Single Image Super-Resolution Reconstruction Technique based on A Single Hybrid Dictionary

A new sparse domain approach is proposed in this paper to realize the single image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction based upon one single hybrid dictionary, which is deduced from the mixture of both the high resolution (HR) image patch samples and the low resolution (LR) ones. Moreover, a linear model is proposed to characterize the relationship between the sparse representations of both the HR image patches and the corresponding LR ones over the same hybrid dictionary. It is shown that, the requirement on the identical sparse representation of both HR and LR image patches over the corresponding HR dictionary and the LR dictionary can be relaxed. It is unveiled that, the use of one single hybrid dictionary can not only provide a more flexible framework to keep the similar sparse characteristics between the HR patches and the corresponding degenerated LR patches, but also to accommodate their differences. On this basis, the sparse domain based SR reconstruction problem is reformulated. Moreover, the proposed linear model between the sparse representations of both the HR patch and the corresponding LR patch over the same hybrid dictionary offers us a new method to interpret the image degeneration characteristics in sparse domain. Finally, practical experimental results are presented to test and verify the proposed SR approach.     

Fast multisensor infrared image super-resolution scheme with multiple regression models

High resolution (HR) infrared (IR) images play an important role in many areas. However, it is difficult to obtain images at a desired resolution level because of the limitation of hardware and image environment. Therefore, improving the spatial resolution of infrared images has become more and more urgent. Methods based on sparse coding have been successfully used in single-image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction. However, the existing sparse representation-based SR method for infrared (IR) images usually encounter three problems. First, IR images always lack detailed information, which leads to unsatisfying IR image reconstruction results with conventional method. Second, the existing dictionary learning methods in SR aim at learning a universal and over-complete dictionary to represent various image structures. A large number of different structural patterns exist in an image, whereas one dictionary is not capable of capturing all of the different structures. Finally, the optimization for dictionary learning and image reconstruction requires a highly intensive computation, which restricts the practical application in real-time systems. To overcome these problems, we propose a fast IR image SR scheme. Firstly, we integrate the information from visible (VI) images and IR images to improve the resolution of IR images because images acquired by different sensors provide complementary information for the same scene. Second, we divide the training patches into several clusters, then the multiple dictionaries are learned for each cluster in order to provide each patch with a more accurate dictionary. Finally, we propose an method of Soft-assignment based Multiple Regression (SMR). SMR reconstructs the high resolution (HR) patch by the dictionaries corresponding to its K nearest training patch clusters. The method has a low level of computational complexity and may be readily suitable for real-time processing applications. Numerous experiments validate that this scheme brings better results in terms of quantization and visual perception than many state-of-the-art methods, while at the same time maintains a relatively low level of time complexity. Since the main computation of this scheme is matrix multiplication, it will be easily implemented in FPGA system.     

自适应加权特征字典与联合稀疏相结合的遥感目标检测

随着分辨率的提高,遥感图像空间包含的有用信息越来越丰富,这使得遥感数据的处理变得更加复杂,容易发生维数灾难并影响识别效果。针对这一情况,提出一种自适应加权特征字典与联合稀疏相结合的遥感图像目标检测方法(GJ-SRC)。首先将训练图像和待测图像进行Gabor变换以提取特征图像。然后计算各个特征值在进行稀疏表示时的贡献权重,通过自适应方法构造特征字典,使字典具有更强的判别能力。最后,提取每一类图像的公共特征和单个图像的私有特征构成联合字典,并利用测试图像稀疏表示进行目标检测识别。为了避免Gabor变换产生的维数灾难,在处理过程中采用PCA方法对特征字典进行降维,以降低计算成本。实验表明,与现有的SRC方法和遥感目标检测方法等相比,所提方法具有较好的检测效果。     

统一最小二乘规则的单幅图像超分辨算法

基于机器学习的超分辨方法是一个很有发展前景的单幅图像超分辨方法,稀疏表达和字典学习是其中的研究热点。针对比较耗时的字典训练与恢复精度不高图像重建,从减小低分辨率(LR)和高分辨率(HR)特征空间之间差异性的角度提出了一种使用迭代最小二乘字典学习算法(ILS-DLA),并使用锚定邻域回归(ANR)进行图像重建的单幅图像超分辨算法。迭代最小二乘法的整体优化过程极大地缩短了低分辨字典/高分辨字典的训练时间,它采用了与锚定邻域回归相同的优化规则,有效地保证了字典学习和图像重建在理论上的一致性。实验结果表明,所提算法的字典学习效果比K-均值奇异值分解(K-SVD)和Beta过程联合字典学习(BPJDL)等算法更高效,图像重建的效果也优于许多优秀的超分辨算法。     

基于半耦合稀疏表达的极低分辨率人脸识别

现有基于学习的人脸超分辨率算法假设高低分辨率特征具有流形一致性（耦合字典学习）,然而低分辨率图像的降质过程使得高低分辨率特征产生了“一对多”的映射关系偏差,减少了极低分辨率图像特征的判决信息,降低了超分辨率重建图像的识别率。针对这一问题,引入了半耦合稀疏字典学习模型,松弛高低分辨率流形一致性假设,同时学习稀疏表达字典和稀疏表达系数之间的映射函数,提升高低分辨率判决特征的一致性,在此基础上,引入协同分类模型,实现半耦合特征的高效分类。实验表明：相比于传统稀疏表达分类算法,算法不仅提高了识别率,并且还大幅度降低了时间开销,验证了半耦合稀疏学习字典在人脸识别中的有效性。     

高光谱图像超分辨率重建技术研究进展

不同于传统图像（如灰度图像、RGB图像等）专注于保存目标场景的空间信息,高光谱图像蕴含丰富的空—谱信息,不仅可以保存目标的空间信息,还可以保存具有高可辨性的光谱信息。因此高光谱图像广泛应用于多种计算机视觉和遥感图像任务中,如目标检测、场景分类和目标追踪等。然而,在高光谱图像获取以及重建过程中仍然存在许多问题与瓶颈。如传统高光谱成像仪器在成像过程中通常会引入噪声,且获得的图像往往具有较低的空间分辨率,极大地影响了高光谱图像的质量,对后续数据分析任务造成了极大的困难。近年来,高光谱图像超分辨率重建技术研究得到了极大的发展,现有超分辨率重建方法可以大致分为两类,一类为空间超分辨率重建方法,可以通过直接提升高光谱图像的空间分辨率来获得高质量高光谱图像;另一类为光谱超分辨率重建方法,可以通过提升高空间分辨率图像的光谱分辨率来生成高质量高光谱图像。本文从高光谱图像超分辨率重建领域的新设计、新方法和应用场景出发,通过综合国内外前沿文献来梳理该领域的主要发展,重点论述高光谱图像超分辨率重建领域的发展现状、前沿动态、热点问题及趋势。     

基于小波域压缩感知的遥感图像超分辨算法

针对单字典表达复杂多样的图像纹理存在一定的局限性的问题,利用压缩感知和小波理论建立了一种多字典遥感图像超分辨算法。首先,对训练图像在小波域的不同频带利用K-奇异值分解（K-SVD）算法建立不同的字典;然后,利用全局限制求取高分辨率图像的初始解;最后,利用正交匹配追踪算法（OMP）对初始解在小波域进行多字典稀疏求解。实验结果表明,相比基于单字典的超分辨重建算法,结果图像的主观视觉效果有很大提高,客观评价指标的峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似度（SSIM）分别提高2.8 dB以上和0.01以上。字典可一次建立重复使用,降低了运算时间。     

基于双稀疏度K-SVD字典学习的遥感影像超分辨率重建

为了通过软件方式增强遥感影像的空间分辨率,提出了一种基于双稀疏度K-SVD字典学习的遥感影像超分辨率重建算法。基于稀疏表示理论,利用K-SVD字典学习算法求解低分辨率字典及其稀疏系数,将稀疏系数传递至高分辨率字典学习空间,形成高、低分辨率字典对,重建得到高分辨率遥感影像,并在字典学习和稀疏重建两个阶段设置了不同的稀疏度。实验分别采用TM5影像、资源三号影像以及USC_SIPI图像库中的遥感影像进行重建,结果表明,不论重建影像有无噪声,所提算法的峰值信噪比和结构相似指标均高于Bicubic法以及Zeyde的算法。K-SVD和双稀疏度参数的引入,不仅减少了字典学习时间,且具有高的空间分辨率提升能力。     

Super-resolution Reconstruction of Remote Sensing Images by Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Compressed Sensing

Super resolution (SR) of remote sensing images is significant for improving accuracy of target identification and for image fusing.Conventional fusion-based methods inevitably result in distortion of spectral information,a feasible solution to the problem is the single-image based super resolution.In this work,we proposed a single-image based approach to super resolution of multiband remote sensing images.The method combines the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition),compressed sensing and PCA to dictionary learning and super resolution reconstruction of remote sensing color image.First,the original image is decomposed into a series of IMFs(Intrinsic Mode Function) according to their frequency component by using EMD,and the super resolution is implemented only on IMF1,which includes high-frequency component;then the K-SVD algorithm is used to learn and obtain overcomplete dictionaries,and the MOP (Orthogonal Matching Pursuit) algorithm is used to reconstruct the IMF1;Finally,the up-scaled IMF1 is combined with other IMFs to acquire the super resolution of original image.For a multiband image reconstruction,a PCA transform is first implemented on multiband image,and the PC1 is adopted for learning to get overcomplete dictionaries,the obtained dictionaries is then used to super-resolution reconstruction of each multi-spectral band.The Geoeye-1 panchromatic and multi-spectral images are used as experimental data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.The results show that the proposed method is workable to exhibit the detail within the images.     

Learning graph-constrained cascade regressors for single image super-resolution

Learning cascade regression has been shown an effective strategy to further enhance the perceptual quality of resulted high-resolution (HR) images. However, previous cascade regression-based SR methods have two obvious weaknesses: (1)edge structures cannot be preserved well when applying texture features to represent low-resolution (LR) images, and (2)the local manifold structures spanned by the LR-HR feature spaces cannot be revealed by the learned local linear mappings. To alleviate the aforementioned problems, a novel example regression-based super-resolution (SR) approach called learning graph-constrained cascade regressors (LGCCR) is presented, which learns a group of multi-round residual regressors in a unique way. Specifically, we improve the edge preservation capability by synthesizing the whole HR image rather than local image patches, which facilitates to extract the edge features to represent LR images. Moreover, we utilize a graph-constrained regression model to build the local linear regressors, where each local linear regressor responds to an anchored atom in the learned over-complete dictionary. Both quantitative and qualitative quality evaluations on seven benchmark databases indicate the superiority of the proposed LGCCR-based SR approach in comparing with other state-of-the-art SR predecessors.

     

基于稀疏表示的旋转鲁棒遥感影像特征提取

针对高空间分辨率遥感影像的特征提取问题,提出一种基于稀疏表示的提取方法。通过学习,从大量的自然图像中获得过完备字典,对其中每个原子进行多个方向的旋转,从而扩展该字典。利用扩展的字典对遥感影像进行稀疏编码,并将稀疏编码非零元素个数限定为1,对非零元素的位置统计直方图进行池化处理后,通过归一化获得影像的特征。实验结果表明,与传统的特征提取方法相比,该方法可以有效提取遥感影像的特征,并且对遥感纹理影像的旋转具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Multitask dictionary learning and sparse representation based single-image super-resolution reconstruction

Recent researches have shown that the sparse representation based technology can lead to state of art super-resolution image reconstruction (SRIR) result. It relies on the idea that the low-resolution (LR) image patches can be regarded as down sampled version of high-resolution (HR) images, whose patches are assumed to have a sparser presentation with respect to a dictionary of prototype patches. In order to avoid a large training patches database and obtain more accurate recovery of HR images, in this paper we introduce the concept of examples-aided redundant dictionary learning into the single-image super-resolution reconstruction, and propose a multiple dictionaries learning scheme inspired by multitask learning. Compact redundant dictionaries are learned from samples classified by K-means clustering in order to provide each sample a more appropriate dictionary for image reconstruction. Compared with the available SRIR methods, the proposed method has the following characteristics: (1) introducing the example patches-aided dictionary learning in the sparse representation based SRIR, in order to reduce the intensive computation complexity brought by enormous dictionary, (2) using the multitask learning and prior from HR image examples to reconstruct similar HR images to obtain better reconstruction result and (3) adopting the offline dictionaries learning and online reconstruction, making a rapid reconstruction possible. Some experiments are taken on testing the proposed method on some natural images, and the results show that a small set of randomly chosen raw patches from training images and small number of atoms can produce good reconstruction result. Both the visual result and the numerical guidelines prove its superiority to some start-of-art SRIR methods.     

Multi-sensor image super-resolution with fuzzy cluster by using multi-scale and multi-view sparse coding for infrared image

Super-resolution (SR) methods are effective for generating a high-resolution image from a single low-resolution image. However, four problems are observed in existing SR methods. (1) They cannot reconstruct many details from a low-resolution infrared image because infrared images always lack detailed information. (2) They cannot extract the desired information from images because they do not consider that images naturally come at different scales in many cases. (3) They fail to reveal different physical structures of low-resolution patch because they extract features from a single view. (4) They fail to extract all the different patterns because they use only one dictionary to represent all patterns. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel SR method for infrared images. First, we combine the information of high-resolution visible light images and low-resolution infrared images to improve the resolution of infrared images. Second, we use multiscale patches instead of fixed-size patches to represent infrared images more accurately. Third, we use different feature vectors rather than a single feature to represent infrared images. Finally, we divide training patches into several clusters, and multiple dictionaries are learned for each cluster to provide each patch with a more accurate dictionary. In the proposed method, clustering information for low-resolution patches is learnt by using fuzzy clustering theory. Experiments validate that the proposed method yields better results in terms of quantization and visual perception than the state-of-the-art algorithms.     

Integrated fusion framework based on semicoupled sparse tensor factorization for spatio-temporal–spectral fusion of remote sensing images

Remote sensing image fusion is considered a cost effective method for handling the tradeoff between the spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions of current satellite systems. However, most current fusion methods concentrate on fusing images in two domains among the spatial, temporal and spectral domains, and a few efforts have been made to comprehensively explore the relationships of spatio-temporal–spectral features. In this study, we propose a novel integrated spatio-temporal–spectral fusion framework based on semicoupled sparse tensor factorization to generate synthesized frequent high-spectral and high-spatial resolution images by blending multisource observations. Specifically, the proposed method regards the desired high spatio-temporal–spectral resolution images as a four-dimensional tensor and formulates the integrated fusion problem as the estimation of the core tensor and the dictionary along each mode. The high-spectral correlation across the spectral domain and the high self-similarity (redundancy) features in the spatial and temporal domains are jointly exploited using the low dimensional and sparse core tensors. In addition, assuming that the sparse coefficients in the core tensors across the observed and desired image spaces are not strictly the same, we formulate the estimation of the core tensor and the dictionaries as a semicoupled sparse tensor factorization of available heterogeneous spatial, spectral and temporal remote sensing observations. Finally, the proposed method can exploit the multicomplementary spatial, temporal and spectral information of any combination of remote sensing data based on this single unified model. Experiments on multiple data types, including spatio-spectral, spatio-temporal, and spatio-temporal–spectral data fusion, demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.     

基于残差的图像超分辨率重建

提出一种基于图像残差的超分辨率重建算法.以原高分辨率图像与插值放大后图像之间的图像残差与低分辨率图像样本特征作为样本对,对其进行K均值分类,并对每类样本对采用KSVD(K-singular value decomposition)方法进行训练获得高、低分辨率字典对,然后根据测试样本与类中心的欧氏距离选择字典对,以与测试样本相近的多个类别所重建的结果加权获得图像残差,并结合低分辨率图像的插值结果获得高分辨率图像.实验结果表明,提出的方法具有更高的重建质量,且采用训练样本分类和相近类别的重建结果的加权和有利于提高图像重建质量.     

基于机器学习的遥感图像超分辨综述

综述了基于机器学习的遥感图像超分辨重建技术的研究和发展。基于机器学习的遥感图像超分辨率重建技术通过学习低分辨图像与高分辨图像之间映射的关系,提升遥感图像的空间分辨率,从而有助于遥感图像的视觉分析。根据数据表达方法的不同将基于机器学习的遥感图像超分辨方法分为两类,包括基于字典学习的方法和基于深度学习的方法;简述了各类方法针对的问题,分析其设计思路和实现原理;对各类方法的优缺点和性能指标进行了对比分析;总结了遥感图像超分辨面临的问题和难点,并对未来发展的趋势进行了展望。     

Hyperspectral image super-resolution through clustering-based sparse representation

Promoting the spatial resolution of hyperspectral sensors is expected to improve computer vision tasks. However, due to the physical limitations of imaging sensors, the hyperspectral image is often of low spatial resolution. In this paper, we propose a new hyperspectral image super-resolution method from a low-resolution (LR) hyperspectral image and a high resolution (HR) multispectral image of the same scene. The reconstruction of HR hyperspectral image is formulated as a joint estimation of the hyperspectral dictionary and the sparse codes based on the spatial-spectral sparsity of the hyperspectral image. The hyperspectral dictionary is learned from the LR hyperspectral image. The sparse codes with respect to the learned dictionary are estimated from LR hyperspectral image and the corresponding HR multispectral image. To improve the accuracy, both spectral dictionary learning and sparse coefficients estimation exploit the spatial correlation of the HR hyperspectral image. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms several state-of-art hyperspectral image super-resolution methods in objective quality metrics and visual performance.

     

K均值聚类和支持向量数据描述的图像超分辨率算法

目的 为了提高图像超分辨率算法对数据奇异点的鲁棒性,提出一种采用K均值聚类和支持向量数据描述的图像超分辨率重建算法(Kmeans-SVDD)。方法 训练过程:首先用K均值聚类算法将训练图像的近似子带划分为若干类,然后用支持向量数据描述去除每类数据的奇异点,最后在小波域内用主成分分析训练近似子带和细节子带字典。测试过程:根据同一场景高低分辨率图像近似子带相似这一现象,首先将待重建低分辨率测试图像的近似子带作为相应高分辨率测试图像的近似子带,然后由训练得到的字典恢复出高分辨率测试图像的细节子带,最后通过逆小波变换得到高分辨率测试图像。结果 相比于当前双三次插值、Zeyde、ANR与Kmeans-PCA算法,Kmeans-SVDD算法重建的高分辨率测试图像的平均峰值信噪比依次提高了1.82 dB、0.37 dB、0.30 dB、0.15 dB。结论 通过大量实验发现,在字典训练之前加入SVDD过程可以去除离群点,提高字典质量。在小波域中将各频带分开重建,可避免低频图像中包含的不可靠高频信息对超分辨率结果的影响,从而恢复出可靠的高频信息。     

基于学习的图像超分辨重建方法综述

全面综述了基于学习的单帧图像超分辨重建技术的研究与发展。基于学习的单帧图像超分辨重建借助机器学习技术,通过学习低分辨与高分辨图像之间的映射关系估计低分辨图像中丢失的高频细节,以获得边缘清晰、纹理细节丰富的高质量图像。根据超分辨重建过程中实例样本使用方式和学习算法的不同,已有基于学习的超分辨重建方法可分为五种类型,包括基于[k]近邻学习的方法、基于流形学习的方法、基于字典学习的方法、基于实例多线性回归的方法和基于深度学习的方法。对每类方法的主要思想和具有代表性的方法进行了详细介绍,对六种具有代表性的基于学习的超分辨重建方法的重建结果进行了比较和分析。最后,对基于学习的超分辨重建技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

最优方向耦合字典学习的遥感影像超分辨率重建

针对遥感影像超分辨率重建问题,提出了一种改进联合字典学习的超分辨率重建模型。利用最优方向字典更新算法进行耦合字典对的学习,将由低分辨率字典学习得到的稀疏系数传递至高分辨率字典学习空间,形成高、低分辨率字典对,重建得到高分辨率遥感影像。该算法通过优化,实现训练样本自动截取,通过验证实验表明：与已有的经典算法相比,提出的算法定量评价指标有明显改善,同时,在字典学习过程中所需时间远少于现有经典算法,大大提高了遥感影像重建的效率,其重建影像更加清晰,几何纹理结构更加明显,证明了该算法的高效性。