公平的安全多方计算协议

公平性是安全多方计算中的一个重要性质,它保证所有参与者都能获得自己的输出,然而在大多数参与者不诚实的情况下,不可能实现完全公平性。为此,在恶意模型下,采用承诺方案及分割选择技术,提出一个基于混淆电路的安全多方计算协议。分析结果表明,该协议在诚实参与者人数t≥4的情形下满足多方计算的安全性,并且实现公平性。     

理性的安全两方计算协议

在传统的安全两方计算协议中,一方在得到计算结果后,可能会告诉另一方一个错误的结果,或者立即中断协议,这样不能保证协议的完全公平性.针对此问题,结合博弈论和密码学理论,提出一种理性的安全两方计算协议.首先假设理性的参与者最大的利益是得到计算结果,其次是越少的其他人得到结果越好.然后,研究了参与者遵守和背离协议的策略、效用和动机,构建了安全两方计算的博弈模型.在所设计的协议中,参与者遵守协议是参与者的最优策略,任何参与者的欺骗行为都能被检验,参与者背离协议,没有遵守协议的收益大,这样参与者有动机发送真实的数据,最终,每个参与者都能得到计算结果.分析表明,协议是安全和公平的.     

基于LWE两方数相等的保密计算协议

保密地比较两方数是否相等是安全多方计算（SMC）问题中重要的研究内容,其在数据挖掘、在线推荐服务、在线预定服务、医药数据库等领域有着重要应用。针对半诚实模型下两方保密比较协议无法抵抗恶意攻击的问题,提出一种恶意模型下两方数相等的保密计算协议,采用基于格上差错学习（LwE）困难性问题的公钥加密机制和Paillier加密方案,使得存在恶意攻击者的情况下能够阻止恶意攻击行为发生,同时证明协议在恶意模型下是安全的。分析结果表明,该协议执行完成后不会泄露通信双方的私有信息,与半诚实模型下两方保密比较协议相比,能有效抵抗恶意攻击者的攻击,为SMC通信提供了较好的解决方案。     

利用区块链构建公平的安全多方计算

针对安全多方计算（MPC）中大部分参与者不诚实情况下无法获得公平性这一问题,基于区块链智能合约构造惩罚机制,提出了公平的安全MPC协议。协议分为两个阶段,分别为基于可验证秘密共享的MPC阶段和公平的秘密重建阶段,参与方只要收集t+1个正确份额即可得到最终输出。协议利用同态承诺来验证秘密份额的正确性,使用超时机制来判别恶意参与方的提前终止行为,并对恶意方进行经济惩罚。安全性分析表明诚实参与方能够获得最终输出,否则将得到经济补偿;性能分析表明参与方只需缴纳一轮押金并且大量复杂的秘密份额验证工作都在链下,协议的执行效率得到保证。     

公平理性委托计算协议

传统委托计算的验证过程计算和通信开销较高,且参与者要么诚实,要么邪恶;理性委托计算是引入理性参与者,通过效用函数来保障计算结果的可靠性.本文首先在委托计算中引入博弈论,给出了唯一稳定均衡解.其次,基于比特币和Micali-Rabin的随机向量表示技术,设计一种新的理性委托计算协议.针对协议的公平性问题,参与双方分别提交特殊构造的比特币押金,保障参与者双方的利益;针对验证复杂问题,运用Micali-Rabin的随机向量表示技术,验证过程简单高效,且不会泄漏关于计算结果的任何信息.最后,安全性和性能分析结果表明,该协议不但解决了传统委托计算的验证复杂问题,同时保证了诚实者的利益.     

抗合谋理性多秘密共享方案

提出了一种可抗合谋的理性多秘密共享方案。分析了成员合谋行为及防范对策,设计了可计算防合谋均衡方法,构建了预防参与者合谋的博弈模型,使得参与者所采取的策略满足可计算防合谋均衡,合谋成员不清楚当前轮是真秘密所在轮,还是检验参与者诚实度的测试轮,参与者采取合谋策略的期望收益没有遵守算法的收益大,因此,理性的参与者没有动机 合谋攻击。另外,在方案中分发者不用为参与者分配秘密份额,在秘密重构阶段,无需可信者参与,也没有利用安全多方计算。最终,每位参与者可以得到多个秘密。解决了参与者合谋问题及理性单秘密共享效率低下的问题。     

一种基于反馈的信任生成算法

安全多方计算中一般合作计算者之间互不信任,为保护私有信息通常采用零信息泄漏的安全策略,从而增加了合作计算复杂性和通信复杂性.提出了一种基于反馈的信任生成算法,通过参与者的历史行为评估其信任度,将参与者的信任度量化表示.根据参与者的信任度采取相应级别的安全措施,可降低合作的计算复杂性和通信复杂性,隔离信任值低的恶意参与者.仿真实验结果表明,该算法在安全多方计算环境中可有效遏制恶意参与者,提高合作成功率.     

基于欧拉函数秘密分享的RSA私钥的理性分布计算(英文)

随着分布式计算的发展,分布式计算环境中的安全性问题变得越来越突出。基于RSA算法的分布式认证和分布式数据加密等安全性机制也取得了长足的发展。不过,这些机制中大部分是基于传统密码协议中参与者类型的假设:半诚实或恶意的。本文从假设参与者是理性的这一视角出发,设计了基于RSA欧拉函数秘密分享的RSA私钥的分布式计算协议。协议中所有的参与者均是理性的,他们以自我利益为驱动。所有的参与者均采取遵守协议的执行这一策略形成了纳什均衡,并且该策略是不能严格劣势剔除的。     

关于除法的安全双方计算协议

安全多方计算是现代密码学领域中一个非常重要的分支,也是信息安全方向一个重要的研究内容。利用安全多方计算协议,一方面可以充分实现网上的互连合作,另一方面又可保证秘密的安全性。近年来,很多学者在半诚实模型下给设计出了一些基础协议,但关于恶意模型的协议的研究相对较少,给出了有关除法的几个协议,并分别对半诚实模型和恶意模型都给出了具体的安全双方计算协议。     

同态加密方案及安全两点直线计算协议

近年来,安全多方计算一直是密码领域的一个研究热点,保密几何计算是其一个重要分支.过两私有点坐标安全地计算一条直线问题在空间信息安全方面有重要应用前景.本文首先提出一个由加密方计算（或选取）加密底数的Paillier变体同态加密方案,并证明了其在标准模型下对适应性选择明文攻击（adaptive chosen-plaintext attack,CPA）是安全的.然后在半诚实模型下,基于该变体同态加密方案设计了一个能够安全计算过两私有点直线的协议.还可以将此协议推广应用到那些可以归约为安全计算两私有点坐标差商的所有安全多方几何计算问题,从而解决了原有的基于同态加密体制的安全两方计算协议存在的信息泄露问题.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate