UML类图中面向非功能属性的描述和检验

为系统构建模型是软件开发中的一项关键活动.一个高质量的模型不仅要包含系统的功能属性,即系统能够做什么,同时还应包含系统的非功能属性,即系统的质量如何.目前,通用的建模方法和工具对功能属性建模支持良好,而对如何为非功能属性建模关注得不多,特别是如何将二者统一起来并对描述的非功能属性的有关性质进行检验.通过在UML类图中增加非功能属性标注和约束关系表等建模元素来扩展UML类图,使其能够描述非功能属性.在此基础上,又提供了对扩展UML类图中非功能属性的一致性和可满足性进行检验的方法.通过实例对上述的面向非功能属     

一种建模软件体系结构非功能属性的方法

非功能属性的处理一直是困扰着研究人员和实践者的难题.针对体系结构设计阶段早期,提出一种建模非功能属性的方法.该方法利用面向方面软件开发中的关注点多维分离原理,提出建模软件体系结构的"1+X"模型,并在此基础上进一步划分体系结构非功能属性的维度,归纳各个维度上的关注点,利用XML对维度和关注点进行规约.该模型为后续设计面向方面的软件体系结构奠定了基础,为体系结构设计人员提供了方法支持,而且该成果可以直接用于不同领域内的软件体系结构设计.     

基于UML的软件体系结构的定量评估

软件体系结构是软件开发过程的关键制品,应该尽早地分析和评估其质量.目前研究的软件体系结构评估主要集中在基于场景的评估方法,其特点是定性的、主观的、无需专用的体系结构描述语言.本文提出以统一建模语言UML作为软件体系结构描述语言以及度量的软件体系结构的定量评估.针对UML的可视化、多视图、半形式化以及一致地应用在整个软件开发活动的特性,提出一组UML度量,从UML图所表达的信息含量、可视化影响以及图形建模元素之间的关联性这三个方面度量软件体系结构.分析并讨论这组UML度量在评估软件体系结构的规模、复杂性和结构性等质量属性方面的应用.     

基于UML的多agent系统软件体系结构建模研究

针对面向agent软件开发方法普遍缺乏对多agent系统软件体系结构的描述的问题,基于UML 2.0规定的两种扩充方式,在UML元模型的基础上增加了描述多agent系统和软件体系结构两个方面特征的建模元素,并用八个视图对多agent系统的软件体系结构进行描述,最后通过实例说明了该方法适用于多agent系统软件体系结构的构造.     

The Application of UML Modeling in University Teaching Materials Management System

UML 是当前面向对象分析和设计过程中使用的一种建模语言,是重要的图形化建模工具.UML 能让系统开发者用标准的、易于理解的方式表达出对系统正确、完整的认识,并有利于在开发团队中进行有效地沟通和共享.研究使用UML进行高校教材管理系统的建模,进行软件开发,可以缩短项目开发周期,降低了代码数量,提高了系统的可维护性.     

运用UML对基于J2EE的Web应用系统建模研究

构建基于J2EE的Web应用系统是当前的热点,UML是用于建立面向对象系统模型的标准建模语言,如何运用UML对Web应用系统建模是一个新的研究方向.阐述了结合使用J2EE和UML的原因以及如何运用UML实现对J2EE的建模表示,探讨了运用UML对基于J2EE的Web应用系统建模的一般过程和方法,并结合一个网上拍卖系统的建模实例,详细说明了其建模过程和建模方法.通过对Web应用系统建模,可以有效地保证Web应用系统开发的质量.     

基于UML的低压配电网实时监控系统的设计

统一建模语言UML(UnifiedModelingLanguage)是面向对象技术的一个重要应用,也是软件工程环境中对象分析和设计的重要工具。采用基于Rational统一过程RUP(RationalUnifiedProcess)软件开发过程的UML建模方法对低压配电网实时监控系统进行了建模与设计,展示了UML的建模机制和特点。     

基于UML的敏捷建模方法研究

企业要想不断的适应社会的快速变化,必须在需求和技术不断变化的过程中实现快速的软件开发.UML作为一个有效的建模工具,可以对软件开发的过程进行可视化,敏捷建模是一种有效的、轻量的软件开发方法.基于UML的敏捷建模方法研究,将敏捷方法贯穿于整个系统分析建模过程中,通过创建简单内容,采用迭代、递增的方法建模,达到包容需求变化的目的,提高软件开发的质量和速度,为企业创造竞争优势.     

双重软件体系结构描述框架XYZ/ADL

体系结构设计在软件开发过程中扮演着重要角色.工程中常用图形语言为软件体系结构建模,它们有直观、半形式化的优点;但是语义不够精确,难以对它们表示的模型进行分析,在这方面,形式化方法可与之互补.但在工程使用中仅用形式化语言建模又不太现实,所以如何结合二者之长以提高软件的可靠性已成为工业界和学术界共同关心的问题.提出了双重软件体系结构描述框架XYZ/ADL:支持工程中软件体系结构的基本概念,前端用一般的体系结构框图作为结构描述,用UML活动图、状态图作为抽象行为表示;后端用既可表示系统动态语义又可表示系统静态语义的时序逻辑语言XYZ/E作为一致的语义基础.前端的图形语言便于软件工程师的交流和使用,后端的形式语言是进一步的形式化分析验证的基础.     

基于UML的多视图软件体系结构描述方法研究*

提出一种新的基于UML(unified modeling language)的多视图模型,即“6＋1”视图模型,从场景、概念视图、框架视图、过程视图、数据视图、构件视图、物理视图七个视角完整地描述一个系统的体系结构,并将该视图模型应用到钢材库管理系统的体系结构描述中。实践表明,它是面向对象软件开发方法中高效而实用的软件体系结构建模方法。     

Analysing students' shared activity while modeling a biological process in a computer-supported educational environment

Abstract  This paper reports on a case study with three dyads of high school students (age 14 years) each collaborating on a plant growth modeling task in the computer-supported educational environment ' ModelsCreator '. Following a qualitative line of research, the present study aims at highlighting the ways in which the collaborating students as well as the facilitator who supported them are engaged in the computer-based modeling 'activity'. The analysis is carried out with a two-level analytic tool that has been derived within the theoretical framework of 'activity theory'. Our results show that a wide range of modeling 'operations' is activated in the context of the three major modeling 'actions' of 'analysis', 'synthesis' and 'testing-interpreting', which take place in the light of the facilitator-driven 'action' of cognitive and technical support. Moreover, these actions are combined into 'modeling units' of various forms which are repeated several times until the modeling process comes to an end. These many-fold repeats of the 'modeling unit' appear to shape a pattern which characterizes the computer-supported shared 'activity' as a whole.     

Context-aware garment modeling from sketches

Modeling of realistic garments is essential for creating believable virtual environments. Sketch-based modeling of garments presents an appealing, easy to use alternative to the established modeling approaches which are time consuming and require significant tailoring expertise. Unfortunately, the results created using existing sketch-based methods lack realism. Driven by human perception of garment sketches, we propose a context-aware garment sketch interpretation based on a set of observations about key factors that affect the shape of garments. Based on this analysis we develop a geometric method for sketch-based modeling of garments which obtains more realistic results than previous techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a variety of inputs and validate our approach via a user study where viewers were asked to compare the believability of our outputs versus previous ones.     

A ‘context-aware’ and agent-centric perspective for the alignment between individuals and organizations

The enterprise modeling field aims at representing organizations from several, inter-related perspectives. A number of enterprise modeling frameworks have been developed providing models, methods and tools that enable to communicate the structure and processes of organizations. These frameworks have been used both for systems development and organizational analysis ends, where the latter mainly focuses process (re)design efforts. We argue that enterprise modeling frameworks can be used for other kinds of organizational analysis. In particular, they can be used to capture and model work practices, human multitasking at work, and to compare models describing pre-defined behavior with actual execution.     

三维地质模型分析概述

由于三维地质建模需要对矿体的品位等属性信息进行详细的描述,所以三维地学建模须采用基于体元的方法建模,也可以由表面模型栅格化为体元模型。综述了现在常用的三维地质建模的一般方法,实体模型、四面体、块体模型、结构实体几何、似三棱柱等,并对各自的优缺点进行了分析,着重介绍了基于体元的建模方法,可为三维地质建模初学者提供一定的参考。     

A procedure for building product models

The application of product modeling in manufacturing companies raises the important question of how to model product knowledge in a comprehensible and efficient way. An important challenge is to qualify engineers to model and specify IT-systems (product models) to support their specification activities. A basic assumption is that engineers have to take the responsibility for building product models to be used in their domain. To do that they must be able to carry out the modeling task on their own without any need for support from computer science experts. This paper presents a set of simple, easily adaptable concepts and methods for modeling product knowledge. The concepts and methods are based on well-defined concepts and methods from data modeling (object oriented analysis) and domain modeling (product modeling). The concepts are general and can be used for modeling all types of specifications in the different phases in the product life cycle. The modeling techniques presented have been tested in different companies and have proved to work.     

MuscleBuilder: A modeling tool for human anatomy

A traditional multi-layered approach is adopted to human body modeling and deformation. The model is split into three general anatomical structures: the skeleton, musculature and skin. It is shown that each of these layers is modeled and deformed by using fast, procedural, ad-hoc methods that can painlessly be reimplemented. The modeling approach is generic enough to handle muscles of varying shape, size and characteristics and does not break in extreme skeleton poses. It is also described that the integrated MuscleBuilder system whose main features are: i) easy and quick creation of muscle deformation models; ii) automatic deformation of an overlying skin. It is shown that visually realistic results can be obtained at interactive frame rates with very little input from the designer.     

Location-based services and GIS in perspective

This paper examines location-based services (LBS) from a broad perspective involving definitions, characteristics, and application prospects. We present an overview of LBS modeling regarding users, locations, contexts and data. The LBS modeling endeavors are cross-examined with a research agenda of geographic information science. Some core research themes are briefly speculated.     

A Curvature and Density‐based Generative Representation of Shapes

This paper introduces a generative model for 3D surfaces based on a representation of shapes with mean curvature and metric, which are invariant under rigid transformation. Hence, compared with existing 3D machine learning frameworks, our model substantially reduces the influence of translation and rotation. In addition, the local structure of shapes will be more precisely captured, since the curvature is explicitly encoded in our model. Specifically, every surface is first conformally mapped to a canonical domain, such as a unit disk or a unit sphere. Then, it is represented by two functions: the mean curvature half‐density and the vertex density, over this canonical domain. Assuming that input shapes follow a certain distribution in a latent space, we use the variational autoencoder to learn the latent space representation. After the learning, we can generate variations of shapes by randomly sampling the distribution in the latent space. Surfaces with triangular meshes can be reconstructed from the generated data by applying isotropic remeshing and spin transformation, which is given by Dirac equation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on datasets of man‐made and biological shapes and compare the results with other methods.     

树的建模技术研究综述与展望

树的建模技术是计算机图形学近年来研究的热点问题之一.侧重从计算机图形学的研究角度,对树的建模技术分别从基于规则的树建模技术、基于草图的树建模技术、基于图像的树建模技术3个方面进行了总结和综述,介绍了近年来提出的典型的树建模方法及最新研究进展,对其中涉及的关键技术进行了总结分析,给出了这些技术的基本思想、局限性和使用范围,并加以分析比较,最后对树的建模技术的未来研究方向给出展望.     

SOA全生命周期建模方法综述

在介绍SOA(面向服务的架构)项目实施过程的基础上,从SOA全生命周期的视角,着重从方法论上对实施SOA项目所涉及到的业务流程建模、服务建模、数据建模、服务集成建模和业务监控建模进行了分析与评述,并提供了一些新的解决思路,同时指出了SOA建模领域的一些研究热点及趋势。