敏捷制造环境下的系统集成方法

系统集成包括企业集成和信息系统集成，敏捷制造作为一种新的企业集成形式，是21世纪的工业生产和组织管理模式，强调企业对不可预测的市场环境快速响应和有效重构。敏捷制造对系统集成提出了更高的要求。敏捷制造环境下的信息系统应是分布，异构、可重构、可重用，可伸缩的。传统的信息系统体系结构难以适应敏捷制造环境。基于工作流管理系统的信息系统体系结构和基于多Agent系统的信息体系结构为敏捷制造环境下企业信息系统集成开辟了新的方向。     

面向订单生产的制造单元动态重构方法研究

为提高单元制造系统的柔性和敏捷性,提出了面向订单生产情况下的制造单元动态重构的总体框架,设计了单元内部零件.设备可动态重组的优化算法.在满足约束的前提下,建立了以最小加工成本和最大生产工艺能力系数为目标的设备选择数学模型:同时,考虑重构成本和重构后带来的收益大小.引入新的相似系数,实现了新零件.设备的快速重组.最后,以某企业机加工车间为例,验证了算法的有效性.     

工艺驱动计算机辅助面向制造而设计的研究

面向制造而设计是并行工程的主要工具之一。本文从工艺仿真的角度出发，提出了基于知识推理的工艺仿真的计算机辅助面向制造而设计系统，给出了构造层次性规则库和零件可制造性评价的方法。     

特征信息建模及特征映射技术的研究

本文介绍特征技术产生的背景和特征建模的有关概念与方法。根据集成化制造系统的要求，提出了一套新的特征信息描述方法和系统结构；建立了折弯零件的设计特征库，实现了析弯零件的基于特征设计．分析、归纳了特征表达空间之间的关系和基于特征空间的特征映射原理与方法，完成了折弯零件设计特征模型到制造特征模型的转换，从而实现了产品信息的集成与共享．     

可重构片上系统设计流程中的动态重构问题研究

近年来,可重构片上系统已成为科学研究及嵌入式应用领域中应对复杂计算需求的有效技术解决方案.针对目前缺少一个从系统级设计到应用实现,统一、综合规划动态重构问题的系统设计流程,以及动态重构过程对系统设计人员不透明等问题,在系统设计层给出了一种过程级软硬件统一编程模型.在此框架内,设计人员通过调用已根据应用特性进行优化的软硬件协同函数,即可利用高级语言完成系统功能描述;在细节设计层提出了基于单位面积加速比的软硬件任务调度算法,实时管理动态可重构资源;在应用实现层,以可重构专用图形加速卡为原型系统,论述动态可重构系统实现中的关键技术.实验及测试结果验证了通过将动态重构问题置于整个系统设计流程中予以考虑,能够达到提升系统开发效率之目的.     

基于SOA的敏捷制造系统集成框架研究

现有敏捷制造系统缺少灵活性,难以快速适应机械产品制造模式的变化及系统重构。本文笔者分析了面向服务架构(SOA)的特点后,提出了面向服务架构的敏捷制造系统集成框架,以实现不同制造模式的集成和系统的快速重构。     

基于系统级FPGA/CPLD的SoPC嵌入式开发研究

针对基于系统级FPGA／CPLD的SoPC嵌入式设计特点，介绍采用SoPC Builder设计工具有选择地将处理器、存储器、I／O等系统设计所需的IP组件集成到PLD器件上，也可以通过自定义用户逻辑集成到PLD器件上的开发方法，构建高效SoC。文中分析了嵌入式处理器Nios软核的特性，并给出了基于Nios内核的SoPC软硬件开发流程和白定义用户逻辑的软硬件设计过程。     

可重构制造系统可重构逻辑控制器设计与实现

针对可重构制造系统的逻辑控制问题，提出一种可重构逻辑控制器的解决方案．该逻辑控制器具有递阶分布式的控制体系结构，并根据模块化的设计思想设计成多个分离的功能模块．然后给出基于CORBA组件模型(CCM)的可重构逻辑控制器软件的开发过程．由递阶分布式体系、模块化设计和软件组件开发技术实现的可重构逻辑控制器具有快速动态重构的能力，能满足可重构制造系统逻辑控制的要求．     

基于多智能体和CORBA的企业应用集成机制研究

为适应网络化制造系统随企业生产、经营、组织方式的变更而调整其信息支撑系统的要求，克服企业分布异构环境下集成难度大的问题，文中简要介绍了CORBA与多智能体技术，提出运用CORBA技术对企业已有系统进行统一接口的功能封装集成，在此基础上通过Agent机制实现各信息分系统在语义和知识层次上的应用集成，且使系统具有良好的可重用性和可重构性，并尝试构造区域网络化制造管理系统的初步原型。     

面向特征的CAD集成系统交互接口的设计

本文从ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ集成思想出发,认真分析了传统ＣＡＤ系统在集成过程中存在的问题。提出了一个基于制造环境的ＣＡＤ系统设计模式,并基于此设计了面向特征,具有工艺信息反馈和限制的ＣＡＤ交互接口,为设计者提供了一种自然的,能反映所设计零件形状的可能加工方式和一定的加工工艺分析信息的交互界面,并具备了图示化等特点。     

可重构制造系统的可重构控制器

可重构控制器是可重构制造系统的重要组成部分之一。该文提出了可重构控制器的体系结构。分析了实现可重构制造系统的可重构控制的方法。仿真研究表明可重构控制是实现可重构制造系统控制系统可重构的有效方法。     

可重构制造系统重构算法的实例研究

可重构制造系统（RcMS)的模型及其重构算法是可重构制造系统的形式化表示，是研究RcMS优化的理论基础，基于赋时可重构Petri网的可重构制造系统模型（TRPN－RcMS)及其重构算法是RcMS的形式化表示方法之一。文中以实例对RcMS重构算法进行说明和论证。首先假设一个RcMS的实例系统；然后，根据RcMS的当前系统组成及其生成计划生成RcMS当前系统的TRPN－RcMS模型；最后，根据RcMS重构后的系统组成及其生产计划的变化情况，利用RcMS的TRPN－RcMS模型的重构算法，生成重构后的系统的TRPN－RcMS模型。     

A process-driven computing model for reconfigurable semiconductor manufacturing

Reconfigurability is essential for semiconductor manufacturing systems to remain competitive. Reconfigurable systems avoid costly modifications required to change and adapt to changes in product, production and services. A fully automated, collaborative, and integrated while reconfigurable manufacturing system proves cost-effective in the long term and is a promising strategy for the semiconductor manufacturing industry. However, there is a lack of computing models to facilitate the design and development of control and management systems in a truly reconfigurable manner. This paper presents an innovative computing model for reconfigurable systems and controlled manufacturing processes while allowing for the integration of modern technologies to facilitate reconfiguration, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) and reconfigurable field programmable gate array (FPGA). Shop floor manufacturing activities are modeled as processes from a business perspective. A process-driven formal method that builds on prior research on virtual production lines is proposed for the formation of a reconfigurable cross-facility manufacturing system. The trajectory of the controlled manufacturing systems is optimized for on-demand production services. Reconfigurable process controllers are introduced in support of the essential system reconfigurability of future semiconductor manufacturing systems. Implementation of this approach is also presented.     

RMS design methodology for automotive framing systems BIW

Today, markets increasingly require more customized products, with shorter life cycles. In response, manufacturing systems have evolved from mass production techniques, through flexible automation and mass customization, to produce at mass production costs. Manufacturing facilities must incorporate more flexibility and intelligence, evolving toward reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). RMS are amid to posses such flexibility and responsiveness and said to be the next generation of world class systems. RMS are designed for rapid change in structure and for a quickly adjustable production capacity. This paper proposes a new methodology (high level process) of framework using flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing systems principles for automotive framing systems as well as to provide a guideline to support the structure of different stages of the design methodology. The proposed methodology is presented through a case study using data based on actual production systems of three different styles; (process and design data) which supports the hypothesis of the research.     

基于构件的可重构制造执行系统研究

制造执行系统是实现企业信息集成的关键技术，是企业信息化工程领域的研究热点之一。分析了制造执行系统的定义和功能，并提出基于软件构件的可重构制造执行系统的软件体系结构和实现方法。可重构制造执行系统的开发与运行实践表明，可重构制造执行系统的软件开发效率高、周期短、可扩展性好。     

基于构件的可重构制造执行系统研究*

制造执行系统是实现企业信息集成的关键技术,是企业信息化工程领域的研究热点之一。分析了制造执行系统的定义和功能,并提出基于软件构件的可重构制造执行系统的软件体系结构和实现方法。可重构制造执行系统的开发与运行实践表明,可重构制造执行系统的软件开发效率高、周期短、可扩展性好。     

Analysis of a linear walking worker line using a combination of computer simulation and mathematical modeling approaches

It has become increasingly important in the last few years to develop rapid, dynamic, responsive and reconfigurable manufacturing processes and systems. This is because manufacturing enterprises are now being forced to develop and constantly improve their production systems so that they can quickly and economically react to unpredictable conditions such as varying production volumes and product variants with small lot size, high quality and low costs. One effective method to achieve this is to create a more flexible, highly skilled and agile workforce capable to perform multiple or all the required tasks in a production area where the system can be reconfigured easily as needed to accommodate changes of production requirement on a daily or weekly basis.This paper presents a study of a so-called linear walking worker assembly line based on a combination of computer simulation and mathematical analysis. The linear walking worker assembly line is a flexible assembly system where each worker travels down the line carrying out each assembly task at each station; and each worker accomplishes the assembly of a unit from start to finish. This design attempts to combine the flexibility of the U-shaped moving worker assembly cell with the efficiency of the conventional fixed worker assembly line. The paper aims to evaluate one critical factor of in-progress waiting time that affects the overall system performance providing a dynamic simulation outlook as well as an insight into the mechanism of such a flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing system.     

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Key to future manufacturing

Presented in this article is a review of manufacturing techniques and introduction of reconfigurable manufacturing systems; a new paradigm in manufacturing which is designed for rapid adjustment of production capacity and functionality, in response to new market conditions. A definition of reconfigurable manufacturing systems is outlined and an overview of available manufacturing techniques, their key drivers and enablers, and their impacts, achievements and limitations is presented. A historical review of manufacturing from the point-of-view of the major developments in the market, technology and sciences issues affecting manufacturing is provided. The new requirements for manufacturing are discussed and characteristics of reconfigurable manufacturing systems and their key role in future manufacturing are explained. The paper is concluded with a brief review of specific technologies and research issues related to RMSs.     

Rapid design and reconfiguration of Petri net models for reconfigurable manufacturing cells with improved net rewriting systems and activity diagrams

To respond rapidly to the highly volatile market, the emerging reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) have brought forward two challenging issues, namely, how to build rapid a formal model of an initial manufacturing configuration and how to yield the goal model from the existing one along with manufacturing configuration changes (reconfiguration). As for the issues, we present in this paper a method for rapid design of Petri net (PN) formalized models of RMS, intended for supervisory control and logic control of RMS, as well as a method for automated reconfiguration of the models. Firstly, we present an improved net rewriting system (INRS) for dynamically operating net transformation, unlike its predecessor-net rewriting system, where the initial behavioral properties of the underlying PN rewritten can be preserved during the transformation. Subsequently, the paper proposes the three-phase method for rapid design of initial full PN models of reconfigurable manufacturing cells (RMCs). In this method, activity diagrams of Unified Modeling Languages version 2 (UML 2) are used to describe manufacturing configurations, firstly; then the sub-activity diagrams are transformed into PN sub-models; finally, the PN sub-models are automated synthesized into a full model by the approach of INRS. Further, we present a model reconfiguration method for this class of PN models. The method compares changes in activity diagrams of the existing and goal manufacturing configurations and converts them into net rewriting rules of INRS. By applying the rules obtained, the existing PN model can reconfigure into a new one for the goal manufacturing configuration. No matter the design method or the reconfiguration method, the behavioral properties of the obtained PN models, e.g., liveness, boundedness, or reversibility, can be guaranteed and thereby the efforts of verification can be avoided. Finally, rapid design of a PN model of a reconfigurable manufacturing cell, as well as its automated reconfiguration, is illustrated with the help of an example. The result indicates the validity of the methods.     

Mass customization in the product life cycle

This study presents an introduction to mass customization in the product life cycle—the goal of mass customization, mass customization configurations, and new customer integration techniques, modular design techniques, flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs), and supply chain management methods. The study reviews three selected books and twenty-one selected papers—early papers that describe the goal of mass customization, early papers that describe mass customization configurations, and recent papers that describe new customer integration techniques, modular design techniques, FMSs, and supply chain management methods. The study shows that the goal of mass customization is to create individually customized products, with mass production volume, cost, and efficiency, that most companies use ‘assemble-to-order’ configurations to create standardized products, and that more work is needed on interactive customer integration techniques, collaborative modular design techniques, reconfigurable manufacturing systems, and integrated supply chain management methods to achieve the goal of mass customization.