Assessment of engine thermal management through advanced system engineering modeling

A physically based approach to model vehicle dynamics, transient engine performance and engine thermal management system is presented. This approach enables modeling dynamic processes in the individual components and is the dynamic interaction of all relevant domains. The modeling framework is based on a common innovative solver, where all processes are solved using tailored numerical techniques suited to account for characteristic time scales of individual domains. This approach enables achieving very short computational times of the overall model. The paper focuses on the integration of cooling and lubrication models into the framework of a vehicle dynamics simulation including transient engine performance demonstrated on a modern passenger car featuring split cooling functionality. A validated model with a mechanically driven coolant pump provides the base for analyzing the impact of introducing an electrically driven coolant pump. Analyses are performed for two drive cycles featuring significantly different velocity profiles to reveal their influences on the operational principles of the powertrain components and their interaction. The results show for both drive cycles fuel saving due to the application of the electric water pump is relatively small and amounts between 0.75% and 1.1%. However, it is important to address that application of the electric coolant pump results in higher turbine outlet temperatures and thus in faster catalyst heat-up. Detailed analyses of the interaction between vehicle dynamics, transient engine performance and engine thermal management system provide insight into the underlying mechanisms. This is made possible by the application of physically based system level model.     

Energy harvesting from far field RF signals

In this article, an alternative source of energy harvesting is proposed. It is based on the concept of charge pump electronics circuit and radio frequency (RF) signal amplifier. The RF signals are acquired by the Dickson charge pump circuit, amplified, and converted into a desired DC signal. To ensure the maximum power extraction, the proposed energy harvester circuit includes multiple circuit level approach. The diode‐capacitor charge pump generated the step‐up stage in the system. The proposed idea is designed and implemented using a suitable hardware successfully. Initially, the designed circuit is simulated and tested using the MultiSim software and then hardware implemented to obtained the desired 1‐5 V DC signal. The presented circuit can be used in various applications such as electronic devices charging, power supply, energy harvesting, etc.     

A PZT insulin pump integrated with a silicon microneedle array for transdermal drug delivery

Many of the compounds in drugs cannot be effectively delivered using current drug delivery techniques (e.g., pills and injections). Transdermal delivery is an attractive alternative, but it is limited by the extremely low permeability of the skin. As the primary barrier to transport is located in the upper tissue, Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) technology provides novel means, such as microneedle array and PZT pump, in order to increase permeability of human skin with efficiency, safety and painless delivery, and to decrease the size of the pump. Microneedle array has many advantages, including minimal trauma at penetration site because of the small size of the needle, free from condition limitations, painless drug delivery, and precise control of penetration depth. These will promote the development of biomedical sciences and technology and make medical devices more humanized. So far, most of the insulin pumps being used are mechanical pumps. We present the first development of this novel technology, which can assemble the PZT pump and the microneedle array together for diabetes mellitus. The microneedle array based on a flexible substrate can be mounted on non-planar surface or even on flexible objects such as a human fingers and arms. The PZT pump can pump the much more precision drug accurately than mechanical pump and the overall size is much smaller than those mechanical pumps. The hollow wall straight microneedle array is fabricated on a flexible silicon substrate by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and anisotropic wet etching techniques. The fabricated hollow microneedles are 200 μm in length and 30 μm in diameter. The microneedle array, which is built with on-board fluid pumps, has potential applications in the chemical and biomedical fields for localized chemical analysis, programmable drug-delivery systems, and very small, precise fluids sampling. The microneedle array has been installed in an insulin pump for demonstration and a leak free packaging is introduced.The support from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China with contract number of 2005AA40420.     

基于CFD的摆线泵进出油腔对容积效率影响的分析

为提高摆线泵的容积效率,优化泵内部的流场分布,减少回流和空化现象.利用CFD方法对摆线泵内部流场进行数值模拟,定量分析月牙状进出油腔对泵容积效率的影响.仿真结果表明,适当减小G0并增大F0可以改善泵的内部流场分布,提高容积效率.仿真结果可以为摆线泵的结构设计提供参考.     

三螺杆泵寿命试验台测控系统设计

为了测试结构参数和使用参数对三螺杆泵性能和使用寿命的影响,设计研发了全自动化寿命测试试验台。通过分析三螺杆泵常见故障,选定输出流量和泵内压力作为寿命评价指标,制定模拟工况下的多因素试验方案和寿命试验流程,确定本测试系统实现功能。本系统基于PLC控制器,采用伺服电机驱动可实现螺杆泵转速的精确调节,设置电磁阀来调节系统油压,运用外部加热器控制油温,应用iFix组态软件实现测试系统参数设置及流量传感器和压力传感器数据的实时显示及数据的存储。本试验台测控系统实现了在模拟工况下三螺杆泵性能及寿命的测试,性能稳定,测试数据精确,为三螺杆泵故障分析和寿命试验研究提供了软硬件支撑。     

Investigation of an efficient shape optimization procedure for centrifugal pump impeller using eagle strategy algorithm and ANN (case study: slurry flow)

Investigation an efficient shape optimization method for centrifugal pump and other turbo-machine is significant to reduce time consumption of process and increase accuracy and modification. For analysis an efficient shape optimization procedure, slurry flow in centrifugal pump is investigated. Since a centrifugal water pump has been not designed to carry out slurry flows, its performance decreases and energy consumption of this kind of pump increases. Therefore, improvement of performance and reduction of energy consumed for these pumps are the major issues. Since the performance of a centrifugal pump strictly depends on its impeller shape, in this study, the shape of impeller was optimized in order to achieve a higher efficiency for slurry flow. To optimize the impeller geometry and to improve the performance of Berkeh 32–160 pump as for the case study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Eagle Strategy (ES) algorithms have been coupled with a validated 3D Navier–Stokes equations for two phase flow based on Eulerian-Eulerian model. In the next step, the pump experimentally tested in an established slurry flow test rig in laboratory. Measured data were used to verify the numerical results of initial pump with slurry flow. Finally, the complete numerical characteristic curves of the pump with the optimized impeller were compared to the validated numerical characteristic curves of that with the initial impeller to verify optimization. An efficiency improvement of 3.33% at only 9.9% increasing of head has been obtained for optimized geometry. The results indicated a reasonable improvement in the optimal design of pump impeller and a higher performance using the ES algorithm. Furthermore the ES and PSO algorithm was compared and results shows that ES is efficient than PSO algorithm in this application and this methodology is more efficient than other surrogate methods.     

一种高效率低功耗的电荷泵设计

在集成电路设计中,随着工艺尺寸越来越小,电路在功耗方面的要求越来越高。设计高效率低功耗的电荷泵（charge pump）,可以提高电荷泵的工作效率,降低整个电路的功耗。这里介绍了一种高效率低功耗的电荷泵,通过仿真图像可以清楚地看到电荷泵的工作情况,看到它是如何实现高效率低功耗的。     

内燃机水泵能效评价方法探讨

内燃机水泵能效评价指标包括泵效率、总效率和燃油消耗率。泵效率来源于泵类产品的能效评价,其方法来源于GB／T24673—2009小型汽油高速离心泵能效评价体系,不足在于测量输入功率时对样机的损坏,导致装配测量误差增加。总效率来源于潜水电泵能效评价,由于输入功率、油料发热值计算的不确定性,致使计算值与真实值误差。燃油消耗率来源于内燃机能效评价,即JB/T6665轻型柴油机泵能效评价体系,其燃油消耗率计算方法欠妥,为内燃机水泵能效评价留下了严重漏洞。本文通过对集中评价方法计算分析,结合试验数据,从参数敏感程度、参数习惯性、参数曲线差异、标准依据、测试方法科学性、测试参数准确性、环境影响等方面做了较深入的分析探讨,发现采用燃油消耗率法评价内燃机水泵能效最优。     

考虑汽蚀影响的给水泵仿真建模及实现

该文根据蒸汽动力装置模拟器的研制需求，讨论了考虑汽蚀影响的给水泵仿真建模和实现方法。蒸汽动力装置中使用的给水泵动态特性变化很大，给水泵作为变转速泵的特性模拟在整个蒸汽动力装置热工水力特性模拟中占有非常重要的地位。由于给水泵性能受汽蚀影响很大，因此考虑汽蚀对给水泵性能的影响对于提高模拟器在正常工况和事故工况下的仿真精度有很大意义。该文构建的模型形式简单，计算精度高，覆盖的给水泵运行工况宽。该文提出的仿真模型和数值方法对于同类型泵的仿真建模和计算分析具有一定的参考价值。     

离心泵变频调速与节流分程协调节能控制

离心泵的变频调速是目前广泛采用的流量调节方法,高效节能是其最大优点,但是当流量降低时,可能造成压头过低而影响后续流程.对此,提出离心泵的变频调速与节流分程协调节能控制方法,当阀后压力大于一定值时,由流量控制器调节离心泵转速以改变泵的出口流量,当阀后压力小于一定值时,由流量控制器调节阀门开度以保持控制点需要的实际压头基本恒定,而中间段由转速和阀门开度协调控制,从而能够同时满足管路控制点所需的压力及流量.实验模拟效果证明了控制方案的可行性,并且流量与压力二者分程协调控制的节能效果显著.