快速边缘粒子滤波在无序量测问题中的应用

在目标跟踪系统中,因通信延迟会出现传感器量测无序到达融合中心的现象,由此产生无序量测(OOSM)融合问题。针对非线性条件下的OOSM问题,在现有算法的基础上,提出了基于快速边缘粒子滤波(FMPF)的处理算法。新算法在FMPF框架下,结合前向预测滤波思想来处理OOSM问题。将目标运动状态向量分为线性和非线性2个子向量,并分别采用相应的无序处理算法进行估计。算法可以处理单步延迟和多步延迟的情形下的无序问题。最后理论分析和仿真实验表明:新算法能有效处理OOSM问题,且降低了算法的计算复杂度,提高了算法实时性。     

多目标无序量测OOSM-GMPHD滤波算法

针对无序量测条件下多目标跟踪问题,提出了一种适用于线性系统的单步滞后无序量测滤波算法(OOSM-GMPHD).在前向预测框架内,以高斯混合概率假设密度(GMPHD)滤波器为基础滤波算法,对每一高斯分量分别用延迟到达的量测与等价量测进行预测、更新,经剪枝与合并等步骤获得最终的目标数量与状态估计.仿真结果表明:算法可有效消除无序量测的影响,准确估计多目标数目和状态.     

粒子滤波的噪声相关下单步延迟无序量测更新算法

在目标跟踪系统中,因通信延迟等原因会出现传感器量测无序地到达融合中心的现象,将这些量测称为无序量测(OOSM).针对过程噪声、量测噪声相关的非线性系统中出现的无序量测问题,在现有算法基础上,提出了一种可处理单步延迟无序量测的新算法.在前向预测滤波框架下,对系统方程去相关化,并利用粒子滤波(PF)进行状态估计.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

基于IMM多传感器顺序粒子滤波跟踪机动目标算法

针对交互式多模型粒子滤波在跟踪机动目标时精度受限问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型(IMM)的多传感器顺序粒子滤波算法。采用IMM机制实现目标运动模式的确认;在合理利用单传感器量测和多传感器量测中冗余和互补信息的基础上,引入顺序重抽样方法改善粒子分布,并将改善后的粒子应用于IMM粒子滤波算法框架。仿真实验结果表明:新算法能够估计出强机动目标状态,且精度明显优于标准IMM粒子滤波算法。     

Data fusion for target tracking in wireless sensor networks using quantized innovations and Kalman filtering

A novel networked data-fusion method is developed for the target tracking in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, this paper investigates data fusion scheme under the communication constraint between the fusion center and each sensor. Such a message constraint is motivated by the bandwidth limitation of the communication links, fusion center, and by the limited power budget of local sensors. In the proposed scheme, each sensor collects one noise-corrupted sample, performs a quantizing operation, and transmits quantized message to the fusion center. Then the fusion center combines the received quantized messages to produce a final estimate. The novel data-fusion method is based on the quantized measurement innovations and decentralized Kalman filtering (DKF) with feedback. For the proposed algorithm, the performance analysis of the estimation precision is provided. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于伪测量的分布式最优单步延迟航迹融合估计

融合中心如何处理无序局部数据,对分布式多传感器系统的运行品质至关重要．本文将系统中的局部估计转化为伪测量,将分布式融合估计转化为二级集中式融合估计．将所得的伪测量兼分布式融合估计算法与单步延迟的无序测量数据（out-of-sequencemeasurements,OOSM）最优滤波-A1算法进行组合,得出了分布式多传感器系统的最优单步延迟无序航迹（out-of-sequence tacks,OOST）估计算法,适用于航迹无序局部数据融合估计．该算法具有最优估计性能．     

无序量测问题研究综述

无序量测（OoSM）是多传感器融合系统亟需解决的不可回避的问题.在总结相关文献基础上,对OoSM进行了分类,从单步延时OoSM滤波、多步延时OoSM滤波、多个OoSM滤波、非线性非高斯条件OoSM粒子滤波算法、杂波/机动目标条件OoSM跟踪算法等方面,按照由简单到复杂的研究路线综述了国外开展的相关研究,并对未来研究方向进行了探讨与展望.     

非线性粒子滤波目标跟踪应用仿真

针对非线性环境中存在的机动目标跟踪问题,对基于贝叶斯估计的粒子滤波器进行研究,为解决混合退火粒子滤波重要密度函数构造的问题,在混合退火粒子滤波的基础上,通过对系统状态和观测粒子方差的研究,提出了非线性环境下动态退火参数粒子滤波的改进算法,在混合退火粒子滤波中引入动态退火参数来构造高效的重要密度函数,提高了混合退火粒子滤波的跟踪精度,应用该滤波方法对机动目标模型进行仿真,并对多种滤波跟踪算法进行性能测试和比较,仿真实验结果表明,在非线性环境下该粒子滤波方法可行有效.     

基于UT变换的单步滞后无序量测算法

针对滞后无序量测((OOSM)的单步滞后滤波问题,在现有算法的基础上,推导非线性单步滞后无序量测更新方程.提出用UT变换来计算其中涉及到的状态向量以及相关量测之间的协方差,从而有效解决了状态转移方程为线性而量测方程为非线性的非线性Gauss系统的单步滞后OOSM问题.然后,针对多传感器单步滞后OOSM情况,给出了基于U...     

Single-step-lag OOSM algorithm based on unscented transformation

Aiming at the out-of-sequence measurement (OOSM) problem, the update equations of the nonlinear single-step-lag OOSM are derived based on the existing methods. By introducing the unscented transformation (UT), the covariance between state vector and corresponding measurement vector are computed such that the single-step-lag OOSM can be effectively solved under the nonlinear Gaussian system with nonlinear measurement equation and linear dynamic equation. Furthermore, a single-step-lag OOSM fusion algorithm b...     

多传感器跟踪系统自适应Kalman滤波融合

多传感器目标跟踪的一个实际问题是如何获得目标的过程噪声信息,以获得较好的跟踪性能。针对多传感器分布式估计融合系统,利用这种自适应技术给出了一种自适应Kalman滤波的融合方法,它具有与中心式相近的跟踪性能。计算机模拟结果表明：这种方法具有较优良的性能。     

高超声速强机动目标改进IMM-CKF跟踪算法

高超声速强机动目标的运动具有复杂性、突变性和强非线性特点,针对单模型算法难以实现对此类目标的精确跟踪,提出一种改进的交互多模型(IMM)算法,克服了单模型算法跟踪强机动目标的缺陷和标准IMM算法对似然函数计算不准确的问题,实现了不同子模型之间的变维交互;采用容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)算法实现了雷达观测数据与目标状态量之间的高精度非线性转换.仿真结果表明:改进的IMM算法相比单模型算法和标准的IMM-CKF算法,明显提高了高超声速强机动目标的跟踪精度.     

改进粒子滤波的无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法

针对粒子滤波(PF)重采样后造成的粒子枯竭现象的问题,提出了一种基于改进重采样的粒子滤波无线传感器网络目标跟踪算法.该算法避免了残差重采样算法中的残留粒子重采样问题,减少了计算时间;通过产生新的粒子,增加了粒子的多样性,从而改善了粒子枯竭现象.仿真实验结果表明:改进重采样的粒子滤波算法提高了目标跟踪精度,降低了跟踪误差.     

基于UPF的小目标检测前跟踪算法

为提高对复杂环境下小目标的联合检测和跟踪性能,提出了一种基于粒子滤波的小目标先跟踪后检测(TBD)算法.通过粒子滤波对小目标的运动状态和出现状态进行联合采样,并采用Unscented粒子滤波(UPF)方法对TBD算法进行了具体实现.新算法真正将跟踪思想引入到目标检测中去,对小目标的联合检测与跟踪具有灵敏度高,捕获概率和跟踪性能高,对采样粒子数要求低等优点,能有效增强红外搜索与跟踪系统的"边检测边跟踪"能力.     

Performance bounds of extended target tracking in cluttered environments

In this paper, we consider the problem of the performance bound of a nonlinear filtering problem corresponding to tracking an extended target in cluttered environments (i.e., with false alarms and missed detections). The high resolution sensor obtains the measurements of the position and the extent of the extended target whose shape is modeled by an ellipse. The posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) provides a useful tool to evaluate the best achievable performance of the nonlinear filtering problem. The bounds of the traditional kinematic state estimation are calculated using the point and the extended target model. It is shown in this paper that the bound of extended target tracking is smaller than that of point model because more information is utilized. The bounds are calculated to examine the influence of the measuring accuracy, the geometry between the sensor and the target, the prior knowledge of the target, and the environmental circumstance. In a cluttered environment, the PCRLB is calculated by IRF (information reduction factor), MSC (measurement sequence conditioning), and MESC (measurement existence sequence conditioning) approaches. The simulation results also illustrate the relationship of the three methods.     

Local node selection for target tracking based on underwater wireless sensor networks

Traditional sonar-array-based target tracking algorithms may be unsuitable for on-demand tracking missions, since they assume that the sonar arrays should be towed or mounted by a submarine or a ship. Alternatively, underwater wireless sensor networks can offer a promising solution approach. First, each underwater node is battery-powered, so saving energy expenditure is a critical issue. Instead of keeping all sensor nodes active, this paper provides a local node selection (LNS) scheme which increases energy efficiency by waking up only a small part of nodes at each time. Second, considering node's limited computing ability and the real-time requirement for the tracking algorithm, instead of employing the centralised fusion structure, we utilise the distributed Kalman filtering fusion with feedback in this paper. Finally, instead of assuming one sensor node can uniquely determine target's location, a more practical range-only measurement model is proposed. Then the LNS scheme and distributed fusion with feedback are extended to our range-only measurement model. The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our scheme.     

视频目标跟踪综述

研究近年来主流的目标跟踪算法。通过文献阅读和归纳对比,分析了使用生成式模型和判别式模型的目标跟踪算法。结果显示,对于存在复杂干扰因素的场景,采用第二类模型的目标跟踪算法的跟踪效果更好。文章为视频跟踪领域的研究者们提供了一个关于目标跟踪算法的客观分析。     

基于时空特征的实时相关滤波目标跟踪

提出一种基于时空信息的相关滤波实时目标跟踪算法,以解决纹理改变、光照变化、旋转变形甚至遮挡情况下目标跟踪效率问题.此算法考虑到目标定位过程中,目标与其周围信息存在空域上的相关性,来构建目标空域滤波模型,并且该算法引入时间变量来在线更新得到时空域滤波模型,利用相邻帧信息相似性来降低遮挡对跟踪的影响.通过实验对比,验证了当目标受到非理想因素干扰时,所提算法具有健壮的鲁棒性和良好实时性.     

基于无线传感器网络的战场目标跟踪

基于无线传感器网络,对目标定位跟踪应用进行了研究。在对目标定位跟踪时,如何既保证跟踪精度又能有效降低能量消耗,针对这个问题,提出了一种简便的加权坐标质心定位方法,通过对目标的定位,给出了一种基于测量信息的跟踪方法,方法实现简单。性能分析表明:提出的定位跟踪方法能有效地降低能量消耗,延长节点和网络寿命,基本可以满足战场目标跟踪需求。