不同入射角下的雷达后向散射系数图像模拟

选择了新疆渭库三角洲(库车县、新和县、沙雅县)为实验区,利用Ulaby和Chapp的后向散射模型分别模拟了HV极化和HH极化的入射角为20°、24°、30°、33°、37°和40°的雷达后向散射系数图像。分析了不同入射角下图像各点后向散射系数值的散点图以及统计特征,得出由于入射角度的变化,两种极化的图像后向散射系数值变化较大,其变化趋势均符合余弦函数曲线分布,且模拟SAR图像很好的保留了地面散射信息。     

极化分解技术在估算植被覆盖地区土壤水分变化中的应用

地表植被覆盖是影响雷达遥感估算土壤水分的主要因素之一。本文探讨了将极化分解技术与植被覆盖地区的一阶散射模型结合估算土壤水分变化的方法。雷达数据经极化目标分解技术分解后得到的双次散射项和一阶植被散射模型的植被-地表的双次散射项一一对应，再利用多时相雷达数据消除植被层后向散射的影响，从而估算出地表土壤水分变化量。最后应用全极化机载雷达数据（AirSAR）对该方法进行了检验，结果表明该方法能够较好的估算植被覆盖地表的土壤水分变化。     

地形坡面对被动微波遥感影响的试验研究

地表起伏所形成的倾斜表面,特别是在山区,受地形坡度和坡向变化的影响,地表的微波辐射特征较之平坦地表发生明显变化。基于地基微波辐射地形试验,模拟星载被动微波辐射计AMSR\|E的观测参数,通过建立地形坡面的地貌微缩景观进行观测,探索地表斜坡对被动微波辐射特征的影响,用AIEM模型 和 Fresnel 方程分别模拟裸土地形坡面的微波辐射特征。结果表明,倾斜坡面对被动微波辐射的亮度温度产生了10~15 K的偏差,由坡度形成的本地入射角改变了地表的有效发射率,并随坡向的变化发生微波极化旋转。经试验数据和模型模拟结果对比,认为AIEM 在考虑了表面粗糙度影响时可以较好地模拟地形坡面的被动微波辐射特征。     

星载SAR遥感影像地形辐射校正——以ALOS PALSAR为例

针对地形起伏造成的SAR图像辐射畸变等问题,在分析SAR成像机理及几何结构的基础上,通过推导,构建了基于规则化散射因子及局部入射角的地形辐射校正模型。以ALOS PALSAR为例,依据DEM与卫星轨道参数,采用R-D定位模型及Muhleman半经验模型,在模拟SAR影像的基础上,建立了真实SAR与DEM之间的映射关系,实现了对原始SAR影像的地理编码,提取了局部入射角、投影角及规则化因子等,进行了地形辐射校正,从而消除了面积效应及地形起伏造成的畸变问题。校正后的图像纹理特征更加均匀,散射系数与局部入射角的线性相关性显著降低。该研究对雷达图像的应用具有一定的借鉴意义。     

双基地海底散射SSA模型角度特性仿真研究

由海底散射引起的混响是影响双基地声纳性能的重要因素之一,为了通过合理配置双基地声纳各角度来减小海底散射对双基地声纳的影响,基于小斜度近似(SSA)理论,建立了双基地海底散射强度模型.给出了散射强度与双基地声纳各角度之间的关系式.仿真结果表明.海底散射强度与双基地声纳各角度配置关系复杂,随着各角度配置的不同,散射强度会有很大的变化,但在镜反射方向上取得最大值.小斜度近似在整个入射角范围内较为准确,是一种处理粗糙面声散射问题的好方法.     

双基地海底散射与角度配置关系仿真研究

海底散射是影响双基地声纳性能的重要因素之一，为了研究海底散射与双基声纳各角度（入射角、散射角和双基地角）配置的关系，该文基于Kirchhoff近似理论和扰动近似理论，建立了双基地海底散射模型，给出了散射强度与双基地声纳各角度之间的明确关系式。针对模型进行仿真实验，结果表明，双基地海底散射与角度配置关系复杂，固定其中一个角度，散射强度会随另外两个角度的变化而变，且有一定的规律性，通过合理角度配置可以减少海底散射对双基地声纳性能的影响。     

土壤湿度微波遥感中的植被散射模型进展

植被是影响土壤湿度微波遥感的主要因子之一,土壤湿度微波遥感的主要任务是建立含有地表土壤信息的植被散射模型。植被散射模型的建立可以加深我们对植被和土壤散射机理的理解,定量分析微波后向散射系数对于各散射因子的敏感性,进一步达到从微波信息中反演土壤湿度的目的。植被散射模型可以分为经验模型、理论模型和半经验模型,各种模型都具有自身的优势和局限性。经验模型的建立比较简单,但一般只适用于特定的研究条件;理论模型是建立在一定的理论基础之上,对于散射因子的考虑相对详尽,但一般模型比较复杂,反演相对困难;半经验模型是前两者的折中,它以植被的宏观物理参量为模型参数,模型的建立和反演比理论模型要简单,但同时也具有一定的理论依据,适用性也较经验模型广。     

基于虚拟场景的森林散射相位中心高度模拟研究

研究使用计算机分形建模方法(L系统)建立一系列具有不同林分高度和密度的阔叶森林(白桦林)场景。然后使用基于扭曲玻恩近似原理发展起来的雷达相干散射模型模拟上述森林场景的后向散射场信息,并提取相应的森林植被散射相位中心高度。进而分析不同雷达系统参数(极化方式,雷达波长,入射角)及森林结构参数(林分高度,林分密度)对散射相位中心高度的影响,为进一步利用相干散射模型进行森林参数定量反演奠定基础。     

基于Bi-Mimics模型的GNSS-R农作物生物量监测理论研究

GNSS-R(GNSS-Reflectometry)遥感从机理上讲属于双站雷达,在一阶辐射传输方程Mimics(Michigan Microwave Canopy Scattering)模型的基础上,将其修改为双站散射模型Bi-Mimics(Bistatic\|Mimics);将模型中的树干层去掉,保留树冠层和地表间的散射机制,发展了适用于农作物的Bi-Mimics模型。利用该模型,模拟分析在GNSS-R工作的L波段农作物的散射特性;根据GNSS-R设置模拟分析了镜像散射系数与农作物生物量之间的关系;并根据双站雷达理论公式,模拟了农作物生物量与接收机信号之间的关系。结果表明GNSS-R从理论上用来研究和监测农作物的生物量存在可行性,但研究工作有待进一步深入。     

S波段超宽带地面电磁散射特性的仿真研究

为了得到超宽带信号的后向电磁散射特性,提出利用计算电磁学中的色散介质FDTD方法解决该问题.首先利用Diamond-Square分形算法生成随机粗糙面,容易控制地形高程差和起伏程度,然后采用类似MIMICS森林散射模型的介质分层方法模拟小麦植被,从而模拟了三维平原小麦地场景,最后对截取的二维场景进行了S波段后向散射特性电磁仿真.仿真结果和参考文献的实验结果基本吻合,接近实际情况,证明了所提算法的有效性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

正~~     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate