平面应力问题新型广义有限元法

结合广义有限元和理性有限元的优势,针对平面应力问题提出一种新型广义四边形单元.该单元考虑泊松效应,以节点位移自由度约束弹性力学平面应力方程的半解析解,构造单元位移模式的附加项,较准确地反映真实位移场,提高单元的计算精度.推导新型广义单元及其等参单元的形函数公式,设计分片试验和数值算例验证单元的精度.数值算例结果表明：在规则网格和非规则网格下新单元的计算精度均优于传统有限元和广义有限元.新单元具有精度高且易于程序实现的特点,可推广应用到实际工程的结构分析中.     

一种四边形广义协调薄板弯曲单元

为了降低位移型任意四边形薄板弯曲有限元构造的难度,基于修正最小势能变分原理,提出了一种新的广义协调位移的设计方法,并且构造出一种任意四边形网格下的位移型薄板弯曲单元Q8P。这种单元能够通过常应力分片检查,当弯矩,扭矩和横向剪力沿着单元边界的分布为常值时,由于位移在单元边界非逐点协调而产生的附加能量为零。这种新型的广义协调单元保证了有限元解的收敛性,计算效率高,具有较高的数值精度,并且对网格畸变不敏感。     

基于面积坐标和解析试函数的薄板元

为体现离散法与解析法的互补和渗透,构造基于第二类四边形面积坐标的广义协调薄板元AATF-BQ4;根据薄板理论的控制方程,采用Kirchhoff直法线假设求解基本解析解,并作为试函数构造单元AATF-BQ4.数值算例表明,单元AATF-BQ4具有较高的精度和较好的稳定性,适用于实际工程计算应用.     

平面薄膜自由振动的有限元分析

构造6节点三角形单元,适合于平面薄膜自由振动的有限元分析.文中采用面积坐标,给出单元的形函数,根据哈密顿原理建立薄膜自由振动方程,推导其单元刚度矩阵和单元质量矩阵.3个典型算例表明,6节点三角形单元的计算结果比ANSYS三角形单元更接近理论解,具有更高的精度.     

非常规四边形板元(QUUNC元)——非常规单元系列(Ⅲ)

本文提出一种非常规四边形板元(QUUNC元).这种新单元的刚度矩阵采用作者所提出的新列式方法来构造.因此,与已有四边形板元相比,QUUNC元的结构更简单,计算量更少和编程更容易.     

绝对节点坐标法下斜率不连续问题处理方法讨论

Shabana提出的绝对节点坐标法,引入节点斜率坐标作为节点自由度描述转动.对于由梁板壳及块体组成的组合结构,在结构节点处相交单元的节点斜率自由度不连续,这给组合结构的建模和分析带来特殊的困难.本文讨论了文献中研究斜率不连续问题时的处理办法.在简要介绍绝对节点坐标法后,详细地讨论了经典折梁算例和截面呈阶梯变化的直梁算例中斜率不连续问题.对这两个算例,本文采用约束函数法和现有文献中的转换坐标方法,计算了在结构节点处相交杆件的轴向应变,对比这些数值结果,本文指出现有文献中的转换坐标办法,忽视了斜率自由度和转角自由度的差别,从而不能正确给出斜率不连续处相交杆件的轴向应变,需要进一步研究.     

不完备决策表的扩展差别矩阵规则获取方法

针对不完备决策表,通过引入扩展差别矩阵,利用基数排序对广义决策值进行划分,只比较广义决策值不同的对象,并且记录对应的条件属性值,克服了计算过程中反复检查属性值对与广义决策值是否冲突的缺点,从而优化了算法。实例分析结果说明了该方法的正确性和优越性。     

关于矩阵指数的PADE逼近新算法

基于广义逆矩阵Pade逼近的特点是在保持逼近阶的前提下,在构造过程中不需要 用到矩阵的乘法运算.利用该结果建立矩阵指数etA的一种新的非线性逼近算法.该方法与原 Pade近似法相比具有明显的优点,即它对奇异矩阵和高阶矩阵是适用的,并且所得到的算法 适合编程上机进行计算.给出的一个计算实例说明了算法的有效性.逼近公式的存在性和唯 一性得到了证明.     

基于刚体运动与弹性运动的机械系统动力学建模研究

讨论了具有刚体运动与柔性变形的机械系统的动力学建模,将刚体自由度与弹性变形自由度看作广义坐标,利用有限元法对具有刚性运动与弹性变形的机械系统的运动与变形进行了描述,得到了以刚体位移与弹性变形位移表示的单元的广义惯性力;从应力应变入手,得到了表示单元弹性变形与几何非线性变形的结构刚度矩阵与几何非线性刚度矩阵,使用Kane方程推导了弹性连杆机构的单元运动方程,这种建模方法,可以使用在任意结构的机械系统。     

三维实体单元与壳单元之间位移协调性研究

在实际中经常会遇到三维连续体和薄壁板壳组成的结构,为模拟其真实力学特性,对其进行有限元分析时需将其分别离散为三维实体单元与板壳单元。即使这两种单元在交接处有共用节点,板单元与实体单元之间的连接由于本身自由度的不同使转动自由度不连续,导致计算结果与实际偏差很大。对实体单元和壳单元交界面节点进行坐标转换,确定适当的独立参数,得到交界面上节点自由度和独立参数之间的转换关系。利用ANSYS软件,使用过渡元法实现实体单元与板壳单元的组合建模。     

Mixed isoparametric elements for saint-venant torsion

Mixed isoparametric elements are presented for the Saint-Venant torsion problem of laminated and anisotropic bars. Both triangular and quadrilateral elements are considered. The “generalized” element stiffness matrix is obtained by using a modified form of the Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle. Group-theoretic techniques are used in conjunction with computerized symbolic integration to obtain analytic expressions for the stiffness coefficients. The accuracy of the mixed isoparametric elements developed is demonstrated by means of numerical examples, and their advantages over commonly used stress and displacement elements are discussed.     

Membrane elements insensitive to distortion using the quadrilateral area coordinate method

Two 4-node quadrilateral membrane elements, denoted as AGQ6-I and AGQ6-II, have been developed in this paper. Instead of the traditional isoparametric coordinate, the quadrilateral area coordinates were used to establish the formulations of the new elements. And several generalized conforming conditions were then introduced to determine all unknown parameters. Numerical examples showed that the presented elements exhibit excellent performances in both regular and distorted mesh divisions. They could even yield exact solutions for pure bending problems under distorted meshes and provide lock-free solutions for the MacNeal’s test problem of trapezoidal locking. Besides, the weak patch test was conducted to guarantee the convergence of both new elements. It has also been demonstrated that the area coordinate method is an efficient tool for developing simple, effective and reliable serendipity plane membrane elements.     

Nonlinear shell analysis via mixed isoparametric elements

Mixed isoparametric elements are presented for the geometrically nonlinear analysis of laminated composite shells. The analytical formulation is based on a form of the nonlinear shallow shell theory with the effects of shear deformation, material anisotropy and bending-extensional coupling included. The fundamental unknowns consist of the 13 stress resultants and generalized displacements of the shell. The generalized stiffness matrix is obtained by using a modified form of the Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle. Both triangular and quadrilateral elements are considered. The accuracy of the mixed isoparametric elements developed is demonstrated by means of numerical examples and their advantages over commonly-used displacement elements are discussed. Also, computational procedures are presented for the efficient evaluation of the elemental matrices and for overcoming the difficulties associated with the large, sparse system of equations of the mixed models thus making them competitive with displacement models.     

Mixed isoparametric finite element models of laminated composite shells

Mixed shear-flexible isoparametric elements are presented for the stress and free vibration analysis of laminated composite shallow shells. Both triangular and quadrilateral elements are considered. The “generalized” element stiffness, consistent mass, and consistent load coefficients are obtained by using a modified form of the Hellinger-Reissner mixed variational principle. Group-theoretic techniques are used in conjunction with computerized symbolic integration to obtain analytic expressions for the stiffness, mass and load coefficients. A procedure is outlined for efficiently handling the resulting system of algebraic equations.The accuracy of the mixed isoparametric elements developed is demonstrated by means of numerical examples, and their advantages over commonly used displacement elements are discussed.     

Investigation of different isoparametric axisymmetric crack tip elements applied to a complete circumferential surface crack in a pipe

Standard isoparametric finite elements can be used as special crack tip elements in fracture mechanical computations by appropriately shifting the middle nodes in the neighbourhood of the crack tip. Such elements have already been applied to several plane and three-dimensional problems so that this method can be considered as commonly well accepted. In this paper the application of isoparametric axisymmetric elements as crack tip elements to a particular axisymmetric problem is studied. For that reason a complete circumferential crack at the inner surface of a pipe under axial tension is considered. The calculated stress intensity factors are compared with results from the literature. The general purpose finite element programs ASKA and ADINA have been used. In the first case triangular and quadrilateral elements were investigated, in the latter case quadrilateral and collapsed quadrilateral elements. In spite of the rather coarse grids good results for the stress intensity factor were found with the only exception of the collapsed quadrilateral elements.     

Basis for isoparametric stress elements

The family of the so-called ‘isoparametric strain (displacement) elements’ is restricted to membranes and solids. The reason for this restriction has led to the development of a new family based on stress assumptions; these elements will be referred to as ‘isoparametric stress elements’. This family contains plates and solids but no membranes. The omission of a particular element in each family is consistent with the plate-membrane analogies. The basic flexibility matrix of an isoparametric stress element is singular since the zero stress state is directly included. The rank technique is adopted to automatically extract the zero stress modes such that the element can be completely interchangeable between any finite element system. The theory for stress assumed isoparametric “quadrilateral” plate bending elements with curved boundaries is given. A brief presentation of the theory for isoparametric stress solid elements is also included.     

On application of differential geometry to computational mechanics

Developments in the fields of computational science—the finite element method—and mathematical foundations of continuum mechanics result in many new algorithms which give solutions to very complicated, complex, large scaled engineering problems. Recently, the differential geometry, a modern tool of mathematics, has been used more widely in the domain of the finite element method. Its advantage in defining geometry of elements [13–15] or modeling mechanical features of engineering problems under consideration [4–7] is its global character which includes also insight into a local behavior. This fact comes from the nature of a manifold and its bundle structure, which is the main element of the differential geometry.

Manifolds are generalized spaces, topological spaces. By attaching a fiber structure to each base point of a manifold, it locally resembles the usual real vector spaces; e.g. ³. The properties of a differential manifold M are independent of a chosen coordinate system. It is equivalent to say, that there exists smooth or C^r differentiable atlases which are compatible.

In this paper a short survey of applications of differential geometry to engineering problems in the domain of the finite element method is presented together with a few new ideas.

The properties of geodesic curves have been used by Yuan et al. [13–15], in defining distortion measures and inverse mappings for isoparametric quadrilateral hybrid stress four- and eight-node elements in ². The notion of plane or space curves is one of the elementary ones in the theory of differential geometry, because the concept of a manifold comes from the generalization of a curve or a surface in ³.

Further, the real global nature of differential geometry, has been used by Simo et al. [4,6,7]. A geometrically exact beam finite strain formulation is defined. The mechanical basis of such a nonlinear model can be found in the mathematical foundation of elasticity [18]. An abstract infinite dimensional manifold of mappings, a configuration space, is constructed which permits an exact linearization of algorithms, locally. A similar approach is used by Pacoste [5] for beam elements in instability problems.

Special attention is focused on quadrilateral hybrid stress membrane elements with curved boundaries which belong to a series of isoparametric elements developed by Yuan et al. [14]. The distortion measures are redefined for eight-node isoparametric elements in ² for which geodesic coordinates are used as local coordinates.     

含曲率的水平集方程在非结构四边形网格上的数值离散方法

在非结构四边形网格上,含曲率的水平集方程采用伽辽金等参有限元方法空间离散,时间离散采用半隐格式．离散形成的线性方程组的系数矩阵是对称的稀疏矩阵,采用共轭梯度法求解．数值算例表明,在笛卡儿网格和随机网格上,含曲率的水平集方程离散格式可达到近似二阶精度．重新初始化方程的离散格式精度可达到近似一阶精度．给出了非结构四边形网格上不光滑界面以曲率收缩的运动过程．在不采用重新初始化的情况下,收缩过程未出现不稳定现象．