一种强安全的无证书非交互密钥交换协议

非交互密钥交换协议(Non-interactive Key Exchange,NIKE)允许通信双方在没有信息交互的情况下生成一个共享密钥。在基于身份的非交互密钥交换协议(Identity-based Non-interactive Key Exchange,ID-NIKE)中,用户私钥是由私钥生成中心(Private Key Generator,PKG)分发给用户的,因此PKG可以计算出用户之间的共享密钥,即存在密钥托管的问题。针对ID-NIKE的上述不足,基于无证书的公钥密码体制(Certificateless Public Key Cryptography,CL-PKC),首先提出了无证书非交互密钥交换协议的安全模型,然后设计了一个强安全的无证书非交互密钥交换协议方案,并在随机预言模型下基于BDH假设给出了协议的安全性证明。该方案是第一个基于CL-PKC的非交互密钥交换协议方案,并结合了CL-PKC和NIKE的优点,因此该方案不仅具有非交互的性质,而且PKG计算不出用户间的共享密钥,所以其可以更好地保护用户隐私。另外,该协议还允许用户部分秘密信息泄露,因此具有更高的安全性。     

基于身份的无线传输层安全握手协议改进方案

现有无线传输层安全(WTLS)协议主要基于数字证书构建,存在通信与计算开销较大、未对服务器证书的有效性进行在线验证等不足。以基于身份的密码体制思想,综合运用基于身份的加密(IBE)、基于身份的签名(IBS)及基于身份的密钥协商(IBAKA)等机制,提出了一种基于身份的密码系统(IBC)的WTLS改进协议。改进协议以身份标识为核心,以传递身份标识代替传递证书,使用IBE、IBS及IBAKA分别完成加密、签名及密钥协商等操作,并在密钥计算中融入了加密者的身份信息,使得密文具有消息源的可认证性。对改进协议的安全性及效率的分析表明,改进协议在确保安全的前提下降低了通信开销。     

基于标识密码的数据报传输层安全协议

TLS作为目前应用最为广泛的安全传输协议,只能保证可靠传输TCP上数据的安全性.DTLS（datagram TLS）在TLS协议架构上进行了修改,能够为UDP提供安全保护.但DTLS在会话建立过程中仍然需要依赖第三方认证中心和证书完成通信双方的认证,连接建立过程时间长,安全开销大,不能满足物联网等资源受限的网络通信环境.将标识密码引入DTLS中,避免了握手协议中处理证书所带来的各种开销,在计算会话密钥的同时完成通信双方的认证;并使用新的密钥协商协议重新设计DTLS的握手协议,减少交互次数和消息数量,缩短连接建立时间.实验结果表明,基于标识密码的DTLS在不降低安全性的同时,将通信建立时间缩短了近50%.     

支持ECC数字证书的IKEv2认证设计

数字证书对因特网密钥交换协议版本2IKEv2（Internet Key Exchange version 2）的初始化交互协商的安全及效率有很大的影响。提出了一种基于ECC数字证书的身份认证机制,并在IPSec VPN系统的IKEv2初始化过程中应用ECC数字证书实现了通信双方的身份认证。在同等测试条件下,相同安全等级的ECC证书与RSA证书对IKEv2协商效率的对比结果表明,采用基于ECC的X.509证书进行身份认证,能够有效地提高IKEv2初始化过程的效率和安全强度。     

无线传感器网络中基于临时初始密钥的密钥管理协议

针对网络中相邻节点对通信、局部广播通信及新节点认证中的安全问题,提出无线传感器网络中基于临时初始密钥的密钥管理协议-PLA协议.该协议要求在网络部署的时候为每个节点分配唯一的标识符和一个临时初始密钥.节点基于临时初始密钥和相关信息建立用于节点对之间通信的密钥(Pairwise Key,简称点对密钥)、用于与其所有邻居节点同时通信的局部广播密钥(Local Broadcast Key,简称局部广播密钥)以及用于认证新加入节点的认证密钥(Authentication Key,简称认证密钥).与现有协议如LEAP协议和OTMK协议相比较,该协议降低了能耗,提高了安全性.     

一种轻量级基于证书的认证密钥协商方案

认证密钥协议对于在公共网络上安全通信至关重要,它使通信方能够在恶意攻击者当前安全地设置共享会话密钥.基于证书的密码学(CBC)很好地解决了传统公钥密码体制中的证书撤销问题、基于身份的密码体制中的密钥托管问题和无证书密码体制中安全信道建立困难问题.现有的基于证书认证密钥协商方案大多都采用了昂贵的双线性配对,不适合计算资源有限的移动设备.本文设计了一种轻量级的基于证书的AKA协议,该协议用假名技术实现用户身份匿名.该协议提供了前向保密,抵抗中间人攻击,重放攻击等安全性分析.与以往基于证书的AKA协议相比,该协议在计算效率上具有明显的优势.     

WSN中的无证书认证和密钥协商协议

由于无线传感器网络节点在能量、计算能力和存储能力等方面的局限性,传统的网络认证密钥协商协议难以直接应用到无线传感器网络中。为此,基于无证书的公钥密码体制,提出一种适用于无线传感器网络的认证和密钥协商协议,克服传统公钥认证的证书管理问题和基于身份认证的密钥托管问题。通过分析证明该协议满足认证协议各方面的安全属性要求,与已有的认证密钥协商协议相比,系统开销更少。     

基于PKI的通用无线认证协议研究

基于PKI的WTLS协议涉及复杂的证书操作,需耗费较大的通信和计算开销,且缺乏对服务器证书的有效性检查.引入可信证书验证代理(TCVP)和证书有效性凭据(CVT)等概念,由TCVP为无线通信节点(WN)生成短时有效的CVT,WN通过交换CVT来完成证书的有效性检查和公钥交换.基于此,提出了一种通用无线认证协议(GWAP).在GWAP框架下,采用ECC算法设计了一种具体的无线安全认证协议,并进行了效率分析.结果表明,该协议在确保安全的前提下降低了通信开销.     

基于区块链的去中心化身份认证及密钥管理方案

SM9是国内商用密码体系的重要组成部分,它是基于标识的密码体制,可以避免PKI系统中复杂的证书管理难题,为物联网安全应用提供了新的解决方案。但SM9需要可信第三方KGC为用户生成和管理密钥,密钥更新极为不便。为了解决SM9密钥更新的难题,文章利用区块链技术,提出一种去中心化的身份认证及密钥管理方案。在该方案中,用户仅需要首次由IGC(Identity Generator Center)为其生成身份标识符和密钥,随后用户可以自动对密钥更新,在此过程中身份标识符作为公钥保持不变,仅对私钥和参数更新,以便于身份认证。文章重新定义了交易的数据结构,并且更新过程以交易的形式记录在区块链上,通过区块链数据的不可篡改性保证了其真实可信。文章的研究为去中心化的物联网应用场景下身份认证及密钥管理提供了新的解决方案。     

WSN中基于非双线性对的无证书群组密钥协商协议

针对无线传感网(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)群组密钥协商协议计算开销较大的问题,提出一种基于非双线性对的无证书群组密钥协商协议。在系统初始化阶段,协议通过无证书加密体制的密钥生成中心生成节点部分私钥,各个节点依据秘密值与对应的部分密钥相乘产生私钥;在节点认证阶段,协议基于椭圆曲线上的点乘运算提出节点认证机制,利用节点的部分私钥与具有身份信息的临时公钥进行点乘运算来确定节点的身份信息;在生成会话密钥阶段,通过点乘运算生成会话密钥,以降低节点的计算开销。最后,分析了协议的计算开销和通信开销。结果表明,所提出的群组密钥协商协议能保证群组节点通信的安全性,并有效降低群组节点通信的计算开销。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate