移动对象的动态反向k最近邻研究

反向最近邻查询是空间数据库中最重要的算法之一。传统的反向最近邻查询方法主要是针对静态对象的查询,随着无线通讯和定位技术的快速发展,移动对象发出的查询请求成为新的研究热点。该文将TPR-tree作为算法的索引结构,并提出了基于矩形框的对角线的修剪策略,将半平面修剪策略进行改进,给出了移动对象的动态反向k最近邻的查询方案。     

一种基于移动对象的动态反向最近邻的算法

随着无线通讯技术的发展,移动对象的查询有广阔的应用空间.针对现有反向最近邻算法很多都是基于静态对象的情况,提出了一种新的基于移动对象的反向最近邻的算法--以TPR-tree为索引结构,对原有的半平面修剪策略进行了改进,使其性能优化,并采用过滤验证这两个处理步骤来获取移动查询点的反向最近邻,实现了移动对象的动态反向最近邻的查询.     

有障碍物环境下移动对象的反最近邻查询

最近邻查询是地理信息系统领域常遇到的问题,为反向最近邻查询是在最近邻查询的基础上提出的一种新的查询类型。在分析了几种反向最近邻查询的类型和方法的基础上,提出了基于Voronoi图的解决障碍物环境下移动对象的反向最近邻查询的方法,大大缩小了在海量空间数据库中进行反向最近邻查询的查询范围,并提高了查询的准确度。     

移动对象的动态反向最近邻查询技术

为了处理移动对象的动态反向最近邻,对时空动态反向最近邻查询问题进行形式化的定义,利用时空距离函数及限界区域等概念给出计算移动对象的动态反向最近邻的定理与算法,提出移动查询点的动态最近邻的全域查询及局域查询的方法,利用动态检测圆及时空距离函数进行动态反向最近邻的查询判断,其计算量可减少40%~60%。构建新的时空索引结构——TPRDNN树,给出操作TPRDNN树的查询算法。     

不确定性对象的反向最近邻查询

多数不确定性对象的反向近邻查询不能明确回答某个不确定性对象是否为查询对象的反向最近邻,针对该问题,提出概率反向最近邻查询的概念,设计不确定性对象的概率反向最近邻查询的索引结构,给出一种基于该结构的不确定性对象的反向最近邻查询算法。     

基于平面线段的反向最近邻查询

反向最近邻查询是空间数据库空间查询的研究热点。目前反向最近邻查询的查询粒度都是基于一维的点．在一些空间物体不能抽象为点的情况下将其抽象为点进行反向最近邻查询,查询结果不能达到一定的精度。该文在分析基于平面线段的最近邻查询和R树结构的基础上提出了一种改进的R树－Rcd树,并给出了基于Rcd树的平面线段反向最近邻查询算法．该方法能实现平面线段的反向最近邻查询。     

基于平面线段的反向最近邻查询

反向最近邻查询是空间数据库空间查询的研究热点。目前反向最近邻查询的查询粒度都是基于一维的点,在一些空间物体不能抽象为点的情况下将其抽象为点进行反向最近邻查询,查询结果不能达到一定的精度。该文在分析基于平面线段的最近邻查询和R树结构的基础上提出了一种改进的R树—Rcd树,并给出了基于Rcd树的平面线段反向最近邻查询算法,该方法能实现平面线段的反向最近邻查询。     

路网中双色反向k近邻查询处理

目前,路网中反向最近邻查询引起了广泛关注,有很多算法被提出.在实际路网中,由于移动数据对象的种类多种多样,单色反向最近邻查询有时并不能完全满足要求.因此,研究路网双色反向最近邻查询具有重要的实际意义.考虑到这种情况,提出一种路网中双色反向最近邻查询算法.通过PMR四叉树索引路网,采用Dijkstra算法遍历路网.为了保证连续监控,为查询点和对象分别设置安全区.为了验证候选对象,为其设置验证监控区.由于双色查询中,对象的种类不同,因此分别采用两个集合来保存这两类对象.通过实验对比,证明该算法具有较好的有效性和稳定性.     

移动点对象HR索引及反向最近邻查询

在此提出了一种基于速度分布的HR树索引结构,首先在速度域中对移动对象集进行规则划分,根据速度标量大小将移动对象划分到不同的速度树中,每棵速度树中移动对象具有相近的速度;对每棵速度树中的移动对象,则利用时间间隔进行划分。HR树索引增加了两个分别建于叶节点和根节点之上的Hash辅助索引结构,并基于HR树提出了反向最近邻查询算法,具有很好的动态更新性能和并发性。实验结果与分析表明,基于HR树索引的反向最近邻查询算法具有良好的更新及查询性能,优于通用的TPR树索引。     

移动点对象HR索引及反向最近邻查询

在此提出了一种基于速度分布的HR树索引结构,首先在速度域中对移动对象集进行规则划分,根据速度标量大小将移动对象划分到不同的速度树中,每棵速度树中移动对象具有相近的速度;对每棵速度树中的移动对象,则利用时间间隔进行划分。HR树索引增加了两个分别建于叶节点和根节点之上的Hash辅助索引结构,并基于HR树提出了反向最近邻查询算法,具有很好的动态更新性能和并发性。实验结果与分析表明,基于HR树索引的反向最近邻查询算法具有良好的更新及查询性能,优于通用的TPR树索引。     

Peer-to-peer bichromatic reverse nearest neighbours in mobile ad-hoc networks

The increasing use of mobile communications has raised many issues of decision support and resource allocation. A crucial problem is how to solve queries of Reverse Nearest Neighbour (RNN). An RNN query returns all objects that consider the query object as their nearest neighbour. Existing methods mostly rely on a centralised base station. However, mobile P2P systems offer many benefits, including self-organisation, fault-tolerance and load-balancing. In this study, we propose and evaluate 3 distinct P2P algorithms focusing on bichromatic RNN queries, in which mobile query peers and static objects of interest are of two different categories, based on a time-out mechanism and a boundary polygon around the mobile query peers. The Brute-Force Search Algorithm provides a naive approach to exploit shared information among peers whereas two other Boundary Search Algorithms filter a number of peers involved in query processing. The algorithms are evaluated in the MiXiM simulation framework with both real and synthetic datasets. The results show the practical feasibility of the P2P approach for solving bichromatic RNN queries for mobile networks.     

嵌入式移动数据库查询优化策略研究

随着通信技术和网络技术的发展,嵌入式移动数据库正成为数据库领域的一个新的研究方向。针对嵌入式移动数据库中频繁断接性、低带宽等特性,介绍了数据广播和客户缓存两种用于嵌入式移动数据库中处理断接操作的方法,提出了基于语义的查询优化策略。研究表明,该策略能够提高移动数据库查询的效率。     

路网中双色数据集上连续反向k近邻查询处理的研究

近年来,反向最近邻查询(RNN)算法研究得到了普遍的关注,成为了数据库领域的一个研究热点。欧氏空 间中提出了较多的高效算法,而路网中的反向最近邻处理方面所做的工作不够,有关这方面的成果较少。路网中查询 点和数据对象之间以及不同数据对象之间的距离受到路网连通性的影响,欧氏空间中的反向最近部方法在路网中不 适用。反向最近部查询有两种类型:单色反向最近部查询(Monochromatic RNN, MRNN)和双色反向最近部查询(13i- chromatic RNN,13RNN)。到目前为止,仍然没有有效的算法来处理路网中双色数据集上的连续反向k近部查询。因 此,研究路网中双色数据集上连续反向k近部查询是很有意义的。     

Efficient Distributed Skyline Queries for Mobile Applications

In this paper, we consider skyline queries in a mobile and distributed environment, where data objects are distributed in some sites (database servers) which are interconnected through a high-speed wired network, and queries are issued by mobile units (laptop, cell phone, etc.) which access the data objects of database servers by wireless channels. The inherent properties of mobile computing environment such as mobility, limited wireless bandwidth, frequent disconnection, make skyline queries more complicated. We show how to efficiently perform distributed skyline queries in a mobile environment and propose a skyline query processing approach, called efficient distributed skyline based on mobile computing (EDS-MC). In EDS-MC, a distributed skyline query is decomposed into five processing phases and each phase is elaborately designed in order to reduce the network communication, network delay and query response time. We conduct extensive experiments in a simulated mobile database system, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of EDS-MC over other skyline query processing techniques on mobile computing.     

Voronoi-based reverse nearest neighbor query processing on spatial networks

The use of Voronoi diagram has traditionally been applied to computational geometry and multimedia problems. In this paper, we will show how Voronoi diagram can be applied to spatial query processing, and in particular to Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) queries. Spatial and geographical query processing, in general, and RNN in particular, are becoming more important, as online maps are now widely available. In this paper, using the concept of Voronoi diagram, we classify RNN into four types depending on whether the query point and the interest objects are the generator points of the Voronoi Polygon or not. Our approach is based on manipulating Network Voronoi Diagram properties and applying a progressive incremental network expansion for finding the polygon inner network distances required to solve RNN queries. Our experimentation results show that our approaches have good response times in answering RNN queries.     

Preventing Location-Based Identity Inference in Anonymous Spatial Queries

The increasing trend of embedding positioning capabilities (for example, GPS) in mobile devices facilitates the widespread use of location-based services. For such applications to succeed, privacy and confidentiality are essential. Existing privacy-enhancing techniques rely on encryption to safeguard communication channels, and on pseudonyms to protect user identities. Nevertheless, the query contents may disclose the physical location of the user. In this paper, we present a framework for preventing location-based identity inference of users who issue spatial queries to location-based services. We propose transformations based on the well-established K-anonymity concept to compute exact answers for range and nearest neighbor search, without revealing the query source. Our methods optimize the entire process of anonymizing the requests and processing the transformed spatial queries. Extensive experimental studies suggest that the proposed techniques are applicable to real-life scenarios with numerous mobile users.     

Effectiveness of NAQ-tree in handling reverse nearest-neighbor queries in high-dimensional metric space

Reverse nearest-neighbor (RNN) query processing is important for many applications such as decision-support systems, profile-based marketing and molecular biology; consequently, RNN query processing has attracted considerable attention in the research community in recent years. Most existing approaches for RNN query processing either rely on nearest-neighbor pre-computation or work for specific data space (e.g., the Euclidean space). The only method for RNN query processing in metric space is based on the M-tree. In this paper, we propose an approach for RNN query processing in high-dimensional metric space using distance-based index structure (in particular, NAQ-tree that outperforms the other distance-based index structures as we have already verified in a previous study). In high-dimensional space, the properties of distance-based index structure provide strong pruning rules than the M-tree. In addition, unlike the previous work, our approach integrates the filtering and verification steps and uses the information obtained in the verification stage to further improve the filtering rate. Our approach delivers results incrementally and hence well serves real-time applications. The reported experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed NAQ-tree-based RNN approach.     

Range nearest-neighbor query

A range nearest-neighbor (RNN) query retrieves the nearest neighbor (NN) for every point in a range. It is a natural generalization of point and continuous nearest-neighbor queries and has many applications. In this paper, we consider the ranges as (hyper)rectangles and propose efficient in-memory processing and secondary memory pruning techniques for RNN queries in both 2D and high-dimensional spaces. These techniques are generalized for kRNN queries, which return the k nearest neighbors for every point in the range. In addition, we devise an auxiliary solution-based index EXO-tree to speed up any type of NN query. EXO-tree is orthogonal to any existing NN processing algorithm and, thus, can be transparently integrated. An extensive empirical study was conducted to evaluate the CPU and I/O performance of these techniques, and the study showed that they are efficient and robust under various data sets, query ranges, numbers of nearest neighbors, dimensions, and cache sizes.     

路网环境下的移动对象查询技术研究综述

随着基于定位服务（Loaction-Based Service,简称LBS）在移动设备上的广泛应用,移动对象在路网中的查询成为时空数据检索领域的一个研究热点.本文从索引结构、查询方法和隐私保护三层面对基于路网的移动对象查询技术进行了分类讨论.索引结构分为分层索引、分布式索引和广播索引并对三种索引进行对比和分析;查询方法分为单对象连续查询、多对象并行查询、最短路径查询和路网关键字查询并归纳了每种查询的解决策略;此外,阐述了路网移动对象查询中采用的隐私安全保护措施.最后,分析了未来路网移动对象查询研究所面临的挑战.     

k-Nearest Neighbor Query Processing Algorithms for a Query Region in Road Networks

Recent development of wireless communication technologies and the popularity of smart phones are making location-based services (LBS) popular. However, requesting queries to LBS servers with users’ exact locations may threat the privacy of users. Therefore, there have been many researches on generating a cloaked query region for user privacy protection. Consequently, an effcient query processing algorithm for a query region is required. So, in this paper, we propose k-nearest neighbor query (k-NN) processing algorithms for a query region in road networks. To effciently retrieve k-NN points of interest (POIs), we make use of the Island index. We also propose a method that generates an adaptive Island index to improve the query processing performance and storage usage. Finally, we show by our performance analysis that our k-NN query processing algorithms outperform the existing k-Range Nearest Neighbor (kRNN) algorithm in terms of network expansion cost and query processing time.