百叶窗式浓缩器分离特性分析及改造优化

水平浓淡燃烧技术是解决低负荷稳燃的有效途径,本文通过对百叶窗式浓缩器分离特性的分析,结合燃烧器的两相实验对结构进一步优化,解决实际运行中锅炉大渣可燃物高的问题,为燃烧器高效运行提供了经验.     

锅炉燃烧控制系统优化

在锅炉燃烧运行控制中,锅炉燃烧器控制部分是锅炉控制系统的一个重要组成。本文分析了锅炉应用进口燃烧器存在的一些问题,通过改善锅炉控制系统整体控制结构的方法,解决了原有锅炉控制系统控制结构复杂,控制器独立和封闭的特点,采用通用的PLC实现了锅炉的燃烧和运行控制。控制方案的成功也为今后锅炉配套进口燃烧器时应用PLC代替专用燃烧程控器奠定了基础,为企业在锅炉上应用进口燃烧器提供了新的解决思路。     

CO余热锅炉瓦斯燃烧器改造及仿真研究

中石化某分公司催化裂化装置CO余热锅炉运行过程中,瓦斯燃烧器燃气空气混合不充分,火焰温度分布不均匀,燃烧效果差.为解决此问题,分析了瓦斯燃烧器的工作特点及结构形式,对燃烧器的配风方式、气流混合原理及稳燃机理进行了研究,并对燃气系统进行了核算,提出了燃烧器改造方案,最后运用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT,对改造前后的燃烧器内的燃烧情况进行了模拟.仿真结果表明,改造后的燃烧器火焰温度分布均匀,燃烧完全.燃烧器改造方案是合理可行的.     

浓淡燃烧器在130t/h煤粉炉上的应用

郑州亚能兴隆热电厂#1锅炉,采用的喷燃器是水平浓淡燃烧器,经常出现燃烧器浓侧喷口磨损、大渣可燃物含量高、40%负荷稳燃性差等问题。如提高锅炉燃烧器运行的安全性及经济性,保证低负荷调峰运行的稳定性,今年9月份的小修中对#1炉燃烧器进行了全面改造,实验结果表明:喷燃器改造后大渣可燃物含量明显降低,低负荷燃烧稳定性大大增强。     

浓淡燃烧器在130t/h煤粉炉上的应用

郑州亚能兴隆热电厂#1锅炉,采用的喷燃器是水平浓淡燃烧器,经常出现燃烧器浓侧喷口磨损、大渣可燃物含量高、40%负荷稳燃性差等问题.如提高锅炉燃烧器运行的安全性及经济性,保证低负荷调峰运行的稳定性,今年9月份的小修中对#1炉燃烧器进行了全面改造,实验结果表明喷燃器改造后大渣可燃物含量明显降低,低负荷燃烧稳定性大大增强.     

锅炉点火和火焰检测问题解决和完善

针对燃气锅炉点火过程中出现的问题,依据锅炉设备结构知识和燃烧器的工作原理,对锅炉火焰检测保护系统进行分析,查找和解析导致点火困难的原因。通过实施一些改进和处理办法,切实提高了锅炉点火成功率。实际运行结果证明,该方法的实施获得了良好效果,基本解决了锅炉点火困难的问题。     

锅炉在线式温度场测量系统

对某电厂锅炉燃烧器温度场测量发现，锅炉燃烧器区域每层四个角之间的温度场存在明显差异，即锅炉炉膛的四角燃烧呈现出显著的偏烧现象，影响锅炉安全运行。所设计的锅炉在线式温度场测量系统可以实时观测到燃烧器火焰温度场的变化情况，发现异常燃烧及发生偏烧的位置。项目中通过在锅炉水平烟道增加红外测温装置，实现在线监测温度。通过图像镜片组观测燃烧器火焰的稳燃区温度场。仪器的测量结果可以通过控制柜内配带的处理器直接处理后，通过操作员站进行温度场图像显示，并计算出温度场的最大、最小和平均温度，或根据需要将计算数据接到DCS系统。该系统已投入使用，锅炉运行效率和安全性显著提高。     

煤粉燃烧器在线监测系统的研究与应用

本文介绍了一套新型智能煤粉锅炉燃烧器在线监测装置的设计与应用。它通过安装在锅炉12个风管上的仪表元件测得不同的风温和风压,通过计算测得各风管的风粉浓度和动压,并通过转换将结果传到集散控制系统之中同时显示到操作站上,为锅炉燃烧的自动控制或手动控制提供科学依据,最终使锅炉平稳经济燃烧。该系统应用后,锅炉煤粉燃烧器各风管的流速、风温、动压值、浓度得到了实时监控,12个燃烧器供粉更加均匀,燃烧更加充分．它有效实现了各燃烧器喷口的出口风速和煤粉浓度的合理配置,保证了煤粉锅炉各个燃烧器的出力均衡,使锅炉运行更加平稳、经济。     

1000MW超超临界锅炉反向双切圆燃烧系统试验研究

华润电力有限公司2×1000MW锅炉采用反向双切圆燃烧系统,一直存在汽温偏差大,水冷壁、过热器超温现象,2015年两台炉水冷壁出现了4次超温爆管情况。为了充分掌握炉膛内运行时气流速度场的分布特性,深入分析与排查机组炉内水冷壁多次超温爆管的原因,对炉内冷态空气动力场进行了试验研究。通过调整燃烧器、优化点火和磨煤机运行等方法,解决了水冷壁超温爆管、火焰偏斜、炉膛左右侧烟气温度偏差等问题。     

锅炉燃烧优化指导系统的分析及应用

1 概述 景德镇发电厂#134锅炉为上海锅炉厂制造的SG420/13.7-M416B型，炉膛断面尺寸为8840mm×9600mm，燃烧器正四角布置，切圆燃烧。在锅炉的运行中，采用静压表监测一、二次风速；一次风管静压间接反映风粉情况。司炉凭经验调节给粉机转速，控制给粉量，但给粉机转速与给粉量非线性关系，静压也无法准确反映一、二次风口的流速和状况。由于监控手段的缺乏，有时因一次风管堵管、风煤比失调、四角配风不均，引起燃烧不稳，火焰中心偏斜，造成锅炉爆管及燃烧器损害变形，不能确保锅炉运行的安全性和经济性。为解决上述问题，我厂与西安电…     

火灾中火场运动方向估计方法研究

研究火灾中火焰运动方向估计问题。针对火灾现场,燃烧中的火焰存在着动态特征不定,运动方向容易发生随机性改变,影响估计的准确性。传统的物体运动方向估计方法很难对燃烧的火焰做出准确的方向估计。为解决上述问题,提出基于运动能量块计算的火焰运动方向判定方法,首先为燃烧的火焰建立运动能量块,创立火焰的动态特性,通过预判火焰运动块的方向,形成运动块在各个方向上的匹配,完成对火焰燃烧过程中,运动方向的准确估计。仿真结果证明,改进方法能对燃烧中的火焰运动方向做出准确估计,取得了满意的效果。     

工业锅炉燃烧过程的建模及控制

在锅炉燃烧过程的控制中 ,系统常常会受到不可测干扰的影响 ,造成能源浪费和环境污染。其主要问题是燃烧过程的输出量难以测量。对于这一类的过程控制 ,由于扰动及输出量不能测量 ,就不得不采用控制辅助输出量的方法间接控制过程的主要输出量。文章通过对工业锅炉燃烧过程的机理分析与数学建模 ,实现了由可测输出量估计这些干扰对过程的影响 ,并采用推理控制削弱了这种干扰的影响。仿真实验证明了建模分析和推理控制方法是可行的。     

DSP在线烧写程序的可移植性设计

针对DSP在线烧写程序通用性不强的情况,从存储空间配置、程序宏定义和FLASH访问函数三方面考虑,设计了一种可在DSP开发板上快速移植的在线烧写程序。给出了相应的程序代码和实现过程,并在合众达开发板上进行了验证。     

Impact of point spread function of MSG-SEVIRI on active fire detection

The spatial resolution of sensors is a concept frequently described in an inappropriate way, usually identified by the sampling distance in the image capturing process. The shape of the modulation transfer function (MTF) has no influence on the results in applications based on homogeneous distribution of radiance. However, in the case of high-temperature events (HTEs), the spatial location of the burning area inside the pixel is a key issue to solve, in order to quantify the radiance. The point spread function (PSF) should be considered both in fire detection-oriented algorithms and in the application of bispectral processes. This paper analyses the impact of the PSF of the Meteosat Second Generation Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (MSG-SEVIRI) sensor on the determination of thermal fire parameters. The PSF influence on the brightness temperature (BT), in the mid-infrared (MIR) 3.9 μm spectral band, on detection algorithms is analysed. Errors in the fire temperature retrieved by the bispectral technique, due to non-coincidence in the PSF involved, are also analysed. The results obtained show a difference of around 20 K in the BT in the 3.9 μm spectral band, depending on the fire location inside the pixel. Finally, the probability detection of the minimal size of the burning area was analysed, and revealed that there is a 90% probability of detecting a fire with a burning area of 10 ha whereas an area of 4 ha is detected with a probability of 50%.     

流程图化的嵌入式系统开发平台

面向嵌入式零代码基础使用者和低成本开发者,搭建了一个基于STM32的软硬件一体化编程的流程图化的嵌入式系统开发平台.该平台采用STM32作为硬件载体,用QT跨平台C++图形用户界面搭建简单易懂的流程图操作界面.硬件框图界面能驱动嵌入式设备,用编译软件封装功能模块放置功能编辑盒,通过命令行调用编译器,调用外部烧录软件完成下载,代码查看器可直观监视编译全过程.测试结果表明,该平台可方便、快捷解决编程问题.     

基于预报的烧结终点模糊控制

烧结终点是烧结操作的主要依据,是烧结过程的关键参数;针对烧结终点参数不确定性和存在时间滞后的问题,提出了基于温度上升点处温度的预报策略,并结合专家知识,对烧结终点采取模糊控制措施,有效地抑制了烧结终点波动;应用这些技术开发的控制系统,可以准确、快速地判断和预报烧结终点的状态,起到稳定烧结终点、优化过程操作的重要作用。     

Wind turbine micrositing by using the firefly algorithm

Traditionally energy has been a burning issue of mankind, however, this trend has changed with the advent of clean technologies such as wind power. It is common knowledge that wind turbines need to be installed in an open, unobstructed area to obtain the maximal power output. This document attempts to solve the problem of optimization of the layout of large wind farms by the use of nature inspired algorithms. Particular reference is made to the use of the firefly algorithm. A good comparison is made with the past approaches of the use of spread sheets and GA's for optimization.     

太阳能热水器自动控制系统设计

太阳能热水器作为三大热水器之一，因其无污染、使用方便、长期投入成本低等特点，而越来越受到人们的青睐，但与之配套的控制器却还一直处于研究和开发阶段，为解决水温水位的自动控制问题，提出了以西门子LOGO!为控制核心。结合水温水位传感变送技术。设计了具有水温水位控制的太阳能热水器自动控制系统，该自动控制系统不仅可全天候不间断提供热水，而且具有防止空烧和高低水温水位报警功能;实践证明，该热水器可提供0～99℃的水温自动调节和20％～100％水位自动控制功能，能满足家庭和工业环境的实际应用。     

NASA astronaut photography depiction of the spatial and temporal characteristics of biomass burning

NASA astronaut photographs of the Earth's surface, in the Space Shuttle Earth Observation Photographic database, have been examined for their ability to provide information on remote sensing of temporal and spatial distributions of biomass burning. Over 4554 photos of biomass burning are identified in a dataset containing 347 678 photos accumulated since 1961. Distributions of the entire database, and of the biomass burning photos it contains, are displayed by mission, month, year, season, latitude and hemisphere. The relative frequency of biomass burning photos was determined by removing the effects of the number of days in space and the number of photos taken. Distributions of the photos of burning are shown in relation to characteristics of global climatic and vegetation characteristics which favor biomass burning. The strengths and weaknesses of the photographic database as a tool for remote sensing of biomass burning are also discussed briefly.     

Biomass burning and related trace gas emissions from tropical dry deciduous forests of India: A study using DMSP-OLS data and ground-based measurements

Biomass burning is one of the major sources of trace gas emissions in the atmosphere. In India the major sources of biomass burning include deforestation, shifting cultivation, accidental fires, controlled burning, fire wood burning, burning from agricultural residues and burning due to fire lines. Studies on biomass burning practices gain importance due to increasing anthropogenic activities and increasing rates of deforestation. Satellite data have been widely used over the globe to monitor the rates of deforestation and also with respect to biomass burning studies. But, much of the polar orbiting satellites, due to their repetitive cycle, have limitations in observing such events and in the tropics, due to cloud cover, getting a cloud-free image during the daytime is difficult. In this study we used Defence Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS) night-time data to study the biomass burning events over a period of 10 years from 1987 to 1998 for the Eastern Ghats region, covering the northern part of Andhra Pradesh, India. Two ground-based experiments were carried out to quantify the emissions from biomass burning practices. The results of the study with respect to trace gases suggested emission ratios for CO, CH4, NOx and N20 during the burning to be about 12.3%, 1.29%, 0.29% and 0.07% at the first site and 12.5%, 1.59%, 0.29% and 0.05% at the second site, suggesting low inter-fire variability between the sites. The variation has been attributed to the fuel load, vegetation characteristics, site conditions and local meteorological parameters affecting the relative amounts of combustion. Using the DMSP OLS derived areal estimates of active fires, the trace gas emissions released from the biomass burning were quantified. The results suggested the emissions of 8.2 2 10 10 g CO 2, 1.8 2 10 8 g CO, 6.0 2 10 6 g N 2 O, 3.0 2 10 6 g NO x and 1.2 2 10 8 8 g CH 4 during March 1987. The emissions increased to 1.0 2 10 11 g CO 2, 2.3 2 10 g CO, 7.8 2 10 6 g N 2 O, 3.9 2 10 7 g NO x and 1.6 2 10 8 g CH 4, over a period of 10 years. The results of the analysis suggest the possible use of monitoring biomass burning events from DMSP-OLS night-time data.