船舶全局一致渐进路径跟踪变积分增益导航策略

本文利用一种新的导航策略和反馈控制器解决了欠驱动船舶受到外部扰动作用下的保持直线运动问题.与传统的视野线(line-of-sight,LOS)导航策略相比,改进的LOS导航策略具有变积分增益能够补偿外部环境扰动引起的侧滑效应并且能够避免积分饱和影响,其中积分增益是以垂直距离误差为函数引导船舶灵活快速地趋向期望的轨迹.本文所提出的积分导航策略和基于积分器反演控制策略组成一种串联结构的系统,并且证明了当所有控制目标实现时整个系统是全局一致渐进稳定的.仿真结果说明了所提出内容的有效性和性能.     

Event-triggered-based finite-time cooperative path following control for underactuated multiple marine surface vehicles

This paper develops an event-triggered-based finite-time cooperative path following (CPF) control scheme for underactuated marine surface vehicles (MSVs) with model parameter uncertainties and unknown ocean disturbances. First, a finite-time extended state observer (FTESO) is proposed, in which the FTESO can estimate the velocities and compound disturbances in finite time. Then, the finite-time LOS guidance law based on velocity estimation values is designed to obtain the desired surge velocity and the desired yaw rate. In order to realize the cooperative control of multiple paths in finite time, the cooperative control law for the path variable is designed. In addition, the relative threshold event-triggered control (ETC) mechanism is incorporated into the formation control algorithm, and an event-triggered-based finite-time CPF controller is designed, which not only effectively reduces the update frequency of controller and the mechanical loss of actuator but also improves the control performance of system. Furthermore, by using homogeneous method, Lyapunov theory, and finite-time stability theory, it is proved that under the proposed finite-time CPF control scheme, the formation errors can converge to a small neighborhood around origin in finite time. Finally, numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Model predictive and adaptive neural sliding mode control for three-dimensional path following of autonomous underwater vehicle with input saturation

With model uncertainties and input saturation, a novel control method is developed to steer an underactuated autonomous underwater vehicle that realizes the following of the planned path in three-dimensional (3D) space. Firstly, Serret–Frenet frame is applied as virtual target, and the path following errors model in 3D is built. Secondly, the control method which includes kinematic controller and dynamic controller was presented based on cascade control strategy. The kinematic controller, which is responsible for generating a series of constrained velocity signals, is designed based on model predictive control. The adaptive radial basis function neural network is used to estimate the model uncertainty caused by hydrodynamic parameters. Moreover, sliding mode control technology is applied in the design of dynamic controller to improve its robustness. Then, the control effect is compared with that of LOS guidance law and PID controller by simulation experiment. The comparison results show that the proposed algorithm can improve path following effect and reduce input saturation.

     

农用拖拉机的自适应二阶滑模路径跟踪控制

针对农用拖拉机在未知扰动影响下的路径跟踪控制问题,本文提出了基于自适应二阶滑模和扰动观测技术的路径跟踪控制策略.首先,建立含有未知扰动项的路径跟踪偏差模型,通过利用自适应控制和改进的加幂积分技术,构造自适应二阶滑模路径跟踪控制方法,该控制方法削弱了滑模控制中存在的抖振影响.其次,为了解决大扰动下控制增益调整过度的问题,通过将鲁棒精确微分器和自适应二阶滑模控制结合,构造复合的路径跟踪控制方法.严格的Lyapunov分析表明横向偏差和航向偏差均在有限时间内稳定到原点.最后,仿真结果验证了本文设计的制导方法能够保证农用拖拉机快速且稳定地跟踪上任意弯曲的参考路径.     

纵向速度和艏向角受限的水面艇有限时间协同路径跟踪

研究多个欠驱动水面艇在纵向速度和艏向角受限情况下的协同有限时间直线路径跟踪问题.针对水面艇在位置和速度方向上受到的干扰,考虑欠驱动水面艇同时受到匹配和不匹配扰动的情况,通过在控制方案中引入积分视线制导律和有限时间观测器来估计并补偿两类扰动.设计非对称障碍Lyapunov函数来保证欠驱动水面艇在航行过程中不违反约束条件,之后通过加入一个功率积分器构造有限时间控制器,确保系统误差能在有限时间内收敛到零.最后,通过Simulink仿真结果进一步表明所设计控制器的有效性.     

基于干扰观测器的一类不确定仿射非线性系统有限时间收敛backstepping控制

针对一类不确定仿射非线性系统的跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于干扰观测器的有限时间收敛backstepping控制方法.为增强小脑模型(CMAC)泛化和学习能力,将非对称高斯函数和模糊理论相结合,给出非对称模糊CMAC结构,设计干扰观测器实现系统未知复合干扰在线准确逼近;基于非对称模糊CMAC干扰观测器,给出有限时间收敛backstepping控制器设计步骤,利用Lyapunov稳定理论证明闭环系统稳定性,其中采用非线性微分器获取虚拟控制量滤波和微分信息以避免backstepping设计中的微分“膨胀问题”,设计辅助系统修正因微分器带来的误差对系统跟踪性能影响,引入基于障碍型函数的自适应滑模鲁棒项抑制复合干扰估计偏差对跟踪误差的影响;将所提方法应用于无人机飞行控制仿真实验,结果表明所提方法的有效性.     

滑模变结构有限时间收敛制导律

针对末端有入射角度约束的制导系统,基于滑模变结构控制思想设计了一种有限时间收敛的滑模制导律,使制导系统的视线角速率快速收敛到零,并令弹道倾角收敛到期望的入射角度.通过非线性控制系统的有限时间稳定性理论对该制导律进行了分析,给出了制导系统有限收敛时间的数学形式,证明了制导系统的有限时间收敛性.最后通过仿真进一步验证了该制导方法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

含攻击角约束的网络化弹药分布式模糊协同制导律

在舰炮网络化弹药打击近岸机动目标的末制导段,提出了一种考虑攻击角约束的有限时间分布式模糊协同制导律.构建网络化弹药–目标相对运动模型,设计扩张状态观测器估计目标的切向、法向加速度.在视线切向,为保证命中时刻在有限时间内趋于一致,采用积分滑模设计分布式有限时间协同制导律;在视线法向,为在有限时间内零化视线角误差、视线角速率并改善控制指令终端发散现象,采用非奇异终端滑模设计两阶段制导律.为削弱控制指令抖振、补偿干扰,设计模糊自适应系统,并通过Lyapunov理论证明了全系统状态的一致最终有界性与有限时间收敛性.仿真实验表明:该制导律使网络化弹药在打击机动形式不同的目标时,均具备较好的协同制导性能.     

固定时间预测器下的欠驱动无人艇路径跟踪控制

无人艇是一类在水面自主移动的智能船艇, 具有无人自主, 航速高, 欠驱动的特点, 能应用到民用和军事的诸多领域. 针对欠驱动无人艇的路径跟踪问题, 本文在传统视线法制导律的基础上, 首次提出了一种新的固定时间收敛的预测器, 用于预测位置误差, 实现对干扰的估计和补偿. 与基于有限时间收敛的预测器的制导律相比, 固定时间预测器收敛时间不依赖于初始状态, 可以更快收敛. 此外, 为了保证跟踪控制器的有效收敛, 还设计了固定时间控制器, 将无人艇尾部的方向舵力矩作为控制器, 使无人艇航向角在固定时间收敛到期望艏向角. 最后通过仿真实验证明本文所提出的制导律和控制器能精确跟踪给定路径.     

一种非仿射高超声速飞行器输出反馈控制方法

针对一类考虑模型非仿射特性和执行机构饱和特性的高超声速飞行器轨迹跟踪控制问题, 提出一种基于backstepping的输出反馈非线性控制方法. 考虑执行机构故障激发的未知非线性动态, 建立了非仿射形式飞行器模型. 为解决实际工程应用中存在的气流角测量值难以使用的问题, 利用高度和速度测量值以及高阶微分器设计了航迹倾角在线估计方法. 基于跟踪微分器设计了模型干扰项的估计方法, 并解决了backstepping方法应用中存在的“微分项爆炸”问题. 引入辅助系统降低控制量饱和带来的不利影响. 基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统的稳定性. 最后, 通过对比仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Velocity-free adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode finite-time attitude tracking control for spacecraft

Aiming at the attitude tracking control problem of rigid spacecraft under the condition of unmeasurable angular velocity information, a velocity-free adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode finite-time tracking control method is proposed. The finite-time extended-state observer is used to estimate the attitude tracking speed errors and the integrated disturbances. Combined with the above control method, a fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller with attitude measurement is designed and the adaptive technology is introduced to compensate for the influence of observation errors on the controller. The finite-time convergence of the observer and the control method was demonstrated based on Lyapunov theory, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations.     

Bounded controllers for global path tracking control of unicycle-type mobile robots

This paper presents a design of bounded controllers with a predetermined bound for global path tracking control of unicycle-type mobile robots at the torque level. A new one-step ahead backstepping method is first introduced. The heading angle and linear velocity of the robots are then considered as immediate controls to force the position of the robots to globally and asymptotically track its reference path. These immediate controls are designed based on the one-step ahead backstepping method to yield bounded control laws. Next, the one-step ahead backstepping method is applied again to design bounded control torques of the robots with a pre-specified bound. The proposed control design ensures global asymptotical and local exponential convergence of the position and orientation tracking errors to zero, and bounded torques driving the robots. Experimental results on a Khepera mobile robot verify the proposed control controller.     

构形可变移动机器人的构形评价、优选及变换规划

为提升移动机器人对环境的适应能力,提出了一种适用于车体构形、轮距和轮向可变的轮式移动机器人的构形评价、优选和变换规划方法。该方法以转弯所需半径、通过宽度和稳定角为指标评价不同构形下机器人的移动性和稳定性,然后构建权系数多目标模型从构形集合中优选与环境特征匹配的构形,再将任意两构形之间的变换规划转化为网络路径搜索问题来求解耗能最少的变换路径。最后,通过实验验证了所提评价指标、构形优选以及变换路径规划方法的合理性和有效性。研究结果可为此类构形可变轮式移动机器人的设计分析和运动规划提供指导或参考。     

自治飞艇直接自适应模糊路径跟踪控制

针对具有模型不确定和未知外部干扰的自治飞艇, 提出了直接自适应模糊路径跟踪控制方法. 该方法由路径跟踪控制和自适应模糊控制两部分组成. 首先基于飞艇的平面运动模型设计路径跟踪控制律, 包括制导律计算、偏航角跟踪和速度控制3 部分; 然后构造直接自适应模糊控制器逼近路径跟踪控制律中的不确定项. 稳定性分析证明所设计的控制律能使飞艇跟踪给定的期望路径, 跟踪误差收敛到原点的小邻域内. 仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

欠驱动自主水面船的非线性路径跟踪控制

基于级联方法提出一种欠驱动自主水面船的全局K指数稳定路径跟踪控制算法.采用以自由路径参考点为原点的Serret-Frenet坐标系建立路径跟踪误差的动态模型,以路径参数的变化率为附加控制输入,克服了以正交投影点为坐标原点时的奇异值问题.设计路径跟踪航向角指令,将路径跟踪模型分解为位置跟踪子系统和航向角、前向速度跟踪子系统两个子系统级联的形式,设计航向角和前向速度的全局指数稳定跟踪控制器,应用级联系统理论证明了路径跟踪误差的全局K指数稳定性.数学仿真和自主水面船湖上实验结果验证了该路径跟踪控制算法的有效性.     

单路径导引的车式移动机器人协同编队控制

针对含有模型不确定性和未知外部扰动的车式移动机器人集群, 本文设计了一种分布式协同编队控制器, 通过单条参数化路径导引, 实现了车式移动机器人协同编队运动. 本文首先在运动学层级设计了基于领航–跟随策 略的队形制导律和路径更新律, 其次在动力学层级设计了前向速度和姿态角控制律, 通过线性扩张状态观测器估计 并补偿系统模型中的非线性部分, 消除参数摄动和外部扰动造成的不利影响, 然后通过级联系统理论证明了闭环系 统的输入到状态稳定性, 最后通过数字仿真和加热机群实验结果验证了本文控制器的有效性.     

Adaptive backstepping control of wheeled inverted pendulum with velocity estimator

In this paper, we introduce a backstepping control design of a wheeled inverted pendulum. Based on a second-order motion equation of the body angle, an adaptive integral backstepping controller is designed to stabilize the body angle. It is shown that the σ-modification rule in the adaptive update law guarantees the boundedness of the errors in estimating the time-varying signal that is an output of a linear system with every bounded input signal. Then, the stabilizing controller for the wheel angle is constructed by a PD-type positive feedback. The derived controller requires the full-state measurements. In the output feedback case, the K filter or the observer backstepping is needed. However, the structure of the controller becomes complicated. We propose a non-model-based differentiator based on the adaptive update law. Since the non-model-based differentiator does not require any knowledge of the dynamic structure of the signal, we can use it as a velocity estimator for unknown nonlinear systems. Therefore, we replaced the velocity measurement with the estimates by the non-model-based differentiator. Finally, simulation results for the proposed controller are presented.     

Finite-time path following control for a stratospheric airship with input saturation and error constraint

This paper addresses the finite-time path following control problem for an under-actuated stratospheric airship with input saturation, error constraint, and external disturbances. To handle the adverse effect of input saturation, anti-windup compensators are employed and finite-time convergence of the saturated control solution is established. Error constraints of airship position and attitude are handled by incorporating a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (TBLF) in guidance and attitude control schemes. Backstepping design is presented with the anti-windup compensators, the TBLF, and nonlinear disturbance observers which estimate the external disturbances. Stability analysis shows that the tracking errors of the airship position converge into a small set around zero within finite-time, the constrained requirements on the airship position and attitude are not violated during operation, and all closed-loop signals are guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. Compared with the conventional control scheme, simulation results illustrate that the proposed finite-time controller offers a faster convergence rate and a higher path following accuracy for the stratospheric airship.     

串级连续搅拌反应釜的有限时间命令滤波控制

针对串级连续搅拌反应釜系统的快速精准跟踪控制问题,利用自适应反步控制方法、模糊逻辑系统、命令滤波器以及有限时间控制技术设计串级连续搅拌反应釜系统的有限时间命令滤波控制器.其中,自适应反步方法使系统控制器的设计更简单;模糊逻辑系统通过逼近系统模型中的复杂非线性函数使控制器的在线计算量更小;命令滤波器解决了经典反步法带来的“计算爆炸”的问题;有限时间控制方法能够使系统被控量更迅速地跟踪其参考值; Lyapunov稳定性分析证明了系统的稳定性.通过Matlab实例仿真验证所设计控制器的有效性和可行性,为有限时间命令滤波控制技术在实际串级连续搅拌反应釜过程中的应用提供指导.与现有控制方法相比,所提出的控制策略具有控制器结构简单、在线计算复杂度小、跟踪速度快以及无静差的优点.     

考虑攻击角度和视场角约束的自适应终端滑模制导律

针对导弹拦截机动目标的末制导问题,基于有限时间滑模控制理论设计一种带有攻击角度和导弹视场角约束的制导律.首先,将导弹末制导问题转化为带有状态约束的制导系统稳定问题,设计一种新型的非奇异终端滑模面和时变的障碍Lyapunov函数,给出一种终端滑模制导律的设计方法,并针对目标机动的不确定性设计一种对目标机动上界的自适应估计;然后,通过稳定性理论证明制导系统的状态变量最终是有限时间收敛的,并且结合时变的障碍Lyapunov函数和滑模面的设计特性证明在末制导过程中视场角约束条件始终不会被违背,相比于现有的考虑视场角约束的制导律,该制导律不存在指令转换,能够加快制导系统收敛速率,增强制导系统的抗干扰能力;最后,通过仿真实验验证所提出制导方法的有效性.