多维度特征的用户查询意图自动分类

为了提高搜索引擎查询结果的质量,越来越关注于对用户提交的网络查询意图的识别。基于查询session对用户提交的查询进行多维度特征提取,尽量能全面系统地描述查询分类特征,并使用SVM进行分类。实验结果表明通过结合查询的多个特征有助于识别查询意图,在人工标注的测试集中对查询意图分类的正确率达到80%。     

查询日志中查询意图的自动识别

针对用户对搜索引擎查询结果满意度不高的问题,提出一种基于用户行为分析的查询意图识别方法来提高搜索引擎查询质量。将查询意图识别视为一个分类问题,分析搜狗查询日志发现:信息事务类查询串点击的不同页面数较多,分布呈现多极值性;导航类查询串点击的不同页面数较少,分布呈现单极值性;导航类查询结果中,子页面噪声对查询分类结果产生严重干扰。根据以上特点,提出"不同页面点击数"、"点击分布值"和"异源页面点击数"三个特征,并结合前人研究,利用C4.5算法训练分类器,进行查询意图识别。实验结果中查询分类的整体正确率达到90%,与Baseline相比,提高了8.5%。结果表明,该方法对识别用户查询意图是有效的。     

基于决策树和链接相似的Deep Web查询接口判定*

针对现有Deep Web查询接口判定方法误判较多、无法有效区分搜索引擎类接口的不足,提出了基于决策树和链接相似的Deep Web查询接口判定方法。该方法利用信息增益率选取重要属性,并构建决策树对接口表单进行预判定,识别特征较为明显的接口;然后利用基于链接相似的判定方法对未识别出的接口进行二次判定,准确识别真正查询接口,排除搜索引擎类接口。结果表明,该方法能有效区分搜索引擎类接口,提高了分类的准确率和查全率。     

基于用户查询意图识别的Web搜索优化模型

在对用户查询意图进行分析分类的基础上,提出了一种Web搜索优化模型。该模型通过识别用户查询意图来查询意图特征词和内容主题词的双重约束,再结合用户查询行为获得查询目标,既保证了用户查询意图的准确匹配,又自动过滤和屏蔽了不相关信息。与相关工作对比,其重点在于准确获取用户查询意图,提高用户满意度。实验结果表明,该模型在实现信息搜索准确性和用户对查询结果满意度方面比传统搜索方法有明显改善。     

Deep Web查询接口的自动判定

传统搜索引擎仅可以索引浅层Web页面,然而在网络深处隐含着大量、高质量的信息,传统搜索引擎由于技术原因不能索引这些被称之为Deep Web的页面。由于查询接口是Deep Web的唯一入口,因此要获取Deep Web信息就需判定哪些网页表单是Deep Web查询接口。文中介绍了一种利用朴素贝叶斯分类算法自动判定网页表单是否为Deep Web查询接口的方法,并实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Deep Web查询接口的自动判定

传统搜索引擎仅可以索引浅层Web页面．然而在网络深处隐含着大量、高质量的信息，传统搜索引擎由于技术原因不能索引这些被称之为Deep Web的页面。由于查询接口是Deep Web的唯一入口，因此要获取Deep Web信息就需判定哪些网页表单是Deep Web查询接口。文中介绍了一种利用朴素贝叶斯分类算法自动判定网页表单是否为Deep Web查询接口的方法，并实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

从Web中获取部分整体关系

随着互联网的迅速发展,Web逐步成为知识获取的重要资源。部分整体关系获取是知识获取中的重要组成部分。该文提出了一种利用搜索引擎从Web中获取部分整体关系的方法。首先构造一种基于部分整体关系分类的意图查询,利用意图查询可以有针对性地从Web中获取尽可能多的包含部分整体关系语料。然后根据网页中的HTML标记和意图查询的格式过滤语料,并从中抽取候选部分整体关系,最后基于部分整体关系在自然语言表述中的特点和汉语的构词规律,提出用于验证候选部分整体关系的度量标准。实验结果表明,该方法取得了较高的准确率和F值。在前20个结果中准确率为86%,最优F值为64%。     

Deep Web查询接口的判定技术研究

互联网的飞速发展,给人类带来了海量的可供访问信息,但是,现今搜索引擎索引的绝大部分是表层Surface Web网的信息,限于一些技术原因,搜索引擎几乎无法索引到Deep Web网中的信息。由于查询接口是Deep Web的唯一入口,但并非所有的网页表单都是查询接口,为了能充分利用Deep Web后台数据库信息,首先要找到进入Deep Web后台数据库的入口,所以对查询接口的正确判定至关重要。文中介绍了利用决策树CA．5分类算法自动判定网页表单是否为Deep Web查询接口的方法。     

Deep Web数据源聚类与分类

随着Internet信息的迅速增长,许多Web信息已经被各种各样的可搜索在线数据库所深化,并被隐藏在Web查询接口下面.传统的搜索引擎由于技术原因不能索引这些信息--Deep Web信息.本文分析了Deep Web查询接口的各种类型,研究了基于查询接口特征的数据源聚类方法和基于聚类结果的数据源分类方法,讨论了从基于规则与线性文档分类器中抽取查询探测集的规则抽取算法和Web文档数据库分类的查询探测算法.     

基于超链接引导和链接图分析的主题搜索引擎

主题搜索引擎是专为查询某一学科或主题信息而出现的查询工具。针对目前各种主题搜索引擎在主题搜索上的优缺点,提出将基于文字内容启发的超链接引导技术与基于Web链接图的PageRank算法相结合的IPageRank？IND算法,以提高链接相关度判断的准确性和主题资源搜索的覆盖率,并将网页按照VSM算法进行内容相关度判断和自动分类,从而提高检索效率。最后构建一个搜索引擎进行实验,通过比较该算法与其他几种算法的实验结果,能够看到IPageRank-IND算法的优势是明显的。     

基于用户行为的长查询用户满意度分析

搜索引擎性能评估是信息检索界一个重要课题.长查询具有较为丰富的信息内容,能更加准确地描述用户的信息需求.在此基础上文中提出长查询用户满意度分析的整体框架,定义用户满意度的概念,并在用户日志中提取相关用户行为特征,应用决策树和SVM两种分类算法评测用户满意度.在大规模商业搜索引擎日志上完成的实验结果证明了这套评价体系的有效性.结果表明,用户对于查询满意和不满意的分类准确率分别达到86％和70％.     

Regularized query classification using search click information

Hundreds of millions of users each day submit queries to the Web search engine. The user queries are typically very short which makes query understanding a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for query representation and classification. By submitting the query to a web search engine, the query can be represented as a set of terms found on the web pages returned by search engine. In this way, each query can be considered as a point in high-dimensional space and standard classification algorithms such as regression can be applied. However, traditional regression is too flexible in situations with large numbers of highly correlated predictor variables. It may suffer from the overfitting problem. By using search click information, the semantic relationship between queries can be incorporated into the learning system as a regularizer. Specifically, from all the functions which minimize the empirical loss on the labeled queries, we select the one which best preserves the semantic relationship between queries. We present experimental evidence suggesting that the regularized regression algorithm is able to use search click information effectively for query classification.     

基于用户意图识别的查询推荐研究

信息检索的效果很大程度上取决于用户能否输入恰当的查询来描述自身信息需求。很多查询通常简短而模糊,甚至包含噪音。查询推荐技术可以帮助用户提炼查询、准确描述信息需求。为了获得高质量的查询推荐,在大规模“查询-链接”二部图上采用随机漫步方法产生候选集合。利用摘要点击信息对候选列表进行重排序,使得体现用户意图的查询排在比较高的位置。最终采用基于学习的算法对推荐查询中可能存在的噪声进行过滤。基于真实用户行为数据的实验表明该方法取得了较好的效果。     

Strategy for mining association rules for web pages based on formal concept analysis

To avoid returning irrelevant web pages for search engine results, technologies that match user queries to web pages have been widely developed. In this study, web pages for search engine results are classified as low-adjacence (each web page includes all query keywords) or high-adjacence (each web page includes some of the query keywords) sets. To match user queries with web pages using formal concept analysis (FCA), a concept lattice of the low-adjacence set is defined and the non-redundancy association rules defined by Zaki for the concept lattice are extended. OR- and AND-RULEs between non-query and query keywords are proposed and an algorithm and mining method for these rules are proposed for the concept lattice. The time complexity of the algorithm is polynomial. An example illustrates the basic steps of the algorithm. Experimental and real application results demonstrate that the algorithm is effective.     

Finding similar queries based on query representation analysis

In order to understand user intents behind their queries, many researchers study similar query finding. Recently, the click graph has shown its utility in describing the relationship between queries and URLs. The previous approaches mainly either generate related terms or find relevant queries based on the co-clicked URLs. However, these approaches may suffer from the complexity of natural language processing and click-through data sparseness. In this paper, we tackle this problem through three query probability distribution representation models: Click Model, Term Model, and Semantic Model. The Click Model extracts credible transition probability from queries to URLs, and describes a query without considering web contents. The Term Model focuses on representing a query via term distribution over its main entities and purposes, which can better capture information needs behind short and ambiguous keyword queries. The Semantic Model learns potential intent distribution of queries to distinguish user intents behind a query. Among the three models, we apply pairwise similarity metrics and graph-based personalized pagerank to find similar queries. Compared to traditional representation models, our representation models are verified to be effective and efficient, especially for long tail queries.     

A framework for corroborating answers from multiple web sources

Search engines are increasingly efficient at identifying the best sources for any given keyword query, and are often able to identify the answer within the sources. Unfortunately, many web sources are not trustworthy, because of erroneous, misleading, biased, or outdated information. In many cases, users are not satisfied with the results from any single source. In this paper, we propose a framework to aggregate query results from different sources in order to save users the hassle of individually checking query-related web sites to corroborate answers. To return the best answers to the users, we assign a score to each individual answer by taking into account the number, relevance and originality of the sources reporting the answer, as well as the prominence of the answer within the sources, and aggregate the scores of similar answers. We conducted extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments of our corroboration techniques on queries extracted from the TREC Question Answering track and from a log of real web search engine queries. Our results show that taking into account the quality of web pages and answers extracted from the pages in a corroborative way results in the identification of a correct answer for a majority of queries.     

构建查询需求形式分类体系

查询歧义作为查询分类的子问题在信息检索领域已经得到了很多的关注,现有的研究主要是对查询内容上的歧义进行分类,而忽略了用户查询需求形式上的歧义。该文针对查询需求歧义问题进行了研究,提出了相应的查询需求分类模型。该文利用网页目录构建用户需求形式分类体系及站点列表,在大规模商业搜索引擎日志上进行用户点击覆盖检测,从而得到对查询需求形式的描述。该文的贡献在于提供了一种实际可行的查询需求分类方法,搜索引擎可以根据用户需求的区别调整排序方式,从而改善搜索性能。     

Assisting web search using query suggestion based on word similarity measure and query modification patterns

One of the useful tools offered by existing web search engines is query suggestion (QS), which assists users in formulating keyword queries by suggesting keywords that are unfamiliar to users, offering alternative queries that deviate from the original ones, and even correcting spelling errors. The design goal of QS is to enrich the web search experience of users and avoid the frustrating process of choosing controlled keywords to specify their special information needs, which releases their burden on creating web queries. Unfortunately, the algorithms or design methodologies of the QS module developed by Google, the most popular web search engine these days, is not made publicly available, which means that they cannot be duplicated by software developers to build the tool for specifically-design software systems for enterprise search, desktop search, or vertical search, to name a few. Keyword suggested by Yahoo! and Bing, another two well-known web search engines, however, are mostly popular currently-searched words, which might not meet the specific information needs of the users. These problems can be solved by WebQS, our proposed web QS approach, which provides the same mechanism offered by Google, Yahoo!, and Bing to support users in formulating keyword queries that improve the precision and recall of search results. WebQS relies on frequency of occurrence, keyword similarity measures, and modification patterns of queries in user query logs, which capture information on millions of searches conducted by millions of users, to suggest useful queries/query keywords during the user query construction process and achieve the design goal of QS. Experimental results show that WebQS performs as well as Yahoo! and Bing in terms of effectiveness and efficiency and is comparable to Google in terms of query suggestion time.     

Web search engine: Characteristics of user behaviors and their implication

In this paper, first studied are the distribution characteristics of user behaviors based on log data from a massive web search engine. Analysis shows that stochastic distribution of user queries accords with the characteristics of power-law function and exhibits strong similarity, and the user' s queries and clicked URLs present dramatic locality, which implies that query cache and 'hot click' cache can be employed to improve system performance. Then three typical cache replacement policies are compared, including LRU, FIFO, and LFU with attenuation. In addition, the distribution character-istics of web information are also analyzed, which demonstrates that the link popularity and replica pop-ularity of a URL have positive influence on its importance. Finally, variance between the link popularity and user popularity, and variance between replica popularity and user popularity are analyzed, which give us some important insight that helps us improve the ranking algorithms in a search engine.