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《机器人》2016,(5)
针对空间狭小拥挤、地面不平的特殊装配环境,设计了一种5自由度全方位移动装配机器人.该机器人主要由基于4组并联布置的MY(mutual Yo Yo)轮的全方位移动平台和具有2自由度的并联举升机构组成.首先,针对该机器人的全方位运动和并联举升机构的2自由度结构特点,建立了机器人的整体运动学模型,并基于该模型对机器人进行了圆形曲线轨迹仿真.然后,设计双曲线滤波PD(proportional derivative)控制器对机器人的轨迹进行跟踪并分析其轨迹跟踪误差.该控制器能控制平均误差在5 mm左右,且误差随跟踪时间减小而减小.最后,通过实验结果验证了该运动学模型和仿真结果的正确性,且该控制器能迅速并精确地实现其轨迹跟踪,从而进一步验证了该全方位移动装配机器人的优越性. 相似文献
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六自由度机械臂轨迹规划与仿真研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对六自由度链式机械臂在进行正运动学、逆运动学以及轨迹规划仿真时,不易直观地验证运动学算法的正确性和轨迹规划的效果,在正确建立机械臂数学模型的基础上,重点分析了机械臂在关节空间中轨迹规划的两种实现方法,并采用三维运动仿真进行了验证.开发了一套六自由度机械臂三维仿真软件,该仿真软件在VC++6.0开发平台上,首先利用分割类将基于MFC框架的窗口分割成为控制窗口和视图窗口两部分,然后利用OpenGL的图形库对机械臂进行建模,首次将正运动学、逆运动学以及轨迹规划算法融入其中开发而成.该仿真软件有效地验证了机械臂运动学模型建立的正确性,同时也对三次多项式和五次多项式两种轨迹规划方法做了直观的比较,结果表明后一种轨迹规划效果明显优于前一种. 相似文献
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基于回转变换张量的6R机器人运动学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在牧野坐标系下建立了六自由度喷涂机器人的运动学模型,采用回转变换张量法求出了该机器人的正逆运动学解析表达式.算法在VS.NET平台上用组件技术实现并仿真,仿真结果验证了算法的正确性和实时性. 相似文献
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《自动化仪表》2018,(12)
针对现有康复机器人功能单一以及柔顺性不佳的问题,通过分析人体上肢运动中的形态特点,设计了一种六自由度上肢康复机器人结构。该结构能帮助患者完成三个关节的康复运动;同时,肩关节三个自由度轴线交于一点,与人体上肢肩关节轴线相匹配。采用Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H)法,建立了各关节坐标系并推导出运动学方程,并通过计算验证了运动学方程的正确性;然后,运用蒙特卡洛法,计算出上肢康复机器人末端运动空间云图,确定末端空间范围在人体手臂末端运动范围内;最后,利用Adams建立上肢康复机器人虚拟模型,对所建模型进行轨迹仿真。仿真试验验证了上肢康复机器人设计的合理性以及数学模型的正确性,为后续上肢康复机器人的动力学分析奠定了基础。 相似文献
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以投影几何学以及双目立体视觉原理为理论基础,对移动机器人的三维重建技术进行研究,对移动机器人漫道过程中所在的兴趣区域的场景进行较为精确的建模.设计了机器人的快速建模方法,利用迭代最近点算法(ICP),完成了多个局部三维场景模型的融合.同时,结合栅格投射理论,完成了对全局三维场景模型的更新.利用栅格模型重建的三维场景,具有环境信息丰富,模型描述精确的特点,可以应用于移动机器人导航领域. 相似文献
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Virtual manipulator-based binocular stereo vision positioning system and errors modelling 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
There is a bottleneck of mobile robots positioning technologies for uncertain goals in complex field environment. Owing to
the disturbance of the environment, the objects are hard to be located precisely by robot manipulator. Aiming at the positioning
problem, binocular stereo vision system and positioning principle of the picking manipulator in virtual environment (VE) were
proposed and expatiated upon; in addition, the manipulator positioning model was built in VE, and the manipulator positioning
simulation system was developed by Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0; and the binocular stereo vision system platform with a three-coordinate
guideway positioning was constructed for test; what’s more the error sources of vision positioning system was analyzed, and
the camera system error was established; the mathematical model of experimental error and the camera calibration matching
error were also found; with the developed robot manipulator positioning simulation software and vision system hardware, an
experimental platform of positioning system was constructed, and using the platform, the stereo vision data was mapped to
the manipulator and was guiding the accurate positioning in VE. Finally, experiment of positioning error compensation was
carried out. Results of simulation in VE and the experiment showed that the vision positioning method was feasible for positioning
in the field environment; it can be applied to control robot operation and to correct the positioning errors in real-time,
especially to the long-range precision modelling and error compensation of robots. 相似文献
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对水果采摘机械手空间定位机理进行了研究,分析了双目立体视觉系统的定位误差并建立视觉误差补偿机制,利用虚拟机械手开发软件和CCD视觉硬件构建了仿真系统,通过双目立体视觉获取空间位置数据映射到虚拟环境下引导机械手进行模拟采摘。该系统利用多领域知识融合实现了采摘机构与视觉关联精确定位的仿真,能有效地指导实际作业环境中采摘机械手精确定位的优化设计。 相似文献
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以PJR-2X喷砼机器人为例,介绍了一种基于VC++的MFC和OpenGL的人机交互式三维仿真平台的设计方法。该方法采用Solidworks软件对该机器人建模,并将三维模型保存为.STL文件,然后导入3DSMax中确立纹理坐标,输出的3DS文件再导入Deep Exploration中进行三维模型材质、纹理的二次处理,最后通过MFC导入到以OpenGL为标准建立的工作场景中进行场景渲染,从而得到逼真的机器人三维虚拟仿真平台。实际应用表明,该仿真平台能精确表达机器人的正逆运动特性,并能示教演示。 相似文献
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利用SONYEV-D31摄像机和自主研发的摄像机控制模块,构建了一套主动视觉子系统,并将该子系统应用于RIRA-Ⅱ型移动机器人上,实现了移动机器人运动目标自动跟踪功能。RIRA-Ⅱ移动机器人采用了由一组分布式行为模块和集中命令仲裁器组成的基于行为的分布式控制体系结构。各行为模块基于领域知识通过反应方式产生投票,由仲裁器产生动作指令,机器人完成相应的动作。在设置了障碍、窄通道以及模拟墙体的复杂环境下进行运动目标跟踪实验,实验表明运动目标跟踪系统运行可靠,具有较高的鲁棒性。 相似文献
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We present a new approach to visual feedback control using image-based visual servoing with stereo vision. In order to control
the position and orientation of a robot with respect to an object, a new technique is proposed using binocular stereo vision.
The stereo vision enables us to calculate an exact image Jacobian not only at around a desired location, but also at other
locations. The suggested technique can guide a robot manipulator to the desired location without needing such a priori knowledge
as the relative distance to the desired location or a model of the object, even if the initial positioning error is large.
We describes a model of stereo vision and how to generate feedback commands. The performance of the proposed visual servoing
system is illustrated by a simulation and by experimental results, and compared with the conventional method for an assembling
robot.
This work was presented in part at the Fourth International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
19–22, 1999 相似文献
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Large-scale components with complex curved surfaces are the foundation of aerospace, energy, and transportation fields, while full-field 3D measurements along with accuracy analyses are critical to control manufacturing quality. Most of the existing measurement methodologies rely on manual inspection, and the accuracy and efficiency are unsatisfactory. This paper introduces an integrated mobile robotic measurement system for the accurate and automatic 3D measurement of large-scale components with complex curved surfaces. The measurement system is composed of a mobile manipulator, a fringe projection scanner and a stereo vision system, and it can provide accurate noncontact 3D measurements of large-scale complex components. By proposing a hand-eye calibration method and scanning pose tracking method based on a stereo vision system, the local point clouds obtained by scanning along with the movement of the mobile robot around the component can be accurately unified into a common reference frame. The proposed measuring system and method are verified by measuring and reconstructing the whole surface of a wind turbine blade model with a length of 2.8 m. The accuracy evaluation proves the effectiveness of the proposed system and method. 相似文献
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Guillaume Caron El Mustapha Mouaddib Eric Marchand 《Robotics and Autonomous Systems》2012,60(8):1056-1068
The current work addresses the problem of 3D model tracking in the context of monocular and stereo omnidirectional vision in order to estimate the camera pose. To this end, we track 3D objects modeled by line segments because the straight line feature is often used to model the environment. Indeed, we are interested in mobile robot navigation using omnidirectional vision in structured environments. In the case of omnidirectional vision, 3D straight lines are projected as conics in omnidirectional images. Under certain conditions, these conics may have singularities.In this paper, we present two contributions. We, first, propose a new spherical formulation of the pose estimation withdrawing singularities, using an object model composed of lines. The theoretical formulation and the validation on synthetic images thus show that the new formulation clearly outperforms the former image plane one. The second contribution is the extension of the spherical representation to the stereovision case. We consider in the paper a sensor which combines a camera and four mirrors. Results in various situations show the robustness to illumination changes and local mistracking. As a final result, the proposed new stereo spherical formulation allows us to localize online a robot indoor and outdoor whereas the classical formulation fails. 相似文献
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针对并联机器人控制系统比传统串联机器人更加复杂的问题,将虚拟仿真技术应用到并联机器人控制策略的研究上.以三自由度Delta并联机器人为例,为便捷高效实现其控制系统仿真,利用Simulink为仿真平台,结合SimMechanics Link接口软件,提出了三维Pro/E模型转换成SimMechanics模型的建模方法建立机械系统模型,并设计PID控制器模型进行仿真分析.结果表明,该方法为并联机器人控制策略的研究提供了高效的仿真平台,便于展开针对并联机器人特点的各种控制策略的研究. 相似文献
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研究移动机器人在室内环境下集成双目视觉和激光测距仪信息进行障碍物实时检测。由双目视觉系统检测环境获取视差信息,通过直接对视差信息进行地平面拟合的方法快速检测障碍物;拟合过程中采用了随机采样一致性估计算法去除干扰点的影响,提高了障碍物检测的鲁棒性。用栅格地图表示基于机器人坐标系的地平面障碍物信息并对栅格信息进行提取,最后把双目视觉与激光测距得到的栅格信息进行集成。实验表明,通过传感信息集成,移动机器人既得到了充分的障碍物信息,又保证了检测的实时性、准确性。 相似文献