分布式聚集函数支持的内存OLAP并行查询处理技术

根据OLAP查询的特点和内存数据库的性能特征提出了由多个内存数据库组成的并行OLAP查询处理系统,将OLAP应用中的多维聚集查询分布到各个计算节点并行进行聚集计算,并将聚集计算的结果进行合并输出.与其他并行处理方法相比,该算法充分利用OLAP DB结构中维表远小于事实表的特性,根据数据库中事实表的数据量和节点的数据处理能力进行水平数据库分片,并根据聚集函数的可分布计算特性提高查询处理的并行度,延迟并行查询处理中的合并过程,充分利用节点的并行处理能力,减少并行查询处理过程中的数据通信量,提高系统并行查询处理性能.该算法易于实现,具有较好的可扩展性和性能,适用于企业级海量数据处理领域的需求.     

海量数据分析的One-size-fits-all OLAP技术

传统的OLAP被迅速膨胀的海量数据推动进入了大规模数据分析时代,其主要特点是存储密度大,计算强度大,需要大规模并行存储和处理能力.无论是传统的并行数据库技术还是热点的MapReduce技术都不得不面对海量数据在大规模并行处理环境下的性能和并行处理效率的问题.以星型模型上复杂多表连接为基础的OLAP算法的复杂度和并行处理...     

内存OLAP多核并行查询优化技术研究

随着以大内存和多核为代表的计算机硬件技术的发展,以cache-conscious算法为中心的查询优化技术逐渐转向以multicore-conscious为中心的查询优化技术,来提高多核处理器的并行处理性能.该文的研究目标是具备复杂星型连接特点的联机分析处理OLAP技术,以查询执行代价最大的星型连接为研究对象,提出同时满足cache-conscious和multicore-conscious的多核并行连接算法DDTA-MPJ.该算法包括基于事实表水平分片和维属性列共享访问模式的查询内多核并行算法IntraDDTA-MPJ、基于QuerySlots的查询间多核并行算法InterDDTAMPJ以及中位数多核并行算法Median-MPJ.实验结果表明该算法具有良好且稳定的并行查询处理性能,线性查询处理模型能够更好地利用多核处理器的先进性能.     

数据仓库中雪花模式的Skyline-Join查询

Skyline查询能够有效地实现多目标最优化,而数据仓库中的OLAP也是针对多维数据进行分析,因此,针对Skyline查询在数据仓库中的应用,提出了数据仓库中雪花模式的Skyline-Join查询算法.该算法首先将子维表M-Join父维表,然后渐进选择式地对事实表和父维表进行连接.每次连接之前都对事实表进行分组和组内Skyline计算,删除组内非Skyline元组,这样可以减少许多不必要的连接操作,使得查询效率大大提高.通过实验证明,在事实表元组数量逐渐变大和维表个数逐渐增多的情况下,提出的算法比先Join后Skyline计算的naive算法效率上有明显改善.     

数据仓库中的一种提高多表连接效率的有效方法

联机分析处理OLAP查询经常涉及多表连接，所以提高多表连接的性能就成了提高OLAP查询处理的关键性问题．针对目前直接提高多表连接效率的方法、并行多表连接算法和连接索引，提出了变形多表连接索引．该方法基于使用SQL语句表述的查询模型库QMB建立一系列符合条件的变形多表连接事实表，并建立这些变形多表连接事实表的索引．在特定的多表连接查询中，变形多表连接事实表能替代原事实表与各维表连接，并在查询处理过程中动态更新．理论分析和实验结果表明，该方法可以有效地提高多表连接的查询效率．     

一个基于三元组存储的列式OLAP查询执行引擎

大数据与传统的数据仓库技术相结合产生了大数据实时分析处理需要（volume+velocity）,它要求大数据背景下的数据仓库不能过多地依赖物化、索引等高存储代价的优化技术,而要提高实时处理能力来应对大数据分析中数据量大、查询分析复杂等特点.这些查询分析操作一般表现为在事实表和维表之间连接操作的基础上对结果集上进行分组聚集等操作.因此,表连接和分组聚集操作是ROLAP（relational OLAP）性能的两个重要决定因素.研究了新硬件平台下针对大规模数据的OLAP查询的性能,设计新的列存储OLAP查询执行引擎CDDTA-MMDB（columnar direct dimensional tuple access-main memory databasequeryexecutionengine,直接维表元组访问的内存数据库查询执行引擎）.基于三元组的物化策略,使得CDDTA-MMDB能够减少内存列存储模型上表连接操作访问基表和中间数据结构的次数.首先,CDDTA-MMDB将查询分解为作用在维表和事实表上的子查询,如果只涉及过滤操作,子查询将生成<代理键,布尔值>二元组;否则,子查询生成<代理键,关键字,值>三元组.然后,只需一趟扫描事实表,利用事实表的外键映射函数直接定位相应三元组或者二元组,完成相应的过滤、连接或聚集操作.CDDTA-MMDB充分考虑了内存列存储数据库的设计原则,尽量减少随机内存访问.实验结果表明：CDDTA-MMDB是高效的,与具代表性的列存储数据库相比,比MonetDB 5.5快2.5倍,比C-store的invisible join快5倍;并且,CDDTA-MMDB在多核处理器上具有线性加速比.     

基于Shared-Nothing的并行Hash连接算法效率分析

该文研究了基于Shared-Nothing结构的几种常用并行连接算法,分析了影响查询响应时间的各种因素.在此基础上,以多种硬件成分作为参数建立一个代价分析模型.使用该模型计算并行Hash算法在每个处理机上的平均任务执行时间和总的查询响应时间,并比较了几种算法在不同硬件配置下的执行效率.所提出的模型和分析方法为评价和选取并行连接算法提供了一种可行的途径.     

基于层次有序维的分组聚集算法

在联机分析处理(OLAP)中,有效地维度模型对海量数据的即席复杂分组聚集查询起着关键的作用.在偏序和映射的基础上,通过定义层次有序维,提出一种基于层次有序维的分组聚集算法.该算法利用维属性之间的聚集关系,通过约束层次链中的元素次序,实现了分组聚集计算中多表连接转换为维范围的查询,提高了连接和聚集效率.最后,实验结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

FJoin:一种基于FPGA的流连接并行加速器

流连接广泛应用于提取多源流数据之间的关键信息,是大数据处理的重要支撑技术.但连接两条大数据流时大规模的连接谓词计算,使其易成为性能瓶颈.为提高处理性能,流连接系统常采用并行和分布式两种方式扩展.然而,采用多核并行的流连接系统的扩展性受到CPU核数限制,无法应对大规模数据流.采用分布式扩展的流连接系统由于引入分布式框架运...     

非均匀数据分布下的MapReduce连接查询算法优化

MapReduce分布式计算框架有助于提升大规模数据连接查询的效率,但当连接属性分布不均匀时,其简单的散列策略容易导致计算节点间负载不均衡,影响作业的整体性能。针对连接查询操作中的数据倾斜问题,研究了MapReduce框架下大规模数据连接查询操作的优化算法。首先对经典的改进重分区连接查询算法进行实验分析,研究了传统MapReduce计算框架下连接查询操作的执行流程,找出了基于MapReduce计算框架的连接查询算法在数据分布不均匀时的性能瓶颈;进而提出了组合分割平衡分区优化策略,设计并实现了基于组合分割平衡分区优化策略的改进型连接查询算法。实验结果表明,提出的优化策略在大规模数据的连接查询处理上很好地解决了数据倾斜带来的性能影响,具有好的时间性能和可扩展性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate