Lines of Code, and Development Effort Prediction: A Software Science Validation

One of the most important problems faced by software developers and users is the prediction of the size of a programming system and its development effort. As an alternative to "size," one might deal with a measure of the "function" that the software is to perform. Albrecht [1] has developed a methodology to estimate the amount of the "function" the software is to perform, in terms of the data it is to use (absorb) and to generate (produce). The "function" is quantified as "function points," essentially, a weighted sum of the numbers of "inputs," "outputs,"master files," and "inquiries" provided to, or generated by, the software. This paper demonstrates the equivalence between Albrecht's external input/output data flow representative of a program (the "function points" metric) and Halstead's [2] "software science" or "software linguistics" model of a program as well as the "soft content" variation of Halstead's model suggested by Gaffney [7].