基于辨识矩阵的不完备多粒度约简

面向具有缺失属性值的不完备数据,文中从辨识矩阵的角度构造不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的多粒度约简结构.首先,讨论基于悲观和乐观多粒度近似的不完备信息系统的约简性质,构造不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的3种多粒度辨识矩阵.然后,理论性证明通过对构造的辨识矩阵进行析取、合取逻辑运算,可精确得到不完备信息系统和不完备决策系统的所有多粒度近似约简.最后通过实例验证文中多粒度约简方法的有效性和实用性.     

集值Rough扩展模型知识约简

基于吴鹏等提出的k度限制相容关系模型,讨论在集值不完备信息系统上的约简,给出集值不完备信息系统属性约简的判定定理和辨识矩阵,得到集值不完备信息系统知识约简的具体操作方法。     

在不完备信息系统中基于VPRSM的约简异常分析

属性约简问题的关键在于约简集合能否表达与原属性集完全一致的信息。分析了完备信息系统中基于变精度粗糙集模型属性约简异常出现的原因,并将其扩展到不完备信息系统中,在文献[1]的基础上,给出了不完备信息系统中基于集对分析的VPRSM的约简定义,既能保证在不完备信息系统中基于变精度约简的准确性,又能增加灵活性和容噪能力。     

不完备模糊目标信息系统粗集模型与知识约简

在不完备信息系统和模糊目标信息系统的基础上，将不完备近似空间和模糊目标信息系统有机地结台起来，提出了不完备模糊目标信息系统的概念；同时还给出了不完备模糊目标信息系统的粗糙集模型，该模型是完备模糊目标信息系统和经典目标信息系统粗糙集模型的推广。还给出了系统知识约简的一些相关概念及其辨识矩阵的知识约简方法。     

不完备信息系统中基于限制容差关系的属性约简方法

决策表核属性的确定往往是信息约简的基础,然而以往的核属性约简方法大多是针对完备信息系统的。将完备信息系统中的属性核与属性序约简算法延伸至不完备系统,提出一种不完备信息系统中基于限制容差关系的属性约简方法。该方法通过构造限制容差关系下决策表的改进分辨矩阵来求得核属性,并将非核属性按直观影响分类质量的能力排序,能够保证得到的约简结果是相对最小约简。通过实验比较证明该方法可行、有效。     

基于集合覆盖的不完备信息系统属性约简方法

深入分析了不完备信息系统的特点以及相似关系的定义，通过构造不完备信息系统的相关矩阵，把不完备信息系统的最小属性约简问题与最小集合覆盖问题联系起来，将不完备信息系统的最小属性约简问题转化为最小集合覆盖问题，给出了基于集合覆盖的不完备信息系统最小属性约简算法。实例分析证明该算法可行，高效。     

不完备信息系统中属性的重要度及约简方法

在不完备信息系统中,基于相似关系的定义,讨论了属性相对于对象的重要度。通过聚合算子聚合属性相对于所有对象的重要度,可得到属性的重要度。根据属性的重要度,给出了不完备信息系统的一种属性约简方法。实例说明该方法可以减少属性约简的搜索空间并找到不完备信息系统的属性约简。     

基于粒化单调的不完备混合型数据增量式属性约简算法

增量式属性约简是一种针对动态数据集的新型属性约简方法。然而目前的增量式属性约简很少有对不完备混合型的信息系统进行研究。针对这类问题提出一种属性增加时的增量式属性约简算法。在不完备混合型信息系统下引入邻域容差关系。基于邻域容差关系的粒化单调性,提出信息系统属性增加时邻域容差条件熵的增量式更新方法,并提出了不完备混合型信息系统下的邻域容差条件熵增量式属性约简算法。实验分析表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于变精度粗糙集的不完备信息系统知识约简

基于变精度的思想,提出了一种新的不完备信息系统变精度粗糙集模型。基于该模型给出了不完备信息系统的β上（下）分布约简和β上（下）近似约简。给出了求解不完备信息系统β上（下）分布约简的辨识矩阵方法。     

一种基于粒计算的不完备序决策表约简算法

为有效地处理具有遗漏型未知属性值的不完备序信息系统,提出扩展序关系的概念,将不完备序信息系统转换为扩展序值矩阵.分析讨论扩展序值矩阵中粒计算模型和粒度度量方法,尝试在不改变不完备序信息系统中扩展序关系的前提下,从核属性集出发,结合启发式约简思路提出一种新的基于粒计算的不完备序决策表约简算法.实例验证表明,该方法能有效地从不完备序决策表中获取最小相对约简.     

Determinants of software quality: A survey of information systems project managers

Software quality is important for the success of any information systems (IS). In this research, we find the determinants of software quality. We used five attributes for software quality: system reliability, maintainability, ease of use, usefulness, and relevance. By surveying 112 IS project managers, we collected data about their perceptions on the software quality attributes and their determinants. We arrived at six factors through exploratory factor analysis. We determined the individual factors that impacted the software quality attributes; for example, reliability is associated with responsiveness of IS department; ease of use is influenced by the capabilities of users and attitude of management; and usefulness is impacted by capabilities of IS department and responsiveness of IS department. We show that organizational factors are more important than technical factors in impacting software quality in IS projects. We provide implications of our research to practice and to future research.     

Getting the control across: Control transmission in information systems offshoring projects

Offshoring of information systems (IS) projects has become a widespread global practice. While prior research suggests that controlling, and communicating with, offshore vendors represent key managerial challenges, the topic of how control is communicated, or transmitted, from client to vendor has been widely neglected. Our study focuses on control transmission in the critical relationship between client and offshore vendor managers, and its impact on the performance of IS offshoring projects. Drawing on a matched‐pair survey with 172 client and vendor managers from 86 projects, our results provide several new insights to the IS literature: First, we find that both behaviour and outcome control have the capacity to be transmitted consistently in lateral IS offshore project relationships. Second, our results show that consistent transmission translates into a performance effect only for outcome control. Third, we find that high‐performing offshore projects are characterized by both greater control transmission consistency and greater use of outcome control compared to low‐performing projects. In sum, our study extends theory on IS project control by highlighting that effective control of IS offshoring projects is not only about selecting proper controls but also about ensuring that, as a controller, you get the control across to the controllee.     

Towards an information systems perspective and research agenda on crowdsourcing for innovation

Recent years have seen an increasing emphasis on open innovation by firms to keep pace with the growing intricacy of products and services and the ever changing needs of the markets. Much has been written about open innovation and its manifestation in the form of crowdsourcing. Unfortunately, most management research has taken the information system (IS) as a given. In this essay we contend that IS is not just an enabler but rather can be a shaper that optimizes open innovation in general and crowdsourcing in particular. This essay is intended to frame crowdsourcing for innovation in a manner that makes more apparent the issues that require research from an IS perspective. In doing so, we delineate the contributions that the IS field can make to the field of crowdsourcing.     

Exploring the relationship between total quality management and information systems development

This study examines a series of relationships between total quality management (TQM) and information systems (IS) development. Specifically, we consider whether organizations which have more fully adopted TQM will be different in their approaches to IS development. Our findings suggest that where TQM is adopted more fully, there will be a significant impact on four areas of IS development: system goals; system design philosophy/concepts; assumptions made by IS professionals about system users and user involvement in system development. We also report evidence that both TQM and IT may require similar organizational cultures.     

Perspectives on challenges facing women in IS: the cognitive gender gap

The persistently low number of women in the information systems (IS) field has led to numerous inquiries about barriers women might face to entry and advancement in the profession. Because IS has traditionally been male dominated, masculine values tend to predominate in the profession. In the current study, same sex focus groups of male and female managers discussed challenges women in IS face that their male colleagues might not. By simultaneously analyzing the perceptions of male and female IS managers, we identified areas of overlap and divergence in the concepts as well as in the linkages between the concepts. Although the men and women's maps shared 10 concepts, none of the linkages between the concepts were the same in the two maps. We thus find that men and women have little cognitive overlap about the challenges that women face. Overall, male participants generally realize that women face a number of challenges associated with female gender role expectations, and more generally challenges they encounter in their workplaces and in the IS field. Their understanding of the challenges, however, appears to be superficial. We call on organizations and the IS profession to devise novel responses and training approaches to promote change in the IS culture.     

IS Strategy and IS Contribution: CEO and CIO Perspectives

This research compares views of CEOs and CIOs in the same organization about the contribution of IS to their organization and about the IS strategy that produced the contribution. The executives agree about the extent of IS contribution, but disagree about how IS strategy produces it. CEOs view analysis and proactiveness strategies as the two top keys to doing so, whereas CIOs see innovativeness and aggressiveness strategies as the two top keys.     

Characteristics of IT artifacts: a systems thinking‐based framework for delineating and theorizing IT artifacts

The information technology artifact (ITA) has been suggested as the core of information systems (IS) research, and the research community has been encouraged to deeply engage with the ITA. Various studies highlight, however, that the ITA continues to receive only limited attention and thus, little foundation exists for IS researchers to delineate and theorize about the ITAs studied. In this paper, we develop a framework that can be utilized as a language for articulating and theorizing the ITA in IS research. Our framework builds on the multi‐faceted theoretical paradigm of systems thinking from which we derive several concepts and appropriate them to the context at hand, resulting in a seven‐dimensional framework of characteristics for ITAs. In a literature survey of research on enterprise systems and enterprise resource planning systems in top IS journals, we show how ITA characteristics are currently included to present details of the relevant ITA instance and identify theoretical relationships between ITA characteristics and outcomes. We conclude the study by demonstrating the use of the ITA framework for delineating and theorizing the ITA in IS research.     

The DySIIM model for managing IS integration in mergers and acquisitions

Corporate mergers and acquisitions (M&As) are prominent means for corporate strategy. In many M&As information systems (IS), integration is critical for achieving the intended goals. By integrating previous research on M&A and IS integration, we develop a six‐dimensional theoretical framework for IS integration in corporate M&As. The framework is used to describe and explain IS integration management in four M&As. Based on the four cases, the theoretical framework and the existing literature, an initial model (Dynamic System of IS Integration in M&A, DySIIM) describing and explaining how IS integration relates to the M&A process is developed. Through the combination of the DySIIM's dimensions, the dynamics of different parts of the M&A process are captured. The model can be used in further research to build cumulative knowledge about how to manage IS integration in M&A. The model can also be used by companies in their M&A since through the combination of dimensions, it shows the IS integration issues, decisions and actions that a company has to address in the process.     

Information systems use as strategy practice: A multi-dimensional view of strategic information system implementation and use

Information systems (IS) are strategic in so far as they are used to realize strategic intent. Yet, while much has been said about aligning IS functionality with the strategic intent and how to organizationally implement strategically aligned systems, less is known of how to successfully implement strategic change associated with system use – a truly critical challenge within strategic IS implementation. Drawing on a strategy-as-practice perspective we address this gap by developing a multi-dimensional view of IS strategy, conceptualizing three key challenges in the IS strategy process, to explain how and why a paper mill, despite successfully implementing a strategic production management system, failed to produce intended strategic change. We call this outcome strategy blindness: organizational incapability to realize the strategic intent of implemented, available system capabilities. Using a longitudinal case study we investigate how cognitive rigidity of key actors and fixed, interrelated practices shaped the implementation of the new production system. We also identify core components and dynamics that constitute a richer multi-dimensional view of the IS strategy implementation (alignment) process. In particular, we identify three salient factors that contribute to strategy blindness – mistranslation of intent, flexibility of the IT artifact and cognitive entrenchment – and discuss how they affect strategic implementation processes. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for IS strategy theory and practice, especially the contribution of strategy-as-practice to this stream of research.     

Analyzing IS research productivity: an inclusive approach to global IS scholarship

An increasing number of studies have appeared that evaluate and rank journal quality and the productivity of IS scholars and their institutions. In this paper, we describe the results of one recent study identifying the ‘Top 30’ IS Researchers, revealing many unexamined assumptions about which IS publication outlets should be included in any definition of high-quality, scholarly IS journals. Drawing from the argument that all categories and classification schemes are grounded in politics, we critique the process by which the recent study in question (and several earlier studies) have derived the set of journals from which they count researcher publications. Based on a critical examination of the widespread inclusion of practitioner outlets, and the consistent exclusion of European scholarly IS journals, we develop our own arguments for which journals should be included in such evaluations of researcher productivity. We conduct our own analysis of IS researcher productivity for the period 1999–2003, based on articles published in a geographically balanced set of 12 IS journals, and then we compare our results with those from the recent study in question and their predecessors. Our results feature a more diverse set of scholars – both in terms of location (specifically, the country and continent in which the researchers are employed) and gender. We urge future studies of IS research productivity to follow our practice of including high-quality European journals, while eschewing practitioner-oriented publications (such as Harvard Business Review and Communications of the ACM). We also advocate that such studies count only research contributions (e.g., research articles), and that other genres of non-research articles – such as book reviews, ‘issues and opinions’ pieces and editorial introductions – not be conflated with counts of research contributions.