煤矿井下视频多目标轨迹跟踪算法研究

为了提高煤矿井下监控视频的目标识别准确率,对运动目标进行有效跟踪,将小波变换和背景差分法相结合,对Camshift算法进行改进,提出了适用于煤矿井下视频多目标轨迹跟踪算法。首先采用小波三层变换对视频图像进行去噪处理,得到低频图像。然后再进行背景差分运算,检测出运动目标。最后采用Camshift算法对运动目标进行跟踪处理。实验结果表明,改进的Camshift算法减少了原始Camshift算法在初始候选目标时的随机性,提高了目标检测和跟踪的准确率,为煤矿的安全生产提供了保证。     

基于改进Camshift的穿墙雷达运动人体目标成像跟踪算法

针对穿墙雷达运动人体目标图像"闪烁"与"抖动"的特点,提出基于改进Camshift的穿墙雷达运动人体目标成像跟踪算法。首先,针对形成的连续多帧穿墙雷达图像以及对应的颜色概率分布图,引入目标预测过程以确定图像中运动目标搜索波门,消除波门外的杂波干扰;然后,利用颜色概率分布图,在波门内自适应迭代调整目标搜索窗尺度,匹配形状与大小变化的目标图像以提取目标位置;最后,对提取的目标位置进行α-β滤波,形成连续平滑的目标运动跟踪航迹,实现基于穿墙雷达成像的建筑物内运动人体稳定航迹跟踪。多输入多输出（MIMO）穿墙雷达实验结果显示,与传统Camshift和Meanshift算法相比,改进后算法的跟踪航迹误差分别降低了40.99%和43.09%,获得了更加准确和平滑的目标运动航迹。     

一种改进Camshift算法的研究

针对基于颜色概率分布的连续自适应均值偏移算法Camshift(Continuously Adaptive Meanshift)在背景中出现相同颜色干扰时容易致使跟踪目标失败的问题,提出一种改进的Camshift跟踪算法。该算法首先采用三帧差分法进行运动目标检测,然后利用最大类间方差法确定分割阈值,最后采用Camshift算法进行目标跟踪。该算法可以克服传统Camshift算法需要人工定位和容易发散的缺点。实验结果表明,该算法跟踪效果好,并且能够在一定程度上满足准确性的要求。     

一种改进的视频图像检测跟踪算法

针对运动目标在运动过程中的交叉、遮挡等情况,采用自适应阈值的Vibe算法来压缩背景杂波和相关噪声,进而对运动目标进行检测.采用基于Camshift优化的粒子滤波算法对运动目标进行跟踪,该算法在粒子滤波算法的基础上结合Camshift算法的优点,加入当前观测信息,使粒子更好地采样于目标周围,提高了粒子效率,节省了算法时间.实验表明,自适应阈值的Vibe算法能够准确检测复杂场景中的运动目标,并能够适应噪声干扰和光照变化,而基于Camshift优化的粒子滤波算法能够在目标快速运动、遮挡情况下对目标进行准确跟踪.     

基于图割理论的尺度自适应人脸跟踪算法

针对连续自适应的Mean-Shift（Camshift）算法跟踪人脸时尺度过度放缩这一问题,提出了一种基于图割的Camshift人脸跟踪算法。首先,在每一帧图像的Camshift迭代结果内建立图割区域,使用高斯肤色模型作为图割权值分割出图割区域内肤色团块;然后,计算该肤色团大小得到目标真实尺度,并比较与上一帧图像跟踪框内肤色团的尺度来判断是否需要重新跟踪目标;最后,再以该团块作为下一帧跟踪目标。实验结果表明,基于图割的Camshift人脸跟踪算法有效地克服了跟踪时其他肤色区域的干扰,能有效地反映人体快速运动中人脸真实尺度变化,同时防止Camshift算法丢失跟踪目标而陷入局部最优解,具有较好的可用性和鲁棒性。     

基于Camshift反馈码本模型的手抓取物跟踪方法

针对Camshift算法在复杂背景下无法自动跟踪目标的问题,提出一种基于Camshift反馈码本模型的运动目标检测和跟踪算法。该算法首先利用码本模型检测前景目标,然后采用Camshift在颜色概率分布图中跟踪前景区域中的目标,通过窗口尺寸比较和直方图相关性判断来解决自动跟踪,通过窗口位置预测和尺寸扩大来改进下一帧Camshift算法的输入搜索窗口,同时并集操作多个目标处理后的矩形窗口,并将其反馈为下一帧码本模型的图像检测区域。最后将该算法应用于手和目标物的抓取状态判断上,具体过程是在静态背景下利用两个摄像头采集到的图像进行手和目标物的检测和跟踪,通过矩形相交性判断抓取次数,以验证跟踪算法的有效性。实验结果表明,通过信息反馈减小了目标检测和跟踪的搜索区域,提高了算法的实时性,在单摄像头下可提高处理帧频130%。     

面向物流仓库的多目标视频跟踪

为了解决物流仓库复杂环境下多目标跟踪的问题,本文提出一种融合了背景建模的Camshift算法,并在算法跟踪过程中加入目标运动信息。首先根据跟踪目标获得目标颜色概率密度图像;然后根据背景建模获得的背景图像对概率密度图像进行滤波处理;在Camshift每次迭代过程中,引入运动信息,通过加权融合获得最优位置;在多目标跟踪过程中,将当前帧中已跟踪完成的目标在概率密度图像中滤除,减少对其它目标的干扰。通过实验表明,在物流仓库运送轨道上的物品跟踪的实际应用中,本文算法对复杂背景干扰和相似目标的相互干扰,有很好的处理能力。     

一种新的基于相似度的目标跟踪算法

研究了视频序列中的目标跟踪问题,提出一种新的基于Chebyshev距离的相似度目标跟踪算法．在跟踪过程中,首先计算参考区域与目标区域间的相似度;然后确定在序列中与被跟踪区域相匹配的区域;最后利用统计检验的方法确定跟踪判断的正确性．该方法可以避免估计概率分布密度函数的不足．运用该算法在运动方式已知和未知的情况下分别与卡尔曼滤波和Camshift算法进行了对比实验,结果表明,所提出算法的跟踪效果有所提高．     

改进的高效Camshift跟踪算法

Camshift是一种应用颜色信息的跟踪算法,它对做加速度的运动物体跟踪效果不够稳定和强壮,从准确预测目标位置及缩小目标搜索范围入手对Camshift算法进行了改进。该算法使用运动目标加速度运动位移方程预测下一时刻目标可能出现的位置,使用预测位置误差方程估计运动目标搜索范围,并使用IIR滤波器对目标运动速度、加速度等参数自适应地修正。实验证明,改进的Camshift有效地克服了Camshift算法自身的缺陷,即使运动目标做加速运动时,也可准确地预测运动目标的位置,缩小目标搜索范围,进而提高目标跟踪速度。     

基于Camshift与Kalman的目标跟踪算法

针对目标跟踪复杂的难点,提出了一种比较实用的跟踪方法。采用基于颜色概率分布的Camshift算法进行目标跟踪的同时,引入卡尔曼滤波,并给出模型参数。在目标发生遮挡时,使用卡尔曼滤波对目标运动状态进行估计。实验表明,算法能够对目标进行持续、稳定的跟踪。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.