Minimum disruption service composition and recovery in mobile ad hoc networks

The dynamic nature of mobile ad hoc networks poses fundamental challenges to the design of service composition schemes that can satisfy the end-to-end quality of service requirements and minimize the effect of service disruptions caused by dynamic link and node failures. Although existing research on mobile ad hoc networks has focused on improving reliability, little existing work has considered service deliveries spanning multiple components. Moreover, service composition strategies proposed for wireline networks (such as the Internet) are poorly suited for highly dynamic wireless ad hoc networks.This paper proposes a new service composition and recovery framework designed to achieve minimum service disruptions for mobile ad hoc networks. The framework consists of two tiers: service routing, which selects the service components that support the service path, and network routing, which finds the optimal network path that connects these service components. Our framework is based on the disruption index, which is a novel concept that characterizes different service disruption aspects, such as frequency and duration, that are not captured adequately by conventional metrics, such as reliability and availability.Using the definition of disruption index, we formulate the problem of minimum-disruption service composition and recovery (MDSCR) as a dynamic programming problem and analyze the properties of its optimal solution for ad hoc networks with known mobility plan. Based on the derived analytical insights, we present our MDSCR heuristic algorithm for ad hoc networks with uncertain node mobility. This heuristic algorithm approximates the optimal solution with one-step lookahead prediction, where service link lifetime is predicted based on node location and velocity using linear regression. We use simulations to evaluate the results of our algorithm in various network environments. The results validate that our algorithm can achieve better performance than conventional methods.     

带内信令系统实现Ad Hoc网络的邻居预留

提出使用带内信令系统实现跨层的邻居预留机制(NR INSIGNIA),该机制在进行带宽预留时考虑MAC层的信道竞争。节点为某个QoS流预留一定带宽之后,在所有的邻居节点上同时预留等量的带宽,以此来消除信道竞争对带宽预留产生的不利影响。仿真试验对比了没有邻居预留机制的原始INSIGNIA(In band signaling system)系统与NR INSIGNIA系统的性能,结果表明NR INSIGNIA系统可以显著提高QoS流的平均预留包比率、投递率,减少端－端延迟。     

IEEE802网络上综合服务的实现技术

随着Internet上大量实时应用的出现,要求Internet必须在其各个环节上能够同时支持综合服务和提供端到端的服务质量。虽然IEEE802共享和交换的局域网技术被广泛地使用,而且是用户到Internet的重要环节,但是现有的IEEE802网络不支持综合服务,因此有必要使用一些技术来支持端到端的实时服务。该文从在IEEE802网络上支持综合服务的基本体系结构、综合服务到802网络的映射和执行许可控制的子网带宽管理协议三方面论述了如何在802网络上支持综合服务和提供服务质量。     

Access and service convergence over the mobile internet – A survey

Next generation heterogeneous wireless networks are expected to interwork with Internet Protocol (IP)-based infrastructures. Conventional network services operate like silos in that a specific set of services are offered over a specific type of access network. It is desirable for users to be able to roam between fixed and mobile networks that employ different access technologies. Therefore, mobility management with quality of service (QoS) support is of particular importance and one of the driving forces of convergence. Since service providers often provide more than one service to their subscribers, it is important to facilitate convergence of network charging architecture through a common charging framework. One of the main issues of IP-based convergence is security and privacy. This requires coordination of different security policies in diverse networks that have different security levels and capabilities. The business case for migration to an IP-based platform motivates operators to deliver more powerful services for customers as well as a better user experience. This paper provides an overview of converged mobile Internet architectures and their implications on QoS, charging/billing and security, as well as emerging business models for telecommunication services.     

异构网络中信令压缩的应用*

作为标准的信令协议,会话发起协议(session initiation protocol,SIP)可以很好地支持异构网络中的移动性。但是,SIP消息传输过程中带来的高时延会影响VoIP等实时性应用的服务质量。针对这种情况,提出了一个基于信令压缩的异构网络框架,用户在使用SIP消息注册、鉴权时产生的信令消息均被压缩后再进行传输。仿真结果显示,在该框架下信令压缩可以缩短20%的传输时延和节省30%的网络开销。     

Network convergence and QoS for future multimedia services in the VISION project

The emerging use of real-time 3D-based multimedia applications imposes strict quality of service (QoS) requirements on both access and core networks. These requirements and their impact to provide end-to-end 3D videoconferencing services have been studied within the Spanish-funded VISION project, where different scenarios were implemented showing an agile stereoscopic video call that might be offered to the general public in the near future. In view of the requirements, we designed an integrated access and core converged network architecture which provides the requested QoS to end-to-end IP sessions. Novel functional blocks are proposed to control core optical networks, the functionality of the standard ones is redefined, and the signaling improved to better meet the requirements of future multimedia services. An experimental test-bed to assess the feasibility of the solution was also deployed. In such test-bed, set-up and release of end-to-end sessions meeting specific QoS requirements are shown and the impact of QoS degradation in terms of the user perceived quality degradation is quantified. In addition, scalability results show that the proposed signaling architecture is able to cope with large number of requests introducing almost negligible delay.     

Service level agreements for DiffServ-based services' provisioning

The evolution of mechanisms for providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) over the contemporary network infrastructures has introduced the need for regulation and management of the emerging QoS services with the use of Service Level Agreements (SLAs). SLAs define the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the services provided from a network provider to peering networks or customers. In this work, we define a template for the SLA structure to support the provision of a QoS service between two peering domains and then we proceed with the definition of an end-to-end SLA across consecutive domains, based on the bilateral ones. We also propose a model for the service provisioning procedures.     

User authentication and undeniable billing support for agent-based roaming service in WLAN/cellular integrated mobile networks

In this paper, a framework of authentication and undeniable billing support for an agent-based roaming service in WLAN/cellular networks interworking networks is proposed. This framework circumvents the requirement of peer-to-peer roaming agreements to provide seamless roaming service between WLAN hotspots and cellular networks operated by independent wireless network service providers. Within the framework, an adaptive authentication and an event-tracking scheme have been developed, which allow the application of undeniable billing service to cellular network even when it still uses a traditional authentication scheme. The proposed modified dual directional hash chain (MDDHC) based billing support mechanism features mutual non-repudiation. Security analysis and overhead evaluation demonstrate that the proposed framework is secure and efficient.     

Quality-of-service mapping mechanism for packet video indifferentiated services network

This paper presents a futuristic framework for quality-of-service (QoS) mapping between practically categorized packet video and relative differentiated service (DiffServ or DS) network employing unified priority index and adaptive packet forwarding mechanism under a given pricing model (e.g., DiffServ level differentiated price/packet). Video categorization is based on the relative priority index (RPI), which represents the relative preference per each packet in terms of loss and delay. We propose an adaptive packet forwarding mechanism for a DiffServ network to provide persistent service differentiation. Effective QoS mapping is then performed by mapping video packets onto different DiffServ levels based on RPI. To verify the efficiency of proposed strategy, the end-to-end performance is evaluated through an error resilient packet video transmission using ITU-T H.263+ codec over a simulated DiffServ network. Results show that the proposed QoS mapping mechanism can exploit the relative DiffServ advantage and result in the persistent service differentiation among DiffServ levels and the enhanced end-to-end video quality with the same pricing constraint     

A Modular Approach to Mobile QoS Signaling— Motivation,Design & Implementation

In order to support mobile multimedia applications in next generation wireless IP-based networks, it is necessary to deliver seamless voice, video and data at high quality. Therefore, session mobility and Quality of Service (QoS) for mobile end systems are required. Within this article, the authors point out a new way to approach the problem. Instead of tightly coupling a modified QoS signaling mechanism with a certain mobility mechanism, a more generic and long-term solution is proposed and exemplified on the basis of existing IETF protocols. The connection-less IP network layer is enhanced by a lightweight and truly optional connection-oriented mobile network service, which offers the possibility to establish soft state unicast connections at the network layer. Hence, a connection-oriented network service is available within a radio access network (RAN) architecture to all end systems—mobile or fixed—independent of the application. Thereby, it is possible to integrate QoS and connectivity signaling for mobile end systems, as well as other connection-oriented services like explicit routing or load balancing.     

一个基于服务层叠网的分层服务组合框架

随着Internet上Web服务数量的不断增长,这些服务能够互联形成一个应用层的逻辑网络--服务层叠网(service overlay network,简称SON).基于SON,通过服务的组合提供增值服务,是满足用户动态、多变的功能及非功能需求的一种有效的方法.但是,已有基于SON的QoS感知的服务组合研究主要是面向服务间具有简单交互行为的应用领域,难以支持电子商务等具有复杂业务协作特征的应用场景.为此,通过使用业务协议刻画服务间的组合关系,从而构建更具普适性的SON;建立主动服务层叠网(active service overlay network,简称ASON)以实现可编程的服务层叠网,支持按需的服务组合;提出了一个基于主动服务层叠网的分层服务组合框架(hierachical service composition framework based on service overlay networks,简称HOSS),通过将业务协议(而不是消息)作为需求描述的基本单元,提升软件开发效率,并将服务组合需求映射为SON的动态用户视图以实现按需的组合.     

Quality of service provisioning for distributed data center inter-connectivity enabled by network virtualization

Today’s service platform or Cloud service models, such as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), enable customers to deploy and execute applications on an on-demand available infrastructure. Such platforms reduce operational expenses for the service provider and lower the entry barrier for small and medium enterprises. However, current commercial solutions do not provide sufficient quality of service (QoS) guarantees for some applications. For example, they do not support various interactive real-time applications.In this paper, we introduce a way overcome these current Cloud service limitations. We show how to provide and guarantee quality of service requirements for resource networks within an IaaS framework.Our work has focused on methods for network resource management and flow control as well as QoS models. We have developed a framework that enables QoS support for real-time services executing within an IaaS environment.     

Quality of Service Support for Multimedia Applications in Third Generation Mobile Networks Using Adaptive Scheduling

Third generation mobile network will support services such as video-telephony, video-conferencing and other multimedia applications. Therefore, this network must provide quality of service (QoS) to these applications consistent with that offered by fixed networks. However, this is a very challenging task due to the instability of the wireless channel and the diverse quality of service requirements dictated by different multimedia applications. In this paper we introduce a resource allocation algorithm for the wireless downlink that takes into account the wireless channel characteristics, the QoS required by the applications as well as a pricing value function. Our solution is based on an adaptive scheduling algorithm originally developed for scheduling real-time processes during transient surges. This algorithm tends to maximize the wireless network operator profit while satisfying the customers' quality requests.     

Design,implementation and experimental evaluation of an end-to-end vertical handover scheme on NCTUns simulator

This paper presents the simulation study of “Host based autonomous Mobile Address Translation” using NCTUns simulator. It is a network layer, end-to-end vertical handover solution, based upon modification of “Mobile IP with address Translation”. Vertical handover approaches generally require new network elements, a new layer in TCP/IP stack, or fixing a protocol at a particular layer. To enhance handover experience, recent approaches focus on reducing signalling, localizing the registration, creating hierarchies, using proxy, preparing handover in advance, predicting target network, or exploiting multicasting and path extension techniques. These approaches, however, demand change in the network infrastructure to support mobility and limit the scope of mobility. Despite end-to-end signalling, the Host based autonomous Mobile Address Translation scheme ensures minimum service disruption and distinctly allows global mobility of the mobile node without requiring any modification in the network. We have simulated the mobility of a multi-interface mobile node in a heterogeneous network environment composed of WiFi (IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b) and WiMAX (IEEE802.16e) access networks. Performance of the scheme is evaluated taking into account wide range of end-to-end delays between mobile node and the correspondent node, various speeds of the mobile node and different packet loss rates of the network. Based on our detailed simulation study, it has been observed that this scheme offers reduced service disruption time, packet loss and packet latency. The service disruption time is found to be significantly low (typically in the range of 10 ms) compared to that of Mobile IP (which is in the order of 100 ms); this makes this new scheme perfectly suitable for real time applications. Low service disruption time consequently reduces the packet loss by manyfold and the packet latency remains unaffected during and after handover due to translation of address at the source. The results suggest that this protocol is a viable vertical handover solution due to its simplicity, scalability, low overhead and ready deployability.     

Design of Common Resource Management and Network Simulator in Heterogeneous Radio Access Network Environment

By the newly emerging radio access technologies, we face the new heterogeneous network environment. Focusing on the co-existence of multiple access networks and the complex service combinations, the wireless service operators should guarantee good quality of services for every user. Thus, the service operators build a new operation framework which combines the existing networks and newly adopted ones. Our objective is finding the optimal heterogeneous network operation framework. We suggest the market-based marginal cost function for evaluating the relative value of resources for each network and develop a whole new heterogeneous network operation framework. To prove the applicability of the proposed operation framework, we build a large-scale JAVA simulator. We can easily test the various service scenarios in heterogeneous network environment by the simulator.     

Trouble Management for Multimedia Services in Multi-Provider Environments

As telecommunications and computers evolve, multimedia services are being increasingly deployed over a variety of organizational and technology domains. Customer requirements and the competitive market mean that the delivery of multimedia services at a guaranteed level of quality can play a significant role in differentiating between service providers. In order to meet such quality of service requirements, service providers need to be supported by trouble management capabilities suitable for today's heterogeneous environment. This paper presents an integrated network and service trouble management system that has been designed for such an environment within the framework of the European ACTS project FlowThru. The FlowThru Service Quality Assurance System has been developed using TINA and TMN concepts and TeleManagement Forum business processes in order to support service providers with the necessary infrastructure, models and mechanisms for automated end-to-end trouble management in a multi-domain environment.     

A Software Framework for Non-Repudiation Service based on Adaptive~Secure Methodology in Electronic Commerce

In this paper, we propose a secure and efficient software framework for non-repudiation service based on an adaptive secure methodology in e-commerce (electronic commerce). First, we introduce an explicit security framework of the e-commerce transaction called notary service. The proposed framework supports non-repudiation of service for a successful e-commerce transaction in terms of generation, delivery, retrieval, and verification of the evidence for resolving disputes. Second, we propose an adaptive secure methodology to support secure and efficient non-repudiation of service in the proposed framework. Our adaptive secure methodology dynamically adapts security classes based on the nature and sensitivity of interactions among participants. The security classes incorporate security levels of cryptographic techniques with a degree of information sensitivity. As Internet e-businesses exponentially grow, a need for high security level categories to identify a group of connections or individual transactions is manifest. Therefore, development of an efficient and secure methodology is in high demand. We have done extensive experiments on the performance of the proposed adaptive secure methodology. Experimental results show that the adaptive secure methodology provides e-commerce transactions with high quality of security services. Our software framework incorporating the adaptive secure methodology is compared with existing well-known e-commerce frameworks such as SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and SET (Secure Electronic Transaction).     

基于众包感知的OTT业务体验影响因素分析

随着移动互联网和OTT （Over-the-top）业务的高速发展,传统以网络为中心的运维方式难以为继,因此如何提高用户业务体验、变革传统网络质量的评价和优化方法迫在眉睫。本文围绕基于终端侧业务感知大数据进行网络和业务质量评价这一新型网络评价与运维作业模式,首先对影响端到端用户业务感知的因素进行了较全面的剖析;并利用从普通用户终端上采集的现网真实的海量业务感知数据,重点针对网页浏览这一代表性的OTT业务,从多个不同的维度深入研究影响业务感知的关键因素,以及关键业务感知指标间的关联关系,揭示了OTT业务感知的关键影响因素间的内在联系。研究结果对于进一步分析业务感知质差成因、合理构建用户体验质量（Quality of experience,QoE）映射模型等具有很好的参考价值。     

Congestion Adaptive Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobility, channel error, and congestion are the main causes for packet loss in mobile ad hoc networks. Reducing packet loss typically involves congestion control operating on top of a mobility and failure adaptive routing protocol at the network layer. In the current designs, routing is not congestion-adaptive. Routing may let a congestion happen which is detected by congestion control, but dealing with congestion in this reactive manner results in longer delay and unnecessary packet loss and requires significant overhead if a new route is needed. This problem becomes more visible especially in large-scale transmission of heavy traffic such as multimedia data, where congestion is more probable and the negative impact of packet loss on the service quality is of more significance. We argue that routing should not only be aware of, but also be adaptive to, network congestion. Hence, we propose a routing protocol (CRP) with such properties. Our ns-2 simulation results confirm that CRP improves the packet loss rate and end-to-end delay while enjoying significantly smaller protocol overhead and higher energy efficiency as compared to AODV and DSR