覆盖粗糙近似的一致性研究

经典粗糙集理论知识的表现形式为论域上的划分,覆盖是比划分更一般的知识表现形式。为了扩展粗糙集理论的应用领域,有必要将粗糙集理论扩展到覆盖近似空间。覆盖近似空间下的概念近似是基于覆盖近似空间知识获取的关键。针对精确概念和模糊概念,研究者定义了不同的近似方法。通过对当前的近似算子进行研究,发现了它们的不一致,并从两个角度对近似算子的定义进行了修正,从而使得它们分别与原有的算子保持一致。所得结论为覆盖近似空间下的概念近似提供了新的研究途径。     

覆盖粗糙集的依赖上近似

覆盖粗糙集是经典粗糙集的推广,从不同的角度研究覆盖粗糙上近似,就有不同的上近似定义方法。本文将同一覆盖元中的元素理解为相关,从元素相关性角度研究覆盖粗糙集上近似,从点与集合的依赖关系入手,提出覆盖粗糙集阶的概念及覆盖粗糙集依赖上近似的概念,并对覆盖粗糙集的依赖上近似进行分析。从覆盖意义上说,相对于其它上近似,依赖上近似具有覆盖元数量较少的特点,而且具有上近似可定义的特点。     

基于覆盖的直觉模糊粗糙集

通过直觉模糊覆盖概念将覆盖粗糙集模型进行推广,提出一种基于直觉模糊覆盖的直觉模糊粗糙集模型.首先,介绍了直觉模糊集、直觉模糊覆盖和直觉模糊逻辑算子等概念;然后,利用直觉模糊三角模和直觉模糊蕴涵,构建两对基于直觉模糊覆盖的下直觉模糊粗糙近似算子和上直觉模糊粗糙近似算子;最后,给出了这些算子的基本性质并研究了它们之间的对偶性.     

拟阵下的覆盖模糊粗糙集

拟阵是一种图和矩阵的同时推广的概念,而覆盖粗糙集是经典粗糙集的推广。利用拟阵理论研究覆盖模糊粗糙集,从而将两者进行了融合,提出了拟阵覆盖模糊粗糙集的概念,定义了拟阵覆盖近似空间的上下近似。分析了拟阵覆盖模糊粗糙集的相关性质,定义了拟阵覆盖粗糙集下的粗糙度,并通过它来衡量不确定程度,这也进一步推广了粗糙度。     

变精度覆盖近似算子与覆盖近似算子的关系

变精度覆盖粗糙集模型是在放宽了覆盖标准的前提下给出的,因而导致近似算子发生了变化,但其变化有一定的规律。在介绍了覆盖粗糙集模型和变精度覆盖粗糙集模型的概念的基础上,给出并证明了变精度覆盖粗糙近似算子与覆盖粗糙近似算子之间的关系,即定理1、定理2及其推论。     

一种覆盖粗糙模糊集模型

粗糙集扩展模型的研究是粗糙集理论研究的一个重要问题.其中,基于覆盖的粗糙集模型扩展是粗糙集扩展模型中的重要一类.覆盖近似空间中的概念近似是从覆盖近似空间中获取知识的关键.目前,研究者对覆盖近似空间中经典集合的近似进行了较多的研究.针对覆盖近似空间中模糊集合的近似,虽然不同的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型被提了出来,但它们都存在不合理性.从规则的置信度出发,提出了一种新的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型.该模型修正了已有模型中存在对象在下近似中不确定可分和上近似中不近似可分的问题.分析了具有偏序关系的两个覆盖近似空间中上、下近似之间的关系,发现两个不同覆盖生成相同覆盖粗糙模糊集的充要条件是这两个覆盖的约简恒等.分析了新模型与Wei模型、Xu模型之间的关系,发现这两种模型是新模型的两种极端情况,且其应用前提是覆盖为一元覆盖.这些结论将为覆盖粗糙模糊集模型应用于决策为模糊的情形提供理论基础.     

变精度模糊粗糙集的一种定义

模糊粗糙集模型同经典粗糙集模型类似,容易受到噪音数据的影响.针对该问题,受变精度粗糙集模型的启发,提出了变精度模糊粗糙集的概念.针对现有变精度模糊粗糙集模型尚不能满足一些基本性质的缺陷,重新定义了模糊近似空间中某一模糊集的β-下近似和β-上近似,该定义方式能够满足上述的基本性质.     

一种覆盖粗糙模糊集模型

粗糙集扩展模型的研究是粗糙集理论研究的一个重要问题.其中,基于覆盖的粗糙集模型扩展是粗糙集 扩展模型中的重要一类.覆盖近似空间中的概念近似是从覆盖近似空间中获取知识的关键.目前,研究者对覆盖近似空间中经典集合的近似进行了较多的研究.针对覆盖近似空间中模糊集合的近似,虽然不同的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型 被提了出来,但它们都存在不合理性.从规则的置信度出发,提出了一种新的覆盖粗糙模糊集模型.该模型修正了已 有模型中存在对象在下近似中不确定可分和上近似中不近似可分的问题.分析了具有偏序关系的两个覆盖近似空 间中上、下近似之间的关系,发现两个不同覆盖生成相同覆盖粗糙模糊集的充要条件是这两个覆盖的约简恒等.分 析了新模型与Wei 模型、Xu 模型之间的关系,发现这两种模型是新模型的两种极端情况,且其应用前提是覆盖为一 元覆盖.这些结论将为覆盖粗糙模糊集模型应用于决策为模糊的情形提供理论基础.     

基于θ算子的变精度直觉模糊粗糙集*

在模糊近似空间中,结合直觉模糊集的隶属度、非隶属度与模糊蕴涵算子,提出基于θ算子和θ^算子的直觉模糊集及其隶属度和非隶属度的概念,并证明它们一系列性质.然后,结合直觉模糊集与变精度粗糙集,定义基于θ算子的变精度直觉模糊粗糙集,提出求解变精度粗糙集阈值参数β的方法,使用算例分析该方法.     

可调节模糊粗糙集:模型与属性约简

模糊粗糙集是经典粗糙集为适应实际应用需求所进行的拓展,然而目前很多的模糊粗糙集模型都仅仅使用多个二元关系的简单融合方式,不具备调节功能。为解决这一问题,使用参数化的二元算子,提出了一种可调节的模糊粗糙集模型。在此基础上,将近似质量作为度量标准,使用启发式算法来求解可调节模糊粗糙集的约简。最后对可调节模糊粗糙集的近似质量和约简与强模糊粗糙集、弱模糊粗糙集的结果进行了比较分析。实验结果表明,可调节模糊粗糙集通过使用不同的参数,具有很好的调节作用,是强模糊粗糙集和弱模糊粗糙集的一种泛化形式。     

覆盖多粒度梯形模糊数决策理论粗糙集模型

作为经典Pawlak粗糙集模型的推广,基于论域上的等价关系,针对风险决策分类问题,多粒度粗糙集已有研究。其特点是在力争决策的期望损失（亦称决策的条件风险）最小的条件下,比较客观地确定对象分类区域的概率描述临界值,进而进行对象的最佳分类决策。然而,在实际应用中论域上的等价关系很难把握,况且特征状态的风险损失往往带有某种不确定性。凡此,无疑在一定程度上限制了多粒度决策理论粗糙集的应用。对此进行了研究：提出了覆盖多粒度梯形模糊数决策理论粗糙集模型,分别就平均、乐观和悲观的情形进行了讨论和刻划;得到了覆盖多粒度梯形模糊数决策理论粗糙集与已有相关模型之间的关系;结果和算例表明了模型的广泛性。     

On axiomatic characterizations of three pairs of covering based approximation operators

Rough set theory is a useful tool for dealing with inexact, uncertain or vague knowledge in information systems. The classical rough set theory is based on equivalence relations and has been extended to covering based generalized rough set theory. This paper investigates three types of covering generalized rough sets within an axiomatic approach. Concepts and basic properties of each type of covering based approximation operators are first reviewed. Axiomatic systems of the covering based approximation operators are then established. The independence of axiom set for characterizing each type of covering based approximation operators is also examined. As a result, two open problems about axiomatic characterizations of covering based approximation operators proposed by Zhu and Wang in (IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 19(8) (2007) 1131-1144, Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems, 2006, pp. 444-449) are solved.     

Approximations and reducts with covering generalized rough sets

The covering generalized rough sets are an improvement of traditional rough set model to deal with more complex practical problems which the traditional one cannot handle. It is well known that any generalization of traditional rough set theory should first have practical applied background and two important theoretical issues must be addressed. The first one is to present reasonable definitions of set approximations, and the second one is to develop reasonable algorithms for attributes reduct. The existing covering generalized rough sets, however, mainly pay attention to constructing approximation operators. The ideas of constructing lower approximations are similar but the ideas of constructing upper approximations are different and they all seem to be unreasonable. Furthermore, less effort has been put on the discussion of the applied background and the attributes reduct of covering generalized rough sets. In this paper we concentrate our discussion on the above two issues. We first discuss the applied background of covering generalized rough sets by proposing three kinds of datasets which the traditional rough sets cannot handle and improve the definition of upper approximation for covering generalized rough sets to make it more reasonable than the existing ones. Then we study the attributes reduct with covering generalized rough sets and present an algorithm by using discernibility matrix to compute all the attributes reducts with covering generalized rough sets. With these discussions we can set up a basic foundation of the covering generalized rough set theory and broaden its applications.     

复合覆盖粗糙集模型及其应用

针对覆盖粗糙集仅适用于单一数据类型的论域覆盖的问题,提出复合覆盖粗糙集模型。在研究邻域覆盖粗糙集、集值覆盖粗糙集、区间值覆盖粗糙集的基础上,在复合数据模型下,通过建立多种覆盖关系（邻域覆盖、集值覆盖、区间值覆盖等）,提出复合覆盖粗糙集模型,并给出复合覆盖粗糙集相关概念及性质。该模型适用于多种数据类型（符号数据、区间数据、集合数据、数值数据等）的论域覆盖问题,通过实例说明了该模型在复合信息系统中的应用,进一步加深对复合覆盖粗糙集相关概念的理解。     

On minimization of axiom sets characterizing covering-based approximation operators

Rough set theory was proposed by Pawlak to deal with the vagueness and granularity in information systems. The classical relation-based Pawlak rough set theory has been extended to covering-based generalized rough set theory. The rough set axiom system is the foundation of the covering-based generalized rough set theory, because the axiomatic characterizations of covering-based approximation operators guarantee the existence of coverings reproducing the operators. In this paper, the equivalent characterizations for the independent axiom sets of four types of covering-based generalized rough sets are investigated, and more refined axiom sets are presented.     

On generalized intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators

In rough set theory, the lower and upper approximation operators defined by binary relations satisfy many interesting properties. Various generalizations of Pawlak’s rough approximations have been made in the literature over the years. This paper proposes a general framework for the study of relation-based intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators within which both constructive and axiomatic approaches are used. In the constructive approach, a pair of lower and upper intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators induced from an arbitrary intuitionistic fuzzy relation are defined. Basic properties of the intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are then examined. By introducing cut sets of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, classical representations of intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are presented. The connections between special intuitionistic fuzzy relations and intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are further established. Finally, an operator-oriented characterization of intuitionistic fuzzy rough sets is proposed, that is, intuitionistic fuzzy rough approximation operators are defined by axioms. Different axiom sets of lower and upper intuitionistic fuzzy set-theoretic operators guarantee the existence of different types of intuitionistic fuzzy relations which produce the same operators.     

The further investigation of covering-based rough sets: Uncertainty characterization, similarity measure and generalized models

The notion of rough sets was originally proposed by Pawlak. In Pawlak’s rough set theory, the equivalence relation or partition plays an important role. However, the equivalence relation or partition is restrictive for many applications because it can only deal with complete information systems. This limits the theory’s application to a certain extent. Therefore covering-based rough sets are derived by replacing the partitions of a universe with its coverings. This paper focuses on the further investigation of covering-based rough sets. Firstly, we discuss the uncertainty of covering in the covering approximation space, and show that it can be characterized by rough entropy and the granulation of covering. Secondly, since it is necessary to measure the similarity between covering rough sets in practical applications such as pattern recognition, image processing and fuzzy reasoning, we present an approach which measures these similarities using a triangular norm. We show that in a covering approximation space, a triangular norm can induce an inclusion degree, and that the similarity measure between covering rough sets can be given according to this triangular norm and inclusion degree. Thirdly, two generalized covering-based rough set models are proposed, and we employ practical examples to illustrate their applications. Finally, relationships between the proposed covering-based rough set models and the existing rough set models are also made.     

变精度软粗糙集

从集合间的包含程度出发,构造了一种基于包含度的变精度软粗糙集模型。提出带参数的变精度近似算子的定义,得到了它的基本性质和定理,并给出了证明;定义了双精度软粗糙集的近似算子,研究了其性质;讨论了该模型与其他粗糙集模型的关系以及退化条件;举例说明了在信息处理中的应用。     

粗糙模糊集的构造与公理化方法

用构造性方法和公理化研究了粗糙模糊集．由一个一般的二元经典关系出发构造性地定义了一对对偶的粗糙模糊近似算子，讨论了粗糙模糊近似算子的性质，并且由各种类型的二元关系通过构造得到了各种类型的粗糙模糊集代数．在公理化方法中，用公理形式定义了粗糙模糊近似算子，各种类型的粗糙模糊集代数可以被各种不同的公理集所刻画．阐明了近似算子的公理集可以保证找到相应的二元经典关系，使得由关系通过构造性方法定义的粗糙模糊近似算子恰好就是用公理化定义的近似算子。