结合ICA预处理的麦克风阵列语音增强系统

在强背景噪声和强反射环境中,麦克风阵元接收的信号质量很差,从而影响麦克风阵列语音增强系统的性能.ICA能够仅从现测信号中提取出潜在的独立成分,基于此特性,本文将ICA引入麦克风阵列语音增强系统,利用ICA对麦克风阵元接收信号进行分析,从中提取出较纯净的目标语音作为系统的输入信号.ICA预处理可以有效抑制背景噪声和回声,提高输入信号的质量.真实环境中的实验表明,ICA预处理能够显著改善麦克风阵列语音增强系统的性能.     

基于TMS320DM642麦克风阵列声源定位系统

麦克风声源定位是利用麦克风阵列拾取语音信号,并用数字信号处理技术对其进行分析和处理的声源定位技术.在麦克风阵列声源定位中,语音信号端点的拾取是重要的环节.语音端点检测是对接收到的信号利用端点检测算法分析,以确认麦克风阵列中语音信号到达的端点;并利用麦克风阵列中各麦克风接收到的语音信号的端点的先后,计算出麦克风阵列接收的...     

麦克风阵列语音增强技术及其应用

本文简要叙述了应用麦克风阵列进行语音增强的原理及方法。且由于麦克风阵列在实际语音处理时具有良好的拾取语音能力及噪声鲁棒性,本文将介绍该技术在车载系统环境、机器人语音识别、大型场所的记录会议、助听装置及声源定位等系统中的应用。     

基于麦克风阵列的语音增强技术及应用

用麦克风阵列进行语音处理的方法可以提高信噪比,解决环境噪声、回声和混响引起的语音识别性能降低的问题.介绍基于延迟-累加方法(传统波束法) 、自适应波束法及基于后置自适应滤波等结构的麦克风阵列语音增强的基本原理,总结了各种算法的特点.     

混合语音信号的声源分离

语言通讯是人类最基本的交流通讯手段之一,而作为收集语音的有效工具麦克风,可以录入人类语音信号。笔者研究一种基于麦克风阵列的说话分离技术,利用两个麦克风采集混合声音信号,使之分离出两个声源的语音内容,能够识别语音内容。本设计完成了由两个麦克风收集两段声源的混合声音信号,运用独立成分分析FastICA算法分离两段混合声源信号并可以进行播放,成功识别后以文本形式显示在7英寸的LCD。     

基于麦克风阵列的语音增强系统设计

针对目前在近场语音环境中语音增强系统噪声干扰大、难以清晰还原信号等局限性,设计并实现一种基于麦克风阵列的新型语音增强系统。系统硬件设计新颖,采用低功耗设计,最大支持12路语音信号同时采集,同时对噪声的处理采用自适应差分脉冲编码调制和卡尔曼滤波算法相结合分开处理的新型方式。通过Matlab仿真和封闭近场环境下的实际测试,结果表明该系统性能稳定可靠,可以提高语音清晰度,实现短距离的多路语音增强。     

基于子带广义旁瓣相消器的麦克风阵列语音增强*

为了加快基于广义旁瓣相消器的麦克风阵列语音增强系统的收敛速度,将其自适应模块的输入信号分解到子带以进行处理,并将多通道维纳滤波器引入广义旁瓣相消器的非自适应支路,以更有效地抑制非相干噪声。实际测试结果表明,相对于基于全带广义旁瓣相消器的麦克风阵列语音增强系统,采用该子带广义旁瓣相消器结构的语音增强系统具有更快的收敛速度和更高的输出信噪比。     

移动机器人语音定向算法及其实现

研究在光线比较差或者有障碍物的复杂环境下对感兴趣的声源进行定位,由于存在外部噪声,引起对目标声源进行跟踪误差大。传统的语音定向方法无法有效减小声源定位的误差,从而定向的精度比较低,且多集中在理论研究。为提高移动机器人语音定向的精度,利用麦克风阵列拾取声源信号,采用PC/104的SEM/ADT800多通道数据采集卡对语音信号进行采集和处理。运用改进的广义互相关时延估计算法计算麦克风阵元间的时间差值,采用四元十字阵形的几何定位方法计算声源信号的目标位置和方向,并对系统的定向效果进行实验,得出实验结果,进行误差分析。经实验证明,相对于传统的语音定向方法,麦克风阵列的移动机器人语音定向系统实际可用,具有较好的性能,能够把系统定向误差控制在要求的范围内。     

基于麦克风阵列的真实声场环境声源定位跟踪系统设计

设计制作了基于麦克风阵列的真实声场环境声源定位跟踪系统。该系统基于树莓派4B和Arduno单片机，依托声阵列云台，通过传感器采集声音信号，采用TDOA算法对信号进行处理，集采集、处理、控制于一体，成功实现对目标的定位与跟踪。采用两种独立的信号处理方法：以TDOA算法为主，幅度相位检测为辅，对结果进行验证和自检，形成闭环正反馈，增强了该定位系统的准确性和稳定性。另外，针对声源存在回音、噪声干扰等问题，将麦克风阵列变全向为单向以及引入一个基于相关运算的语音检测算法，提高了定位系统的抗噪声能力。测试表明在声场环境下该系统能够对单个声源的三维空间位置进行实时的定位和跟踪，当声源位置变化时，系统也能较为准确跟踪声源的位置。     

面向多说话人分离的深度学习麦克风阵列语音增强

随着近年来人机语音交互场景不断增加,利用麦克风阵列语音增强提高语音质量成为研究热点之一。与环境噪声不同,多说话人分离场景下干扰说话人语音与目标说话人同为语音信号,呈现类似的时、频特性,对传统麦克风阵列语音增强技术提出更高的挑战。针对多说话人分离场景,基于深度学习网络构建麦阵空间响应代价函数并进行优化,通过深度学习模型训练设计麦克风阵列期望空间传输特性,从而通过改善波束指向性能提高分离效果。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了多说话人分离性能。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。