同步精度稳定的多跳无线传感器网络时间同步算法

对无线传感器网络时间同步精度稳定性进行了研究，给出了OTSP算法中影响多跳同步精度的因素，在此基础上提出了一种新的同步精度稳定的算法。该算法估算出了不同节点间的晶振频率偏差，并使得多跳网络中的每个节点都能精确地同步到时间基准节点。实验结果证明该算法在同步精度的稳定性方面优于OTSP算法。     

基于变长帧的无线传感器网络时间同步算法

为降低无线传感器网络同步过程中的能量消耗,加快实现全网络时间同步的收敛速度,提出基于变长帧的时间同步算法。利用精短同步帧结构对时间信息进行压缩,采用短帧、完整帧交替转发保证同步精度,使被同步节点自主判断接收信息的完整性,并通过请求重传机制应对同步过程中的完整帧丢失问题。分析结果表明,实现全网同步的收敛时间与同步开销成正比,变长帧时间同步算法通过去除同步时间数据中的冗余信息,可有效缩短该收敛时间。传感器节点同步实验结果表明,该算法适用于多种时间同步模型,在保证传感网同步精准度的前提下,可减少同步数据通信量,提升能量效率。     

无线Mesh网GPS同步技术的研究

研究了时分、空分的无线Mesh网中通信节点之间的时隙同步问题的解决方案.传统的无线Mesh解决方案中使用全向天线加异步竞争信道的模式,节点之间的干扰随着网络规模的扩大而加剧,严重影响了通信效率.同步无现Mesh网引入时分和空分的机制,使通信节点在其预先分配到的时隙和对应方向的天线上进行通信,克服了全向、异步模式中的弊端,大大提高了通信效率.研究分析了同步Mesh网较异步Mesh网点优势和特点,以及同步精度对同步Mesh网性能的重要影响.设计并实现一种基于GPS秒脉冲的时隙同步算法,并在CPLD平台上实现该算法.     

基于频率校正的触发型传感器网络同步算法

通过对现有时钟同步算法的分析,为消除触发型同步算法中时钟频率偏差对同步误差的影响,提出一种基于频率校正的触发型传感器网络同步算法。该算法中基站监测事件发生时,相关传感器节点通过线性回归计算时钟晶振频率偏差,通过同步信令的交互,估算往返时延和时间差值。仿真结果表明,该算法能达到良好的同步精度。     

无线传感器网络中同步补偿机制的研究与应用

在由事件触发、部分节点同步的无线传感器网络应用中,传统时间同步算法周期性全网同步存在不必要的能耗问题。通过分析现有的时间同步机制,提出一种基于事件触发的时间同步补偿算法,该算法通过分别统计出沿途的累计处理时延并补偿传输延时的方式实现部分节点同步。实验结果表明,在兴趣节点数量较少和事件发生频率较低的情况下该算法具有良好的同步效果和节能性。     

受限网络中基于转发历史异步路由及中继数量研究

由于节点的移动性、稀疏链路和节点的不可靠,受限网络节点之间在大部分时间处于断开状态,现有的同步路由方法不能适用这种实际情况,所以必须从异步角度来考虑这类网络环境下的路由问题.文章完全从异步的角度思考无线自组织网中的路由问题,利用分组转发的历史信息智能做出路由决策,并研究中继节点数量对性能的影响,以减少由于复制大量分组而产生的网络流量.文章详细介绍了作者提出的方法,并通过仿真实验和一些相关算法进行比较,分析算法性能.     

线型无线传感器网络中的节点调度算法

线型无线传感器网络是一种较为特殊的无线传感器网络类型,其传感器节点的分布区域接近线型区域。在满足监控性能的要求下,通过调度节点,让部分节点工作,其余节点休眠,可有效延长系统生命期。现有的调度算法在线型无线传感器网络下的性能不是很好,针对线型无线传感器网络的特点,提出了异步调度算法和同步调度算法。仿真实验表明,同步调度算法得到的覆盖集的大小为异步调度算法的76%左右,平均覆盖度接近理想最优情况。     

频率互异多相位粒度线性脉冲耦合WSN时间同步模型

摘 要：针对无线传感器网络在运行过程中，传感器节点晶振频率的一致性难以保证而影响时间同步的问题，本文提出一种基于频率互异的多相位粒度线性脉冲耦合无线传感器时间同步模型。首先基于萤火虫同步机制，在无线传感器网络中采用去中心化的脉冲激励耦合方式，考虑每一个节点可能存在频率的差异，构建出表征不同振荡频率的动态方程。其次对两个振荡器和多振荡器系统进行数学分析，跟踪同步演进过程得出同步条件。最后通过仿真实验，验证了本文模型在节点频率不一致的无线传感器网络中能够实现稳定的同步状态，并且较未考虑频率变化的线性脉冲耦合振荡器同步模型具有更快的同步收敛速度。     

基于卡尔曼一致滤波器的WSN时间同步算法

提出一种基于分布式卡尔曼一致滤波器的无线传感器网络时间同步算法.该算法不需要将网络分层,每个节点都和它的相邻节点交换时间消息,通过分布式卡尔曼一致滤波器估计本节点的时钟偏移和频率偏移,使得全网所有节点的虚拟全局时钟逐渐收敛一致.仿真实验表明,提出的算法在多跳网络中误差累积较小,具有较高的同步精度,同时对存在节点失效或新节点加入的动态网络具有良好的可扩展性.     

基于卡尔曼滤波估计的一致性时钟同步算法

针对无线传感器网络（WSN）的众多应用都需要依赖时钟同步的节点协同完成,而由于节点的晶体震荡器受自身以及外界环境的影响,使得节点时钟偏斜和时钟偏移两个参数发生变化导致时钟不同步问题,提出了基于分布式卡尔曼滤波估计的一致性补偿时钟同步算法DKFCC。该算法首先利用双向信息交换机制以及分布式卡尔曼滤波实现时钟偏斜和偏移两个参数的最优估计,然后基于时钟参数的最优估计值采用一致性补偿方法实现节点的时钟同步。实验结果表明：在100个节点随机部署的WSN中,采用虚拟全局一致性方式的DKFCC同步算法比异步一致性同步（AC）算法的同步均方根误差（SRAMSE）值降低了约95%,具有较高的同步精度;同时,所提出算法从时钟参数层面实现同步,无需频繁地进行时钟同步操作,相比AC算法更节能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate