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1.
GPP问题的骨架分析与启发式算法设计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
图的划分问题(GPP)是具有广泛应用背景的典型NP-难解问题,高效启发式算法一直是该领域的研究热点.作为设计启发式算法的有力工具,GPP的骨架分析存在理论分析结果匮乏、骨架规模过小等缺陷.文中采用构造偏移GPP实例的技巧,不仅在理论卜证明了获取GPP的骨架是NP-难解的,并且利用一般GPP实例与偏移实例的关系,实现了骨架规模的提高.在此基础上,文中对于目前求解GPP问题最好的算法之一的IBS进行了改进,提出了基于偏移实例的IBS算法(BI-IBS).算法BI-IBS首先构造偏移GPP实例,然后再利用局部最优解交集对它进行归约,最后再求解归约后的规模更小的新实例.实验结果表明,BI-IBS比现有算法在解的质量上有了较显著的提高.文中的工作较完善地解决了GPP的骨架研究存在的问题,所采用的构造偏移实例的技巧对于其它NP-难解问题的骨架理论分析及启发式算法设计亦具有较高的参考价值.  相似文献   

2.
黑白二次分配问题   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
二次分配问题QAP(quadratic assignment problem)的变种问题是当前的研究热点.实际应用中存在一类不能用QAP及其现有变种描述的问题,该类问题在QAP问题的基础上增加了额外的约束条件:将设备分为黑白两色,其中白色设备要求与至少一个黑色设备的距离不超过预定阈值.文章将之定义为黑白二次分配问题BWQAP(Black and White QAP).文章首先分析了它的计算复杂性,指出该问题是NP-难解问题,不存在ε-近似度的多项式时间近似算法(ε>O).同时证明了其可行解的存在性与黑白图上的支配集问题等价,也属于NP-难解问题.为了能在可接受的时间内得到大规模实例质量可接受的近似解,提出了一种求解BWQAP的启发式算法GFO.该算法利用QAP现有算法得到初始解,然后利用局部搜索策略完成解的可行化和优化.大量实验表明,该启发式算法能够有效地求解BWQAP问题的实例.  相似文献   

3.
本文提出了一种基于禁忌表的定位算法求解TSP问题的快速、高效近似算法。这种算法结合了禁忌搜索算法中禁忌表及大规模构造算法和定位改进算法求解规模较大的TSP问题。计算机实例仿真证明,算法在求解质量和求解速度两方面高于著名的启发式算法的解。该算法针对TSP问题提出,是非常有效的。  相似文献   

4.
TSP问题是组合优化中经典的问题,蚁群系统是求解TSP问题诸多算法中取得较好性能的一种启发式算法.从运行时间分布和解的性能分布角度对算法求解TSP的性能进行了分析,得出了一些有实际指导意义的结论:算法找到最优解的概率是随着运行时间的增加而增大的;算法运行前期改进解的性能速度较快,但后期明显减慢;可以通过重启策略获得与最优解距离在一定范围内的解.  相似文献   

5.
最小化总完工时间无等待流水调度是典型的NP-完全问题,广泛存在于实际生产系统.改变传统求解调度序列目标函数的模式,提出目标增量法,通过目标函数变化量判断新解的优劣,大大降低算法所需计算时间;通过证明启发式算法基本操作的目标增量性质,设计两种基本目标增量法以快速评估新产生解的质量.提出快速迭代贪婪算法FIG(Fast Iterative Greedy algorithm)求解该问题,构造初始解生成算法,提出分段式重构局部搜索方法和迭代改进全局搜索策略以进一步提高解的质量.基于110个经典Benchmark实例,将提出的FIG算法与目前求解该问题较好的启发式算法PHlp和元启发式算法SRTS、DPSOvnd进行比较,实验结果表明FIG在性能上优于SRTS和PHlp,略逊于DPSOvnd;在效率上优于SRTS和DPSOvnd,略逊于PHlp.  相似文献   

6.
为了提高基本蚁群算法的全局求解能力,对基本蚁群算法进行了改进,提出了一种通过自适性改变启发式因子α和期望启发式因子β的蚁群算法.当连续几代进化后的最优解没有明显变化时,改进后的算法通过对启发式因子α和期望启发式因子β的自适应调整来提高最优解的求解质量.通过对TSP问题的仿真表明,改进后的蚁群算法在求解最优解和收敛性能方面比起基本蚁群算法存在优势.  相似文献   

7.
求解TSP问题的多级归约算法   总被引:32,自引:3,他引:32       下载免费PDF全文
邹鹏  周智  陈国良  顾钧 《软件学报》2003,14(1):35-42
TSP(traveling salesman problem)问题是最经典的NP-hard组合优化问题之一.长期以来,人们一直在寻求快速、高效的近似算法,以便在合理的计算时间内解决大规模问题.由于对较大规模的问题,目前的近似算法尚不能在较短的时间内给出高质量的解,因此提出了多重归约算法.该算法的基本原理是通过对TSP问题的局部最优解与全局最优解之间关系的分析,发现对局部最优解的简单的相交操作能以很高的概率得到全局最优解的部分解.利用这些部分解可以大大缩小原问题的搜索空间,同时也不会降低搜索的性能.这就是所谓的归约原理.再通过多次归约使问题的规模降到足够小,然后对这个较小规模的实例直接用已有的算法求解,最后通过相反的次序拼接部分解,最终得到一个合法的解.在TSPLIB(traveling salesman problem library)中,典型实例上的实验结果表明,此算法在求解质量和求解速度上与目前已知的算法相比有较大的改进.  相似文献   

8.
旅行商问题(Traveling Salesman Problem,TSP)是组合优化中最典型的NP难问题之一,长期以来人们都在寻求快速高效的近似算法以在合理的计算时间内准确地解决大规模问题,并设计出许多高效实用的启发式和宏启发式算法,其中循环LK算法是性能最好和最具代表性的算法之一.作者研究了该算法的运行时间分布:通过对TSPLIB中大量不同规模的TSP实例的运行时间分布的统计分析和拟合,发现求解TSP问题的循环LK算法的运行时间分布很好地服从Weibull分布,并进一步给出了该分布对求解TSP问题的物理意义.作者同时首次给出了循环LK算法求解TSP问题得到的解的性能分布以及由此得到的一些有实际指导意义的结论.  相似文献   

9.
TSP问题模型应用广泛,其求解策略的研究具有重要的理论和实践意义.根据TSP问题的特点,借鉴无向完全图上最小生成树的生成过程,设计了一种启发式算法对TSP问题进行求解.该算法的基本思想是以无向完全图上不同最小生成树为基础,采用启发式的方法构造不同闭合回路,最后取最短闭合回路作为最优解.文中采用C语言编程,同时分析了算法的性能和时间复杂度,并进行了大量仿真计算.结果表明设计的算法能够有效求得TSP问题的优化解.  相似文献   

10.
1.思想来源旅行商问题(TSP)可以简单表述如下:给定一组N个城市和它们之间的两两距离,找出一个闭合的旅程,使得每个城市刚好经过一次且总的旅程距离最短。旅行商问题已经被证实是一个NP难解问题。虽然欧氏平面上的TSP有PTAS,但运算时间和精度呈指数函数关系,所以找一个快速的近似算法仍然具有很大的意义。近年来提出的逼近最优解的算法如遗传算法、模拟退火算法、神经网络算法本质上都是进行随机搜索,本文是用确定性的启发式算法求解TSP。  相似文献   

11.
Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.  相似文献   

12.
European Community policy and the market   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.  相似文献   

13.
融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。  相似文献   

14.
Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.  相似文献   

15.
This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.  相似文献   

16.
Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008  相似文献   

17.
为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.  相似文献   

18.
Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.  相似文献   

19.
《计算机科学》2007,34(4):148-148
Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.  相似文献   

20.
This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)SM and Team Software Process (TSP){SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.  相似文献   

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