供应链管理环境下企业营销管理决策支持系统的研究

企业实施供应链管理对营销管理决策提出了新的要求,文章在分析了供应链管理环境下企业营销管理决策的目标和功能需求的基础上,重点介绍了一种建立在数据仓库、联机分析处理、数据挖掘技术基础上的营销管理决策支持系统,并给出了系统结构和功能模型。     

基于UML的环境空间决策支持系统的分析与设计

统一建模语言(UML)是一种面向对象,定义明确的可视化系统建模语言,在地理信息系统工程的分析和设计中已逐渐被采用。以福建省海岸带环境调控空间决策支持系统为例,简述了系统建设背景和基本功能需求,研究了统一建模语言(UML)在空间决策支持系统分析和设计中的应用。重点提出了以系统需求用例图、活动图,类图和序列图为核心的UML辅助空间数据建模的基本原理和方法,并结合具体示例给出了基本操作流程过程和软件文档制品,最后给出了系统实现结果的典型用户界面。     

A decision support system for personnel scheduling in a manufacturing environment

A Decision Support System (DSS) is developed to support managers in the task of scheduling labor in the area of manufacturing. The DSS is designed to generate labor requirements by worker category and work center based on master production schedules. It is a PC-based, menu-driven program that generates a capacity plan based on data supplied by the user of the system.     

Developing an effective support system for inquiry learning in a Web-based environment

Abstract Sixty-five teams of basic and secondary school students solved problem-solving tasks during a virtual hike in a Web-based inquiry-learning simulation 'Hiking Across Estonia'. This environment provided learners with all necessary background information for problem-solving and tools for carrying out experiments. There were 25 tasks in certain order about ecological and environmental issues. The teams were clustered according to the data about participants, the results of the pre- and post-test, and their achievement in problem-solving tasks of the virtual hike. Only two out of five clusters were regarded as effective in solving problems and analysing tables, graphs, figures, and photos. The others had difficulties in forming contextual or task and process awareness. A support system for increasing the effectiveness of inquiry learning and enhancing their development of analytical skills was developed on the basis of the strategies that the members of five clusters had used in solving the problems, their achievement in solving the tasks during the virtual hike and in the pre- and post-test, and the personal data about the teams. The support system contained different notes before solving the problems and changed sequence of the tasks on the virtual hike for some clusters. The usage of this system was evaluated in a second study with 60 teams. The comparison of two studies demonstrated significant effectiveness of the support system to both general problem-solving ability and analytical skills. The characteristics of each cluster and the influence of the support system are discussed in this paper.     

A decision support system for real-time order management in a heterogeneous production environment

In today's competitive market, many companies are morphing from the traditional new build, single brand, and silo environments to facilities accommodating diverse business missions. The later are called heterogeneous production environments in which the different business channels share their final production stage (shipping) to enable competitive advantages. In these production environments, at the operational level, the critical success factors are customer satisfaction, on-time delivery, product complexities, supply allocation, and resource utilization. At the strategic level, the success factors are revenue, customer urgency, and sales impact. This study proposes an End-to-End Customer Order Management System (E2E COMS) focusing on effective utilization of individual and shared resources to support real-time order management and mitigate risk of managing diverse missions. The proposed system consists of three integrated tools: Order Prioritization Tool (OPT) to assess and prioritize customer orders for each business channel, Order Fulfillment Progress Projection Tool (OFPPT) to predict the expected remaining order completion time considering inventory and resource capacity constraints, and risk mitigation tool to assess the risk of missing an order shipment due to shipping constraints. A real-time dashboard is developed to visualize the prioritized customer orders, expected time to arrive at the shipping area, shipping instructions, and two-dimensional risk assessment charts. The proposed system can effectively be used for shipping capacity management as well as prompt decision making.     

The evolution of the GANDALF system

The GANDALF System is used to generate highly interactive software development environments. This paper describes some design decisions made during the development of the GANDALF system and the system's applicability to the generation of single-user programming environments and multi-user software development environments.     

Effects of facilitation and leadership on meeting outcomes in a group support system environment

This study investigates the effects of facilitation and leadership on outcomes of meetings involving group support systems (GSS). It extends existing GSS literature by examining the critical roles of facilitation and leadership simultaneously within a single study. A 2×2 factorial controlled laboratory experiment was conducted. A preference task, which had no objective correct answers, was employed. Ten five-person groups completed each treatment. Independent variables were facilitation (with vs without) and leadership (with vs without). During their meetings, facilitators and leaders carried out task and interactional interventions respectively. Dependent variables were measures of meeting success (post-meeting consensus, decision confidence, discussion quality, and process satisfaction). Results reveal that: (1) facilitation appears to raise decision confidence; (2) leadership appears to enhance discussion quality and process satisfaction; (3) in the absence of leadership, facilitation seems to lower post-meeting consensus; and (4) in the absence of facilitation, leadership seems to raise post-meeting consensus. These results are compared with findings from prior related studies. Implications of these results for practice are discussed.     

The functions of a decision support system

The growing literature on decision support systems outlines their principal characteristics and presents case studies of successful systems. This paper reviews the literature, describes six functions that a decision support system may perform for a manager or staff analyst, and introduces a new technique, functional mapping, for representing these systems.     

Human-centred decision support: The IDIOMS system

The requirement for anthropocentric, or human-centred decision support is outlined, and the IDIOMS management information tool, which implements several human-centred principles, is described. IDIOMS provides a flexible decision support environment in which applications can be modelled using both ‘objective’ database information, and user-centred ‘subjective’ and contextual information. The system has been tested on several real applications, demonstrating its power and flexibility. IDIOMS (Intelligent Decision-making In On-line Management Systems) is a collaboration between the National Transputer Support Centre, Sheffield University, Strand Software Technologies Ltd., Bristol Transputer Centre and a high street bank, partially funded by the DTI under the Information Engineering Advanced Technology Programme. The project has demonstrated several technical features which are not detailed in this paper, including a multi-user interface allowing dynamic shared access to data; machine learning strategies for three banking applications; a scalable, modular database engine; and realistic transactions being handled while on-line management information queries are made.     

A decision support system for inventory management in high research & development environment

Inventory management is being discussed recently as one of the key elements for survival and success in the production industry today. Little efforts were made to solve inventory problems in the Hi R&D environment.

In this paper, a prototype of a Microcomputer Based Decision Support is introduced to support decisions for managing Hi R&D inventories. The decisions involve timing and scheduling of purchased components, as well as classification of those items.     

An environment to support micro-incremental class development

Incremental development and testing is widely cited as one advantage of the object-oriented paradigm. To date, most of the work in this area emphasizes incremental development at the macro level, i.e., at the application or class hierarchy levels. We believe that incremental development should also be exploited at the individual class level. In particular, classes may contain a variety of methods that place objects of the class into relatively complex states. By organizing and developing an individual class in an incremental fashion, one can (a) develop and test partial classes and (b) generate simple states for test objects prior to generating more complex ones. This process realizes two benefits: it simplifies debugging by reducing the size of the search space when tracking down defects, and it makes regression testing more efficient. This paper reports on a development environment designed to support micro-incremental class development. This environment integrates several different components and techniques. We discuss each component of the environment individually, and then illustrate the use of the environment in a case study.     

Generic lifecycle support in the ALMA environment

ALMA is an environment kernel supporting the elaboration, analysis, documentation, and maintenance of the various products developed during an entire software lifecycle. Its central component is an environment database in which properties about software objects and relations are collected. Two kinds of tools are provided: high-level tools and syntax-directed tools. A basic feature of the ALMA kernel is its genericity. Tools of the first kind are parameterized on software lifecycle models while tools of the second kind are parameterized on formalisms. Versions of specific models and formalisms are generated by a meta-environment, which also generates the environment database structure tailored to the desired lifecycle model. The database support meta-system and the instatiated database support systems it generates are emphasized, including the architectural design decisions made and the mechanisms introduced for achieving parameterization on lifecycle models     

Toward an environment theory of decision support

This paper introduces the idea of an environment theory to guide and stimulate research in the DSS field. The proposed line of work builds on and synthesizes findings from a fairly diverse body of related work. Here, we identify fundamental propositions that can serve as a guiding framework for further development of the environment theory.     

An integrated environment for organisational decision support

The challenges and requirements associated with the provision of organisational decision support are presented with the aim of supporting the through-life development of network enabled capability (NEC) systems. These requirements were compiled through a review of pertinent literature as well as through a series of workshops held with the industrial sponsor of this research – BAE Systems. An architecture is described here for organisational decision support that was developed from the requirements and was subsequently used to create a prototype integrated decision support environment (IDSE). The IDSE was developed incrementally, adding functionality relating to the provision of organisational decision support (DS) with the performance evaluation after each development stage. A scenario and associated case-study were developed within the NECTISE project and presented here, which allowed the demonstration and evaluation of the first prototype IDSE within four separate live simulations. The evaluation feedback from BAE Systems and the Ministry of Defence representatives suggests that the architecture and prototype implementation of the IDES for the provision of organisational decision support are both relevant and mature for future industrial application.     

The evolution of the operating system EMAS 2900

As a result of experiencing problems with manufacturer's software on the early 2900 machines Edinburgh University took the bold step of attempting to move the general purpose timesharing system EMAS from an ICL 4–75 to an ICL 2970 computer. This paper describes the move together with the changes made and includes some preliminary performance figures from the new system. This implementation project has produced a major time-sharing virtual memory operating system with a fraction of the effort required to implement the original system.     

嵌入式板级支持环境设计与实现

简要说明板级支持环境(board support environment,BSE)的功能及其在嵌入式系统研发中的重要性;设计一个功能完善的板级支持环境系统;该系统具备自引导功能,并可根据用户的命令执行相应的操作;使用这一系统可使嵌入式系统研发脱离对调试器或仿真器的依赖;以MIPS体系结构为例,就实现这一系统的若干关键问题给出解决方案.     

An open digital environment to support business ecosystems

We present a Peer-to-Peer network design which aims to support business activities conducted through a network of collaborations that generate value in different, mutually beneficial, ways for the participating organisations. The temporary virtual networks formed by long-term business transactions that involve the execution of multiple services from different providers are used as the building block of the underlying scale-free business network. We show how these local interactions, which are not governed by a single organisation, give rise to a fully distributed P2P architecture that reflects the dynamics of business activities. The design is based on dynamically formed permanent clusters of nodes, the so-called Virtual Super Peers (VSPs), and this results in a topology that is highly resilient to certain types of failure (and attacks). Furthermore, the proposed P2P architecture is capable of reconfiguring itself to adapt to the usage that is being made of it and respond to global failures of conceptual hubs. This fosters an environment where business communities can evolve to meet emerging business opportunities and achieve sustainable growth within a digital ecosystem.     

An environment for development of decision support systems

As decision support systems gain widespread acceptance among decision makers, the demand for such systems is accelerated. The changing nature of DSS calls for a speedy development. However, the traditional system development techniques do not support the rapid development of such systems. This paper describes an environment for development of decision support systems. This environment offers a set of automatic and semi-automatic tools through which the speedy development of a high-quality DSS is greatly facilitated.     

Data schema evolution support in XML-relational database systems

Many XML-relational systems, i.e., the systems that use an XML schema as an external schema and a relational schema as an internal schema of the data application representation level, require modifications of the data schemas in the course of time. Schema evolution is one of the ways to support schema modifications for the application at the DBMS level. A number of schema evolution support systems for different data models have been suggested. Schema evolution can be applied to mapping-related evolving schemas (such as schemas of XML-relational systems), the transformation problem for which is also known as schema adaptation. In this paper, a survey of various approaches to solving the outlined problems is given.