Analysis of normal and epileptic seizure EEG signals using empirical mode decomposition

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders characterized by transient and unexpected electrical disturbance of the brain. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is an invaluable measurement for the purpose of assessing brain activities, containing information relating to the different physiological states of the brain. It is a very effective tool for understanding the complex dynamical behavior of the brain. This paper presents the application of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for analysis of EEG signals. The EMD decomposes a EEG signal into a finite set of bandlimited signals termed intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The Hilbert transformation of IMFs provides analytic signal representation of IMFs. The area measured from the trace of the analytic IMFs, which have circular form in the complex plane, has been used as a feature in order to discriminate normal EEG signals from the epileptic seizure EEG signals. It has been shown that the area measure of the IMFs has given good discrimination performance. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于NA-MEMD和互信息的脑电特征提取方法

多变量经验模式分解（MEMD）方法不需要根据先验知识选取基函数,能同时对多通道数据进行自适应分解,适合于分析具有高度相关性和非平稳性的脑电信号。为了判别包含有用信息的内蕴模式函数（IMFs）,提出一种基于噪声辅助多变量经验模式分解（NA-MEMD）和互信息的方法,并用于脑电特征提取。首先使用NA-MEMD算法对多通道信号进行分解得到多尺度IMF分量,然后采用互信息法分别计算各尺度上信号与其IMF分量、噪声与其IMF分量、信号IMF分量与噪声IMF分量之间的相关性,接着根据敏感因子筛选包含有用信息的IMF分量,将其叠加得到对应的重构信号,最后采用共同空间模式（CSP）法对重构信号进行特征提取,再用支持向量机（SVM）实现分类。使用仿真数据和实际数据集BCI Competition IV Data Set 1进行测试,与现有的其他方法比较,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于经验模态分解和SVM的脑电信号分类方法

脑电信号的非线性、非平稳性造成对运动想象脑电信号的分类识别存在特征提取困难、可区分性低以及分类识别性能差等问题。本文提出一种基于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)和支撑向量机(Support Vector Machine, SVM)的运动想象脑电信号分类方法,充分利用EMD算法在处理非线性、非平稳信号的自适应性以及SVM在小样本条件的高识别性能和强泛化能力。首先利用EMD算法将C3、C4导联信号分解为一系列本征模函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),然后从IMF的信息和能量等维度提取特征将脑电信号转换至区分性更强的特征域,最后利用SVM进行分类识别。采用国际BCI竞赛2003中的Graz数据进行验证,所提方法可以得到94.6%的正确识别率,为在线脑-机接口系统的研究提供了新的思路。     

思维作业脑电的IMF能量熵特征提取与分类研究

提出了一种基于固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）能量熵的特征提取方法。对三类脑电思维信号分别进行了经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）,并得到与其相对应的IMF。试验发现对于不同类别的信号,同阶的IMF能量的判别熵有明显的不同。而采用K-近邻分类器对三类脑电信号进行了分类,发现基于最佳特征向量选择的分类试验的平均正确识别率达75%以上。     

Emotion recognition from EEG signals by using multivariate empirical mode decomposition

This paper explores the advanced properties of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and its multivariate extension (MEMD) for emotion recognition. Since emotion recognition using EEG is a challenging study due to nonstationary behavior of the signals caused by complicated neuronal activity in the brain, sophisticated signal processing methods are required to extract the hidden patterns in the EEG. In addition, multichannel analysis is another issue to be considered when dealing with EEG signals. EMD is a recently proposed iterative method to analyze nonlinear and nonstationary time series. It decomposes a signal into a set of oscillations called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) without requiring a set of basis functions. In this study, a MEMD-based feature extraction method is proposed to process multichannel EEG signals for emotion recognition. The multichannel IMFs extracted by MEMD are analyzed using various time and frequency domain techniques such as power ratio, power spectral density, entropy, Hjorth parameters and correlation as features of valance and arousal scales of the participants. The proposed method is applied to the DEAP emotional EEG data set, and the results are compared with similar previous studies for benchmarking.     

EMD和CSP融合最优波长空间滤波脑电特征提取方法

基于经验模式分解和共空间模式,结合最优波长空间滤波,提出了三者相结合的特征提取方法。该方法首先利用经验模式分解进行分解,得到固有模态函数,选择合适的固有模态函数进行信号的重构,然后将重构的信号进行最优波长空间滤波变换,得到最优的波长选择信号,再经共空间模式投影映射,提取相应的特征向量,最后利用支持向量机进行分类。运用该方法对9位受试者进行分类结果分析,平均分类准确率在95%以上,实验表明,提出的算法具有较好的分类识别性。     

公共空间模式算法结合经验模式分解的EEG特征提取

常规的公共空间模式分解方法需要大量的输入通道、缺乏频域信息,发展受到限制。为了克服以上缺点,将经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）和公共空间模式算法结合,改变CSP滤波器成分选择方式,提出EMD-CSP算法来获取特征向量。该算法对预处理后的信号进行经验模式（EMD）分解,得到固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMFs）,观察并计算每个IMF分量的能量谱,筛选有效的IMF频段（5~28 Hz）,使用改进的CSP滤波器进行滤波获取特征,最后使用支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）进行分类。分类结果得到9位受试的想象运动平均分类正确率为92%,证实了该算法的可行性与有效性。     

Adaptive multi-parent crossover GA for feature optimization in epileptic seizure identification

EEG signal analysis involves multi-frequency non-stationary brain waves from multiple channels. Segmenting these signals, extracting features to obtain the important properties of the signal and classification are key aspects of detecting epileptic seizures. Despite the introduction of several techniques, it is very challenging when multiple EEG channels are involved. When many channels exist, a spatial filter is required to eliminate noise and extract relevant information. This adds a new dimension of complexity to the frequency feature space. In order to stabilize the classifier of the channels, feature selection is very important. Furthermore, and to improve the performance of a classifier, more data is required from EEG channels for complex problems. The increase of such data poses some challenges as it becomes difficult to identify the subject dependent bands when the channels increase. Hence, an automated process is required for such identification.The proposed approach in this work tends to tackle the multiple EEG channels problem by segmenting the EEG signals in the frequency domain based on changing spikes rather than the traditional time based windowing approach. While to reduce the overall dimensionality and preserve the class-dependent features an optimization approach is used. This process of selecting an optimal feature subset is an optimization problem. Thus, we propose an adaptive multi-parent crossover Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimizing the features used in classifying epileptic seizures. The GA-based approach is used to optimize the various features obtained. It encodes the temporal and spatial filter estimates and optimize the feature selection with respect to the classification error. The classification was done using a Support Vector Machine (SVM).The proposed technique was evaluated using the publicly available epileptic seizure data from the machine learning repository of the UCI center for machine learning and intelligent systems. The proposed approach outperforms other ones and achieved a high level of accuracy. These results, indicate the ability of a multi-parent crossover GA in optimizing the feature selection process in EEG classification.     

基于多变量符号转移熵的癫痫脑电分析

大脑神经元细胞群的异常同步放电是癫痫的病因,这种异常放电是目前诊断癫痫的重要依据。利用复杂度理 论来分析癫痫信号已经成为研究热点,而符号转移熵是反应系统混乱程度的一种非线性指标,在研究癫痫脑电信号特征的提取中有重要的作用。符号转移熵一般都是用来衡量两 个变量之间的动力学特征及方向性信息,忽略了多个变量之间相互作用。本文基于多变量符号转移熵研究分析了癫痫脑电信号,实验中将原始信号符号化后通过数值分析,对导联信号及信号长度的选取以及稳健性分析,表明该方法能够对正常人与癫痫病人的脑电信号进行显著区分,且该算法稳健可靠,该研究结果对临床辅助诊断有帮助。     

基于谱插值与经验模态分解的表面肌电信号降噪处理*

根据表面肌电(surface electromyography, sEMG)信号的噪声特性来探讨其降噪方法的应用问题。采用谱插值法来削弱工频干扰以避免工频处的肌电信息成分丢失,再选取通过经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition, EMD)方法获得的内在模态函数(intrinsic mode function, IMF)分量作小波软阈值分析,并将部分明显的低频IMF干扰分量及冗余分量去除,然后对相应IMF分量进行重构便可得到降噪处理后的sEMG信号。仿真和真实信号的降噪实验结果     

基于EMD和LVQ的信号特征提取及分类方法

针对非平稳、非线性、微弱信号难以分析和处理的特点,本文提出了一种基于经验模式分解和学习向量量化神经网络的信号处理和分类方法,并在生物信号处理领域(左、右手运动想象的脑电信号)进行了研究和应用.首先通过经验模式分解算法对脑电信号分解,然后选取主要固有模态函数分量并计算其绝对均值作为特征值,最后使用学习向量量化网络进行分类,并分别与支持向量机和误差反向传播神经网络分类算法进行了对比研究.实验结果表明,所提出的算法分类正确率达到了87％,相比于其余两种对比算法在特定的信号处理领域优越,具有一定的参考和研究价值.     

基于EMD和PCA的P300分类算法

提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)及主分量分析(PCA)的分类算法,采用支持向量机(SVM)对P300脑电信号字符拼写实验进行分类,通过EMD变换对P300脑电信号分解,从而达到去噪增强特征的效果,使用PCA方法对原始P300信号进行特征提取和集中,并送入SVM中实现分类。实验结果表明,该算法能获得高达96%的分类正确率。     

基于EMD和PCA的P300分类算法

提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)及主分量分析(PCA)的分类算法,采用支持向量机(SVM)对P300脑电信号字符拼写实验进行分类,通过EMD变换对P300脑电信号分解,从而达到去噪增强特征的效果,使用PCA方法对原始P300信号进行特征提取和集中,并送入SVM中实现分类。实验结果表明,该算法能获得高达96%的分类正确率。     

基于改进小波阈值-CEEMDAN算法的ECG信号去噪研究

Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal denoising has always been a hot research issue. In order to eliminate the noises in ECG signal, a denoising method based on adaptive complete set empirical mode decomposition (CEEMDAN) and wavelet improved threshold function is proposed. Firstly, this method firstly decomposes the ECG signal by CEEMDAN to obtain a set of intrinsic modal functions (IMFs) from high frequency to low frequency. CEEMDAN decomposition is performed on ECG signal to yield several modal components (IMF). Secondly, the correlation coefficient method is used to perform wavelet denoising with improved threshold on the high frequency IMFs. For the low frequency IMFs, by setting a fixed threshold, the IMFs below the threshold is considered to be the baseline drift signal and removed. Finally, the denoised IMFs and the retained IMFs are reconstructed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more effective than the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) wavelet denoising, and the global average empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) wavelet denoising method.     

基于小波变换和AdaBoost极限学习机的癫痫脑电信号分类

针对单一极限学习机(ELM)在癫痫脑电信号研究中分类结果不稳定、泛化能力差的缺陷,提出一种基于互信息(MI)的AdaBoost极限学习机分类算法。该算法将AdaBoost引入到极限学习机中,并嵌入互信息输入变量选择,以强学习器最终的性能作为评价指标,实现对输入变量以及网络模型的优化。利用小波变换(WT)提取脑电信号特征,并结合提出的分类算法对UCI脑电数据集以及波恩大学癫痫脑电数据进行分类。实验结果表明,所提方法相比传统方法以及其他同类型研究,在分类精度和稳定性上有着明显提高,并具有较好的泛化性能。     

基于小波去噪和EMD的船舶液位信号特性分析

为提高船舶液舱液位测量精度,研究了液位测量信号的特性,提出基于小波去噪和经验模态分解(EMD)的水位信号处理新方法。用平移不变小波去噪算法对液位信号进行预处理,消除异常事件对EMD方法的影响,用EMD分解信号,按照给定的置信度去除高频固有模态(IMF)分量,提取低频IMF及趋势项进行重构,得到的无干扰成分即为液位真实信号。理论及实验研究表明,只有在有效消除异常干扰的情况下才能获得可靠的IMF分量,采用该方法提取有异常干扰的液水位信号真实趋势是有效可行的。     

A novel method for analyzing dominant oscillation mode based on improved EMD and signal energy algorithm

In this paper,a novel method that integrates the improved empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and signal energy algorithm is proposed to estimate the dominant oscillation parameters and corresponding mode shape.Firstly,the EMD with symmetrical extrema extension(SEE)is utilized to decompose the measured data from wide area measurement system(WAMS)into a finite set of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).Then,the signal energy algorithm is used to calculate the approximate oscillation parameters of the IMFs.The nodes ...     

Automatic classification of sleep stages based on the time-frequency image of EEG signals

In this paper, a new method for automatic sleep stage classification based on time-frequency image (TFI) of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is proposed. Automatic classification of sleep stages is an important part for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. The smoothed pseudo Wigner–Ville distribution (SPWVD) based time-frequency representation (TFR) of EEG signal has been used to obtain the time-frequency image (TFI). The segmentation of TFI has been performed based on the frequency-bands of the rhythms of EEG signals. The features derived from the histogram of segmented TFI have been used as an input feature set to multiclass least squares support vector machines (MC-LS-SVM) together with the radial basis function (RBF), Mexican hat wavelet, and Morlet wavelet kernel functions for automatic classification of sleep stages from EEG signals. The experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method for classification of sleep stages from EEG signals.     

基于EMD多模态特征融合支持向量机的故障诊断

针对非平稳时间序列信号,提出一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)的特征提取和多模态特征融合支持向量机的故障诊断方法,首先对原始信号进行EMD分解,选择能量最大的几个基本模式分量(IMF)并提取其小波包特征,获得对每个IMF独立的特征子集;然后在每个IMF特征子集中训练SVM弱分类器,并根据各特征子集对应的IMF能量权重进行加权融合,获得故障状态的强分类器,将该方法应用于6135型柴油机振动信号故障诊断中,实验结果表明了其可行性和有效性.     

Empirical Mode Decomposition for Signal Preprocessing and Classification of Intrinsic Mode Functions

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an adaptive, data-driven technique for processing and analyzing various types of non-stationary signals. EMD is a powerful and effective tool for signal preprocessing (denoising, detrending, regularity estimation) and time-frequency analysis. This paper discusses pattern discovery in signals via EMD. New approaches to this problem are introduced, which involve well-known information criteria along with some other proposed ones, which have been investigated and developed for our particular tasks. In addition, the methods expounded in the paper may be considered as a way of denoising and coping with the redundancy problem of EMD. A general classification of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs, empirical modes) in accordance with their physical interpretation is offered and an attempt is made to perform classification on the basis of the regression theory, special classification statistics and some cluster- analysis algorithm. The main advantage of the innovations is their capability of working automatically. Simulation studies have been undertaken on multiharmonic signals. We also cover some aspects of hardware implementation of EMD.